{
  "version": 1,
  "courses": [
    {
      "id": "ABLD 2XX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Africa and Black Diaspora Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introductory course allowing for the exploration of a special topic in Africa and Black Diaspora Studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ABLD 3A03",
      "title": "Critical Contemporary Issues in Latin American and Latinx Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides in-depth exposure to critical topics, providing an interdisciplinary framework for understanding contemporary Latin America and the Latin American Diaspora.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ABLD 3BA3",
      "title": "Topics in Black, African and African Diaspora Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course will explore selected topics from Black, African, and African Diaspora Studies, as determined by the instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ABLD 3CD3",
      "title": "Topics in the Black Caribbean and its Diasporas",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course will introduce students to topics that demonstrate the Caribbean region’s rich and nuanced Black histories and cultures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ABLD 4XX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Africa and Black Diaspora Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced course allowing the detailed study of selected topics in Africa and Black Diaspora Studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 1AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Anthropology: Sex, Food and Death",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines major issues in Anthropology in contemporary and past societies from archaeological, biological, cultural and linguistic perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 1AB3",
      "title": "Introduction to Anthropology: Race, Religion, and Social Justice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to Anthropology and its sub-disciplines through a discussion of some of the big questions and issues that anthropologists investigate in contemporary and past societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 1R03",
        "SCAR 1R03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2AN3",
      "title": "Food and Nutrition in Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Sociocultural and biological perspectives on nutrition at the community and population levels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ANTHROP 1AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2AN3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Nutrition and Environmental Health"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2AR3",
      "title": "Digital Archaeology: From 3D Modelling to the Metaverse",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This practice-based course will guide students through a focused consideration of how best to digitally document material culture on a number of scales, from the level of individual artifacts and arch",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2AS3",
      "title": "Archaeology of Sport",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Why were sports and displays of strength and skill so important in ancient societies, and how did they relate to power, religion, and identity? This course takes a global perspective to explore the ar",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2BB3",
      "title": "Ancient Mesoamerica: Aztecs to Zapotecs",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course addresses the lifeways of ancient Mesoamerican societies through the material traces of daily and ritual practices, using diverse scientific methods and theoretical perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 2VV3",
        "ANTHROP 2W03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2BT3",
      "title": "Bodies Through Time",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Bodies Through Time examines what diseases, injuries, and other conditions can tell us about human cultures and conditions in the present and the past.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 2ST3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2BW3",
      "title": "Anthropology and the Business World",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course we explore the impact of anthropological research in business, and analyses of the corporate world, and how anthropologists work with communities, institutions, and organizations to und",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology or registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2C03",
      "title": "Archaeology of Environmental Crisis and Response",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The influence of natural (drought, flood, volcanic eruption, earthquakes, and tsunamis) and human-induced (deforestation, soil exhaustion) environmental crises on long term culture histories.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2D03",
      "title": "23 and You: The Archaeology of your DNA",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this course, students with little to no science background will learn about our genome and how past events have shaped its content.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above in any program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2DA3",
      "title": "Traditional Indigenous Ecological Knowledge",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a study of the ecological teachings of Indigenous peoples and of their relationships with the natural environment in historical and contemporary times.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2E03",
      "title": "Introduction to Biological Anthropology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course examines the biological and cultural basis for human variation, past and present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program This course is required of all students enrolled in an Honours Program in Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "is a prerequisite for advanced courses in Physical Anthropology"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2EE3",
      "title": "Sport and/as Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of relationships between sport and religion, including ritual aspects of sport, connections between social collectivities and sports teams, and sport as meaning-making activity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2F03",
      "title": "Introduction to Sociocultural Anthropology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn about anthropology’s core concepts, theories, methods, and debates.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2FF3",
      "title": "Human Skeletal Biology and Bioarchaeology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Study of the human skeleton (bones and dentition) for application in archaeology and forensic anthropology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in an Anthropology program or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2HE3",
      "title": "Heritage Economy and Ethics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the ethics and reasons for the current heritage boom.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2HI3",
      "title": "Medical Anthropology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an introduction to the sub-discipline of medical anthropology, and cultivates an understanding of the intersection between disease, health, society, bodies, culture, and global political economy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 3HI3",
        "ANTHROP 3Z03",
        "ANTHROP 3ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2MA3",
      "title": "Art and Activism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Why do people summon art to mobilize against violence and oppression? This course explores how is art has historically been summoned in activism, from opposing dictatorships in Latin America to presen",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 3MA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2O03",
      "title": "Local and Regional North American Archaeology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The archaeological histories of Indigenous North America with a focus on migrations, including initial movement into the continent, patterns of local and regional environmental and cultural interactio",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2PA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Anthropological Archaeology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the theory, methods and ethics of anthropological archaeology with a focus on specific problems in the human past.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program This course is required of all students registered in an Honours Program in Anthropology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2PC3",
      "title": "Aliens, Curses and Nazis: Archaeology and Hollywood",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course uses popular representations of archaeology from Agatha Christie to Indiana Jones to critically review the discipline’s practice and practitioners from past to present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2PP3",
      "title": "Pets and their People",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the relationships that humans have cultivated with animals, both in the past and in the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2R03",
      "title": "Religion, Magic and Witchcraft",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Selected issues in the study of religion, magic and witchcraft, science and the supernatural.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 2MW3",
        "SCAR 2MW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2RP3",
      "title": "Religion and Power in the Past",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A critical examination of the relationship between religion, political power and warfare in a sample of prehistoric and historic states and empires.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2SA3",
      "title": "Encountering the Sacred",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces ethnographic approaches to the study of Asian religions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2ST3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Anthropology - Level II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topic: TBA.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2U03",
      "title": "Plagues and People",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A consideration of the role played by infectious disease in human evolution.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 2WA3",
      "title": "Neanderthals to Pyramids: Introduction to World Archaeology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to major debates in World Archaeology, including the origins of: humanity, art, first peoples of the Americas, farming, social differentiation and state-level societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3AD3",
      "title": "Anthropology of Data and AI",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course considers how anthropological methods and perspectives can help us understand data, its collection and analysis, and emerging data technologies (e.g., AI, data science, algorithms) more deeply.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3AR3",
      "title": "Culture and Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces key theorists and theories, classic and current topics, and issues of methodology and writing in the study of religion and culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3AR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3AS3",
      "title": "Archaeology and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical examination of the history of archaeology and the social and political implications of our understanding of the ancient human past.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3BA3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Biological Anthropology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The topic varies with each instructor (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any program in Anthropology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3BB3",
      "title": "Ancient Agriculture to Criminal Investigations: Paleoethnobotany in",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Practice 3 unit(s) This course trains students in laboratory methods and interpretations of botanical evidence through hands-on practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3BD3",
      "title": "The Black Death",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This class studies the underlying causes and consequences of the Black Death and the second plague pandemic of 1346 -1722 across Europe and Western Asia.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2U03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3CA3",
      "title": "Ceramic Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of theories and methods used by archaeologists to analyze ceramics and understand past ceramic technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ANTHROP 3EE3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic was Ceramic Analysis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3CC6",
      "title": "Archaeological Field School",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Field instruction in the techniques used in the excavation of an archaeological site.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an equivalent course in archaeological methods and credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3CF3",
      "title": "Climate Change, Changing Foodways and Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "What is the relationship between climate change, changing foodways and politics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3DD3",
      "title": "Archaeology of Death",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The emergence and varied development of the human response to death in the ancient world, including the advent of burials, cemeteries, tombs, ritual treatments, and ongoing interactions with the dead.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3E03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Archaeology I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topic: TBA The topic varies with each instructor (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3EE3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Archaeology II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topic: TBA The topic varies with each instructor (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3EM3",
      "title": "Jericho to Mycenae: Eastern Mediterranean Prehistory in Context",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In this course we use Eastern Mediterranean prehistory as a venue to engage with major debates in archaeology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3ET3",
      "title": "Between Hope and Despair",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores how ethical value is shaped and contested now in the face of disasters near and far.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3F03",
      "title": "Anthropology and the ‘Other’",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "At the base of all our “conversations” for this course, who are the “Other”? Under what foundational history were/are the “Others” created and for what purposes? Who among these “Others” have speech w",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2F03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3FA3",
      "title": "Forensic Anthropology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the detection, recovery, and analysis of human remains within a medico-legal context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3FF3",
      "title": "Key Debates in Andean Archaeology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This class explores debates in Andean research, from the development of religious ideologies to the origins of social hierarchy, through archaeological, ethnohistorical and ethnographic data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 3E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3HD3",
      "title": "Children’s Health and Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an overview of children’s health and development from historical, contemporary, and cross- cultural perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3HH3",
      "title": "Think Globally, Act Locally: Globalization, Social Justice and",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Human Rights 3 unit(s) This course examines competing theories, issues and debates relating to the promotion of social justice and human rights in a Globally interconnected world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3IS3",
      "title": "Independent Study in Anthropology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Independent study of a research problem through published materials and/or fieldwork.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in any program in Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different study"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units. See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3K03",
      "title": "Archaeological Interpretation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Techniques and methodologies in the investigation of archaeological material.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3LA3",
      "title": "Lithics Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A global approach to the theories and methods used by the archaeologists to analyse stone tools and the major debates surrounding these data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ANTHROP 3E03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic was ‘Lithics Analysis.’"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3LD3",
      "title": "Learning from the Dead",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the use of human remains in research, education, and cultural institutions (e.g., museums), as well as ethical considerations about their use.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3LL3",
      "title": "Of Beauty and Violence",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "What is the place of beauty in human experience and how does it find articulation in words? Using an interdisciplinary approach, this course explores the unexpected expressions and uses of beauty in a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3MD3",
      "title": "Matters of Life and Death",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines death and dying from a cross-cultural and social perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3P03",
      "title": "Doing Ethnography: Research Methods",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces research methods utilized by sociocultural anthropologists and others in related disciplines, focusing throughout on the collection, interpretation, and presentation of ethnogra",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3PA3",
      "title": "Dish with One Spoon Health, Diet and Traditional Botany",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Working with traditional knowledge holders, this course will explore the relationship between ethnobotany and agricultural practice to Haudenosaunee cultural beliefs and concepts of health and wellnes",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level I or II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Indigenous language course"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 3P03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3PD3",
      "title": "Anthropological Perspectives and Debates",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores themes of importance to the various sub-disciplines of Anthropology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units any level Anthropology. This course is required of all students registered in an Honours Program in Anthropology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3PP3",
      "title": "Paleopathology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The origins and evolution of human diseases and methods of identifying disease in ancient human remains.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor. This course requires a foundational understanding of anatomy"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3SS3",
      "title": "Sacred Journeys",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the significance of travel in various religious traditions, focusing on shrines, pilgrimages, and the inter- relationships between secular and sacred travel.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3EE3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3ST3",
      "title": "Anthropology of Postcolonial Science and Technology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the interdisciplinary field of science and technology studies (STS) and postcolonial studies, with a geographic focus on Africa.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2F03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3TR3",
      "title": "Tourism: Sex, Sun and Sightseeing",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of the intersections between various forms of tourism (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3W03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Anthropology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The topic varies with each instructor (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3X03",
      "title": "Zooarchaeology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A practical introduction to the identification and analysis of animal bones from archaeological sites and their use in the interpretation of hunting and domestication, animal-based economies, and huma",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 3Y03",
      "title": "Indigenous Community Health and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical examination of the determinants of health in Indigenous communities, processes of community revitalization and recent government policy initiatives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 3YY3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 3Y03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4AB3",
      "title": "Ancient Bones to Modern Molecules: Stress in Biological",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Anthropology 3 unit(s) From the origins of stress theory to cutting-edge biocultural approaches, we will examine the multifaceted dimensions of stress through an interdisciplinary lens.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4AH3",
      "title": "Archaeology and Heritage: Ethics, Politics, and Practice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine the ways in which archaeology is political, and how its practice and practitioners are deeply entangled with Western values and epistemologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ANTHROP 4E03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Heritage: Ethics"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Politics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4B03",
      "title": "Current Problems in Sociocultural Anthropology I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topic: TBA The topic varies with each instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in any program in Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4BB3",
      "title": "Current Problems in Sociocultural Anthropology II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "As per ANTHROP 4B03 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in any program in Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4CC3",
      "title": "Archaeology of Foodways",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course addresses the deep history of particular foodways and the diversity of foodways over time, as gleaned from archaeological residues and early historic documents.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4CL3",
      "title": "Archaeology of Climate Change and Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The effects of major global and regional climate change events on the histories of past cultures, emphasizing the integration of multi-disciplinary research and the nature and resolution of debates on",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4CP3",
      "title": "Cultural Politics of Food and Eating",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on food and the complex field of networks, expectations, and choices that are contested, negotiated, and often unequal.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Honours Anthropology"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Level IV of any Honours program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 4B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic was “Cultural Politics of Food and Eating.”"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4DD3",
      "title": "Anthropology of Zombies and the Undead",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores ethnographic and popular culture narratives of zombies and the undead through the lens of nationalism, colonialism, race, gender and other phenomena.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Anthropology program or permission of the Instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4B03",
        "ANTHROP 4BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4DN3",
      "title": "Diet and Nutrition in Biocultural Perspective",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Study of diet and nutrition in past and contemporary populations using a biocultural approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 1AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4E03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Archaeology I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Study at an advanced level of selected topics in the sub-discipline.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4EE3",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Archaeology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "As per ANTHROP 4E03 ; but on a different topic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4FF3",
      "title": "Digging the City: The Archaeology of Urbanism",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "What is a city? What assumptions do we bring to the study of ancient cities? And how have archaeologists traced urban histories and the topographies of city spaces? This seminar investigates the archa",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4G03",
      "title": "Independent Research I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Independent study of a research problem through published materials and/or fieldwork.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any program in Anthropology and permission of the instructor See"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4GG3",
      "title": "Independent Research II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "As per ANTHROP 4G03 , but on a different topic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any program in Anthropology and permission of the instructor See"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4HF3",
      "title": "Archaeology of Hunter-Fisher-Gatherers",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Worldwide examples of the varied and changing technologies and organizational strategies ancient foraging cultures used to extract a living before the advent of farming, with a focus on patterns of en",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4J03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Biological Anthropology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topic: TBA Study at an advanced level of selected topics within the subdiscipline.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4JJ3",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Biological Anthropology II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topic: TBA Study at an advanced level of selected topics within the subdiscipline.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4KK3",
      "title": "The Archaeology of Neanderthals and Other Early Humans",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This seminar engages with the archaeology of our early ancestors, asking: what constitutes humanity, when did we become ‘modern’, and what became of the Neanderthals?",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II or above in any program or permission of the Instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4LL3",
      "title": "Critical Global Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Global health constitutes a diversity of actors, institutions, and projects that mobilize immense resources, interventions, and technologies to address complex health issues across the globe.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV in any program or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4MM3",
      "title": "Borders, Migration, Refuge",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course addresses historical and contemporary instances of displacement and forced migration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4B03",
        "ANTHROP 4BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4NE3",
      "title": "Narrative, Ethnography, Writing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Writing is at the heart of much of what anthropologists do.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4R03",
      "title": "Advanced Bioarchaeology and Skeletal Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The analysis of human skeletal samples, including such topics as paleopathology, paleodemography, paleonutrition and biological distance analyses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4S03",
      "title": "The Anthropology of Infectious Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The critical examination of the role of infectious diseases in the course of human history and contemporary society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Anthropology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ANTHROP 4SG3",
      "title": "The Secret of the Gift",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will challenge your understanding of the gift.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "three units of Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above Anthropology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 4B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ARABIC 2AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Modern Standard Arabic",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the basics of the Arabic language.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARABIC 2AR3",
      "title": "Introduction to Modern Standard Arabic II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on the fundamentals covered in ARABIC 2AA3 /SCAR 2AA3 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARABIC 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 2AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARABIC 3AA3",
      "title": "Intermediate Modern Standard Arabic",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intermediate course enhancing skills in modern standard Arabic through reading materials with the goal of improving comprehension in both written and spoken contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARABIC 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 1A03",
      "title": "Practices of Knowledge",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of significant themes in intellectual history through a reading of major works in philosophy and literature that shed light on the conceptual foundations of contemporary life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 1AA3",
      "title": "Contemporary Indigenous Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the relationship between Indigenous peoples and mainstream society in the 20th century with regard to governmental policy, land claims, economic development, and self-determin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 1B03",
      "title": "Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course aims to develop students’ ability to use language in written communication, with a focus on academic writing in particular.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 1BB3",
      "title": "Argumentation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with some of the conceptual tools needed to recognize, understand, evaluate, formulate, and attack arguments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 1C06",
      "title": "Global Challenges Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This inquiry course, designed to develop skills basic to the systematic, evidence-based investigation of public issues, focuses on substantial global challenges and injustices, as well as on means of",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 1D06",
      "title": "Calculus",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course aims to provide a thorough understanding of the principles and major applications of differential and integral calculus of functions of one variable, as well as an introduction to multivar",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATH 1A03",
        "MATH 1AA3",
        "MATH 1LS3",
        "MATH 1LT3",
        "MATH 1X03",
        "MATH 1XX3",
        "MATH 1ZA3",
        "MATH 1ZB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 2A06",
      "title": "Social and Political Thought",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Development of social and political thought, with an emphasis on the question of justice, community, and the concept of “the human,” in the writings of a wide range of thinkers, from Plato, Locke, Wol",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 2D06",
      "title": "Physics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This two-term course explores many of the great concepts of physics in a quantitative way.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 2E03",
      "title": "Economics: Principles and Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the core principles of economics with the objective of helping students to apply economic reasoning to issues that are central to modern societies, such as: the role of government i",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 1B03",
        "ECON 1BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 2R03",
      "title": "Applied Statistical Inference",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Inferential statistics, with an emphasis on applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "STATS 2B03",
        "STATS 2MB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3B03",
      "title": "Technology and Society I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The Culture of Technology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3BB3",
      "title": "Technology and Society II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course will explore the extent to which technology controls our lives - including at work, at home, and in politics - and how different groups in society are affected and how they can respond.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "WORKLABR 2K03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3C03",
      "title": "Coding Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on computer programming as both a technical and a social practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 4ST3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic was Where Game Design Meets Culture: A Critical Dive into Videogames"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3CL3",
      "title": "Theatre, Self, and Social Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Theatre skills are life skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3CU3",
      "title": "Alumni Experience Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Using an inquiry methodology, and through interaction with graduates of the Arts & Science program, students will explore the practical applications of an interdisciplinary degree.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3EH3",
      "title": "Exploring Hamilton Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course encourages students to ask questions and explore topics focused on the City of Hamilton, Ontario.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3F03",
      "title": "Experiential Project in Teaching and Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course allows students to explore in depth an issue related to teaching and learning in higher education under the supervision of McMaster faculty and/or staff affiliated with the Paul R.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Arts & Science Program and permission of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3GJ3",
      "title": "Global Justice Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Using an inquiry methodology, students will explore issues pertaining to global justice through an interdisciplinary lens.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3RL3",
      "title": "Religion and Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The notion of law has deep roots in religious thought and writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3RL3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3S03",
      "title": "The East Asian Religious Tradition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Readings of East Asian texts in translation will centre around themes such as culture vs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3S03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 3S03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3TR3",
      "title": "Trees and Their Histories",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Inspired by the trees on McMaster’s campus, this course examines trees and their significance in history and the present through multiple lenses including: biology; colonial and economic histories; vi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HISTORY 3TR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 3X03",
      "title": "Individual Study",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course consists of study under the supervision of a McMaster faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III and above of the Arts & Science Program and permission of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4A06",
      "title": "Individual Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course consists of study under the supervision of a McMaster faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Arts & Science Program and permission of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4A09",
      "title": "Individual Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The same as ARTSSCI 4A06 A/B S but based on more extensive study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Arts & Science Program and permission of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4C06",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course consists of original research under the supervision of a McMaster faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Arts & Science Program and permission of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4C09",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The same as ARTSSCI 4C06 A/B but based on more extensive research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Arts & Science Program and permission of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4CB3",
      "title": "Education Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will have the opportunity in this course to use an inquiry-based approach to focus on social, cultural, political, and economic issues that influence and are influenced by education.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4CD3",
      "title": "Research and Creative Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course exposes students to creative writing that is grounded in research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4CF3",
      "title": "How Science Speaks to Power",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A case study approach is used to examine how science is shaped by politics and how science advice is filtered by political processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program, an Honours Biology program, or the Honours Integrated Science, Biology Concentration program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4CI3",
      "title": "Diversity and Human Rights Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores issues of diversity and the role of human rights protection regimes in both Canadian and international contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4CP3",
      "title": "Media Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course considers media texts and industries as social and political entities, taking up theoretical and analytical perspectives, political economy of the media, news media, and entertainment medi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4CT3",
      "title": "Medical Humanities Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course exposes students to the rapidly developing international field known as medical humanities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4DS3",
      "title": "Digital Society and Public Policy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the challenges to public policy posed by an increasingly digital society and its advances in areas such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, blockchain, 3D printing, rob",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4EP3",
      "title": "Environmental Policy Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides a critical analysis of the relationship between public policymaking and environmental issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4GH3",
      "title": "Global Health Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course invites students to engage in thorough exploration of some of the most pressing contemporary challenges and emerging trends in global health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4GS3",
      "title": "Theories from the Global South",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of social and political theory from thinkers, activists, and/or movements from the Global South.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 4ST3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic was Gandhi’s Politics"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4HS3",
      "title": "History of Science Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of theoretical questions and case studies from the history and sociology of science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4LI3",
      "title": "Literature Inquiry I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "As the first of two offerings dedicated to the interactive process of literary study, the course encourages students to participate in fresh, open-minded, and careful reading of literary works in vari",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4LT3",
      "title": "Literature Inquiry II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "As the second of two offerings dedicated to the interactive process of literary study, the course encourages students to participate in fresh, open-minded, and careful reading of literary works in var",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4MB3",
      "title": "Beauty and Truth in Mathematics and Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the relationship between beauty and truth in mathematics and the sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 4ST3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic was Beauty and Truth in Mathematics and Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4MN1",
      "title": "Local Explorations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An experiential learning course, which offers students the opportunity to explore issues of local significance and global relevance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Arts & Science Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Arts & Science Program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis. Some experiential learning opportunities may require a fee to cover costs of travel"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4MN2",
      "title": "Movement and Integration",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course brings together Arts & Science students and international exchange students to assess the experience of movement away from familiar terrain and reflect critically on ways of integrating th",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Arts & Science Program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "as an international exchange student"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTSSCI 4MN1"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "by permission"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to attain 3 total units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4QT3",
      "title": "Queering the Arts, Queering the Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers students an opportunity to engage in sustained investigation and analysis of queer and feminist thought and knowledge production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4ST3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics will vary from year to year in accordance with student interests and faculty availability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ARTSSCI 4VC3",
      "title": "Visual Culture Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course allows students to explore the ways in which images and other visual texts intersect with issues of social concern.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 1F03",
      "title": "Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topics include orbital motion, electromagnetic radiation, the solar system, stars and stellar evolution, the Milky Way Galaxy, galaxies and quasars, the evolution of the universe.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "One of Grade 12 Calculus and Vectors U"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1F03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PHYSICS 1F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 2A03",
      "title": "Perspectives on Indigenous and Eurocentric Astronomy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the intersection between Indigenous and Eurocentric/Western astronomy, particularly as it relates to naked-eye observations of the night sky; using astronomy as a gateway to learn m",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 2N03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 2B03",
      "title": "The Big Questions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Ultimate questions in modern science are surveyed with emphasis on physical sciences: origin of space-time, elements and structure in the cosmos (stars, planets, galaxies).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 2E03",
      "title": "Planetary Astronomy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Physical and mathematical foundation of planetary astronomy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 3X03",
      "title": "Galaxies and Cosmology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Stellar populations, star formation and the interstellar medium in galaxies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units from Level II PHYSICS"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2A04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2H04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2P04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2QM3"
          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "DATASCI 2G03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 2G03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ASTRON 3Y03"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 3Y03",
      "title": "Stellar Structure",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The physics of stellar interiors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units from Level II PHYSICS"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2A04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2H04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2P04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2QM3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "DATASCI 2G03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 2G03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ASTRON 3X03"
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        ]
      },
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    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 4X03",
      "title": "Data Analysis Project Course",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A project-based course covering the basics of modern scientific data acquisition, mining and analysis, including observational astronomy techniques.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 1MD3"
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            "kind": "course",
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    },
    {
      "id": "ASTRON 5X03",
      "title": "Graduate Topics in Astrophysics",
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      "description": "This course allows an undergraduate student to take any two of the astrophysics graduate-level courses (1.5 units) offered by the Department of Physics and Astronomy excluding PHYSICS 760 and 761.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
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                "kind": "all",
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ASTRON 3X03"
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ASTRON 3Y03"
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                ]
              }
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on different graduate level topics"
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 2AC3",
      "title": "Advanced CAD",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Parametric solid modeling for parts with complex geometry.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2AE3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2CD3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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        ]
      },
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 2AE3",
      "title": "Design of Machine Elements",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Stress and strain; load analysis; failure prediction; impact; fatigue; lubrication and sliding bearings; rolling bearings; shafts and associated parts; gears; fasteners; disassemble and reassemble veh",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1ME3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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        ]
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 2CD3",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Two-dimensional drafting: drawing environment and commands, drafting settings, drawing editing, plotting output, dimensioning, orthographic projections and views, sectional and auxiliary views.",
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        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 2MT3",
      "title": "Structure and Properties of Materials",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Physical and mechanical properties of materials via tensile, impact and hardness tests and microscopic examination.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1ME3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 2TS3",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Thermodynamic principles; heat engines; gas turbine cycles; air conditioning; conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer, heat transfer coefficients, heat exchangers, vehicle thermal managemen",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2AE3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Automotive andVehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 3AE3",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Spark ignition engines; diesel engines, ignition systems, emission control devices, computers and on-board diagnostics; clutches; manual and automatic transmissions and transaxles; driveline; steering",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2AE3"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 3AV3",
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        "Fall"
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      "description": "Alternate vehicular power systems: electric hybrid and fuel cell technology; electric propulsion systems and electric storage systems; current and future vehicular powertrain design and control princi",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 3CT3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 3CT3",
      "title": "Control Theory",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Analysis and design of closed loop control systems course to include: control system characteristics and performance, stability analysis, system types and performance improvement, digital control syst",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1EL3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MT3"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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      "antireqs": [
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      "id": "AUTOTECH 3MP3",
      "title": "Manufacturing Processes and Systems",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Metal-casting processes and equipment; forming and shaping processes and equipment for metals, ceramics and plastics; material-removal processes and machines; joining processes and equipment; surface",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2AC3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2AE3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2CD3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2MT3"
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automotive"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 3MV3",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Sensors and actuators: analysis, selection and implementation.",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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      "id": "AUTOTECH 3TS3",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fluid statics; forces on submerged and floating bodies; kinematics of flow and Bernoulli’s equations; dimensional analysis and similarity; flow in closed conduits.",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III or above of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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      "antireqs": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 3VD3",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Single degree of freedom systems; free vibration; harmonically excited vibration; vibration under general forcing conditions; two degree of freedom systems; multi-degree of freedom systems; natural fr",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
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    {
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        "Winter"
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      "description": "Internal combustion engine operating characteristics; engine cycles; air and fuel induction; fluid motion within combustion chamber; heat transfer in engines; friction and lubrication.",
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            "kind": "raw",
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    {
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Problem based learning course in which groups of students research, discuss, and implement conceptual design aspects of electric or hybrid electric vehicles for modern transportation approaches.",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 4BE3",
      "title": "Battery Energy Storage Systems",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Comprehensive exploration of batteries and their critical role in applications with focus on electric vehicles.",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level III in the Automotive"
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            "kind": "raw",
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        ]
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 4CI3",
      "title": "Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Manufacturing planning; flexible manufacturing systems; CIM and quality; emerging CIM technologies; vision systems; robotics; workspace analysis; homogeneous transformation; angle and axis of rotation",
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        ]
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    },
    {
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3MT3"
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                "kind": "all",
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                    "kind": "course",
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                    "kind": "raw",
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    {
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        "Fall"
      ],
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
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        ]
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 4EC3",
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        "Winter"
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      "description": "Intelligent vehicles; vehicle controllers, protocols buses and applications areas such as chassis, steering, braking, traction and stability control etc; and safety critical systems.",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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    },
    {
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        "kind": "all",
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                    "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
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        "Winter"
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            "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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    },
    {
      "id": "AUTOTECH 4TR3",
      "title": "Capstone Design II",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a continuation of AUTOTECH 4TR1 and requires students to conduct further research, refine and modify their project design, and develop and implement the independent project proposal sub",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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        ]
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    },
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      "id": "BIOCHEM 1MM3",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Health 3 unit(s) In this course students will embark on a journey through the molecular mysteries that shape human health and provide a window into the world of biomedical science.",
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        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 2B03",
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            "kind": "raw",
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            "kind": "course",
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in an Honours Biochemistry"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Chemical Biology"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Neuroscience program; or registration in Honours Arts & Science and Biochemistry or Honours Medical and Biological Physics"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3G03"
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    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 2BB3",
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      ],
      "description": "Fundamental concepts and experimental methods in studying structures of proteins, including membrane proteins.",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "raw",
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in an Honours Biochemistry"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Chemical Biology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics or Honours Neuroscience program; or registration in Honours Arts & Science and Biochemistry or Honours Medical and Biological Physics"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 2EE3",
      "title": "Metabolism and Physiological Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A brief introduction to proteins, enzymes and gene expression followed by a more detailed treatment of energy and intermediary metabolism with emphasis on physiological chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOPHYS 2S03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Honours Medical"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Biological Physics"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "B.Sc"
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                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 2L06",
      "title": "Inquiry in Biochemical Techniques",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An inquiry approach to learning about current techniques in biochemistry research.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2B03"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOSAFE 1BS0"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "HTHSCI 1BS0"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Honours Biochemistry"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Honours Medical and Biological Physics"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "B.Sc"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Honours Arts & Science"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOSAFE 1BS0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 1BS0"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3A03",
      "title": "Biochemical Research Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A one-term research project undertaken in a biochemistry laboratory during the fall, winter, spring or summer term which requires the submission of a formal report.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2L06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in an Honours Biochemistry program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3LA3",
        "BIOCHEM 3R06",
        "ISCI 2A18"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3AB3",
      "title": "Antibiotics are the Cornerstone of Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the history of antibiotic discovery and the influence of these drugs on modern medicine.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3BP3",
      "title": "Practical Bioinformatics in the Genomics Era",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to bioinformatics theory, tools, and practice with an emphasis upon high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3CB3",
      "title": "Emerging Discovery in Cell Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will critically evaluate and present primary manuscripts in basic cellular biology and cellular biochemistry on theme areas related to the endoplasmic reticulum and ER stress, intracellular p",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3CM3",
      "title": "Chemistry in Medicine: Building Modern Therapeutics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers organic chemistry synthesis and reactions through the lens of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, with special emphasis on modern therapeutic modalities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Honours Biochemistry"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Honours Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3D03",
      "title": "Metabolism and Regulation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of bioenergetics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Chemical Biology ( B.Sc. )"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Honours Medical and Biological Physics"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "B.Sc"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 2EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3G03",
      "title": "Proteins and Nucleic Acids",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Chemical and conformational properties of proteins and relationships to their function including regulation of enzyme activity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOPHYS 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 2BP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Medical and Biological Physics ( B.Sc. )"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Honours Chemical Biology"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "B.Sc"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Honours Biology and Pharmacology Co-op ( B.H.Sc. )"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Biomedical Discovery"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Commercialization ( B.H.Sc. ) . Completion of at least Grade 12 Biology is strongly recommended"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 2B03",
        "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3GN3",
      "title": "Biochemical and Molecular Foundations of Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying genetic flow of information, gene structure, functionality, and in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours Biochemistry program"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3H03",
      "title": "Clinical Biochemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An outline of clinical chemistry; its relation to disease and relevance to health care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2EE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3LA3",
      "title": "Advanced Biochemistry Techniques",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Laboratory course focusing on module-based advanced biochemistry techniques such as protein purification and analysis using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) and Immunodetection techniques, CR",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III Honours Biochemistry - Biomedical Research Specialization; or registration in a Level III Honours Biochemistry program and permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3A03",
        "BIOCHEM 3LT3",
        "BIOCHEM 3R06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3LT3",
      "title": "Fundamental and Applied Biochemical Techniques",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Laboratory course that will introduce fundamental and applied biochemical techniques.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3LA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3MI3",
      "title": "Microbial Interactions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how interactions with bacteria influence all cellular life on earth.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3R03",
      "title": "Clinical Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A one-term research project undertaken under the supervision of a Faculty of Health Sciences research supervisor during the fall, winter or summer term which requires the submission of a formal report.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2L06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3LT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Department. May not be taken concurrently with any research project"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "thesis"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "experiential education course under the supervision of the same supervisor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3R06",
      "title": "Research Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A project supervised by a member or associate member of the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in an Honours Biochemistry or Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program. Permission of the Department is required"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 3A03",
        "BIOCHEM 3LA3",
        "BIOCHEM 3P03",
        "ISCI 2A18",
        "ISCI 3A12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 3Z03",
      "title": "Structural Determination and Analysis of Macromolecules",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to methods used in the determination of protein and macromolecular structures, including x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and artificial intelligence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4C03",
      "title": "Inquiry in Biochemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Broader aspects of biochemistry such as those relating to food, drugs, health and environment discussed in small groups.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Biochemistry program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 4F09",
        "BIOCHEM 4T15",
        "BIOCHEM 4Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4E03",
      "title": "Gene Regulation in Stem Cells and Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore elements of the biochemistry and molecular controls of human cells using both cancer and human stem cells to illustrate key differences in human medicine and biology from other systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4F09",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis based on a major research project supervised by a member of the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2L06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level lV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Biochemistry program Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 4C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4H03",
      "title": "Biotechnology and Drug Discovery",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Selected topics on genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics illustrating the modern application of molecular biology and biochemistry to pharmaceutical and other research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Chemical Engineering program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOMEDDC 3B06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4J03",
      "title": "Immunological Principles in Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This advanced course applies problem-based learning to immunological problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3IV3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MOLBIOL 4J03",
        "HTHSCI 4J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4M03",
      "title": "Cellular and Integrated Metabolism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Study of nutritional biochemistry and the regulation of metabolism; the role of specific nutrients in functional processes of the body in health and disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOCHEM 4N03",
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            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 3O03"
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      "id": "BIOLOGY 3HD3",
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      ],
      "description": "A second academic component associated with field work chosen from an assortment of modules.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3RF0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Course Administrator. Some modules have additional prerequisites"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOLOGY 4JF0",
      "title": "Field Work II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Field work, corresponding with BIOLOGY 4J03, chosen from an assortment of modules.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3RF0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 4J03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOLOGY 4MH3",
      "title": "Microbiome-Host Interactions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will delve into the rapidly growing body of literature on microbiomes the community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that associate with diverse plant and animal host species.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3DD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3FF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3PG3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MOLBIOL 3A03",
        "MOLBIOL 4CT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOLOGY 4PP3",
      "title": "Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Study of interaction of microorganisms with their environment with emphasis on topics of ecological significance including plant-microbe interactions, nutrient cycling and waste treatment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOLOGY 4T03",
      "title": "Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Selected topics in neurobiology at the molecular and cellular level including growth factors and neuronal development, ion channels, neurotransmitter functions, learning and memory, and neurological d",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Biology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Neuroscience"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOLOGY 4X03",
      "title": "Environmental Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The influence of environmental factors on the physiology of animals and the adaptation of animals to diverse environments in the context of biodiversity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3U03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3UU3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3XL3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any Honours program Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Honours Biology - Physiology Research Specialization program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 2C03",
      "title": "Exploring Careers in Biomedical Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An inquiry-based course that will explore careers related to biochemistry and biomedical sciences, coupled with an exploration of the science behind each career.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, or Arts & Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 3A03",
      "title": "Ideas to Innovation in Biomedical Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to critical thinking essential to discovery research through examples of fundamental and applied research occurring in the laboratories of thought leaders at McMast",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 3B06",
      "title": "Drug Discovery and Development",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This two-term course will provide an overview of paradigms and processes in modern drug discovery and development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 3C06",
      "title": "Research Skills Laboratory and Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A laboratory-based inquiry course where students will learn and apply current techniques used in drug discovery.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III of the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 3WR3",
      "title": "Biochemistry and Biomedical Scientific Writing: Right your Write",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will give students a foundational understanding of scientific writing for the biomedical sciences, and learn to apply these in structured written formats.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any Biochemistry program or the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program or by permission of the BDC Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOMEDDC 2W03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 4A15",
      "title": "Senior Research Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intensive two-term research project carried out under the supervision of a member or associate member of the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program Not open to students enrolled in the Honours Health Sciences Program. Not open to students with credit or registration in any Level IV department- or program-based thesis or independent study/project course. May not be taken concurrently with any research project"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "thesis"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3R06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOMEDDC 4B03",
      "title": "Road to Biomedical Commercialization",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will be a practical and hands-on foray into the world of commercialization of biomedical research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOPHYS 2A03",
      "title": "Biophysics of the Cell and Living Organisms",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Some of the most exciting breakthroughs in science are made at the interface between disciplines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 2BP3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOPHYS 2S03",
      "title": "Explorations in Medical and Biological Physics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An inquiry-based presentation of selected current topics in medical and biological physics including central concepts imaging and vision, cellular propulsion and of organic chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOPHYS 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2BP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDPHYS 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOPHYS 1S03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Medical and Biological Physics"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOPHYS 3D03",
      "title": "Origin of Life",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A multidisciplinary survey course on the search for life on other planets and the origin of life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ORIGINS 3D03",
        "PHYSICS 3L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOPHYS 3G03",
      "title": "Modelling Life",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to simulating computational models in the life sciences, including examples from molecular and cell biology, ecology and evolution.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 3BP3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOPHYS 3S03",
      "title": "‘Squishy Physics’: Physics of Soft Matter",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Soft materials include polymers, liquid crystals, surfactants and colloids.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 2H04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 3K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any Honours program offered by the Department of Physics and Astronomy"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Honours Mathematics and Physics program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOPHYS 4S03",
      "title": "Introduction to Molecular Biophysics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A presentation of recent contributions made to the fields of molecular and cell biology by the use of physical approaches.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOPHYS 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2BP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 2H04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 3K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in the Department of Physics and Astronomy"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "in the Honours Mathematics"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOPHYS 3S03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOCHEM 4S03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOSAFE 1BS0",
      "title": "Biosafety Training",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly HTHSCI 1BS0 BSL 1 biosafety training for the handling of non-pathogenic bacteria, cell lines, blood and body fluids or mammalian tissues based on federal laboratory biosafety guidelines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2B03",
      "title": "Biotechnology Concepts",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Basic elements of biotechnology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2CB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOTECH 2BE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2BC3",
      "title": "Biochemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Biochemistry and biotechnology; amino acids, nucleotides, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, membranes and their functions, metabolism, gene expression and DNA.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2CB3",
      "title": "Cell Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | An introduction to basic living cell structure, functions, genetics and the fundamentals of metabolism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1BI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2EC3",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering Concepts",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Material balances: single and multi-unit systems with possible reactions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOTECH 3EC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2GT3",
      "title": "Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the fundamentals of genetic studies including genes and genetic code, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, cellular reproduction and human genetics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 1BI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2M03",
      "title": "Molecular Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of molecular biology that form the basis nucleic acid and protein based methodologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1BI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2MB3",
      "title": "Microbiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to microbiological analysis with emphasis on use of microscopic techniques, staining, cultivation and control of microbial growth, enumeration, identification, potable water analysis,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2CB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 2OC3",
      "title": "Organic Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers a working knowledge of the major classes of organic compounds, including their physical and chemical properties.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3B03",
      "title": "Industrial Biotechnology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of Biotechnology I including a more in depth application of the recombinant technology and gene expression systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2GT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3BC3",
      "title": "Bioprocess Control and Dynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Basic control theory and interfacing concepts, design of simple digital controllers, as applied to biological systems with emphasis on biosensors, bioreactors, neural physiology, and homoeostasis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1EL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2EC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III or above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3BP3",
      "title": "Bioreactor Processes and Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Overview of fermentation technology and bioprocessing, kinetics and thermodynamics of microbial processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2EC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3CM3",
      "title": "Computational Modeling of Biological Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers fundamental concepts of computational modeling and applying it to biological systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3FM3",
      "title": "Food Microbiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the microbiology of raw materials used in the manufacturing of food products.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2CB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3IV3",
      "title": "Immunology and Virology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Structure and function of antibodies, antibody diversity and interactions, immune system and immunity, immunological responses to disease, antibodies production and applications, structure of viruses,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOTECH 2MB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 3PM3",
      "title": "Pharmacology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The first part of this course deals with general principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4BI3",
      "title": "Bioinformatics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course will familiarize students with the tools and principles of bioinformatics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOTECH 3CM3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MANTECH 4AI3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRTECH 4AI3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 4AI3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 4DA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 4GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PP3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 2ES3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ES3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ST3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4BL3",
      "title": "Biomaterials and Biocompatibility",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Natural and synthetic biopolymers, and other materials for industrial and biomedical engineering applications: biocompatibility; tissue response to implants; inflammation; bioplastics, composites and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4BM3",
      "title": "Biopharmaceuticals",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to biopharmaceutical drug development and manufacture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4BS3",
      "title": "Ethics and Biotechnology Regulations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will familiarize students with current methods of laboratory safety and good lab and manufacturing practices in biotechnology; bioethics issues, benefits and risks of biotechnology applica",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4CP3",
      "title": "Capstone Project I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course requires students to research, design, develop, and implement an independent project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3BP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3FM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3MT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 4PM3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4GP3",
      "title": "Genomics and Proteomics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines genomics, functional genomics and proteomics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4TB3",
      "title": "Advanced Biotechnology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This advanced course examines select topics of interest that reflect current methods utilized to produce new products and processes in the field of biotechnology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 4GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4TR1",
      "title": "Capstone Project I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course requires students to research, design, develop, and implement an independent project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3BP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3FM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3MT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 4PM3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BIOTECH 4TR3",
      "title": "Capstone Project II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a continuation of BIOTECH 4TR1 and it requires the students to conduct further research, modify/refine the project design, develop, and implement the independent project proposal submit",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 4BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 4BM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 4GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 4TR1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BUSAI 3AI3",
      "title": "Foundations of Large Language Models and Generative Artificial",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Intelligence in Business 3 unit(s) This course introduces students to the core concepts of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI, emphasizing their strategic relevance to business.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "COMMERCE 2DA3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "BUSAI 4AI3",
      "title": "Applications of Large Language Models and Generative Artificial",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Intelligence in Business 3 unit(s) Building on the foundations course, this course moves from conceptual understanding to applied practice, training students to use Generative AI and LLM tools to solv",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "BUSAI 3AI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CAYUGA 1Z03",
      "title": "Introduction to Cayuga Language and Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will study the Cayuga language, in its spoken and written forms, in the context of Iroquoian cultural traditions, values, beliefs and customs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CAYUGA 2Z03",
      "title": "Intermediate Cayuga",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course expands on the vocabulary and the oral skills for the Cayuga language.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CAYUGA 1Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHALLENG 2CC3",
      "title": "Critical Challenges for Humanity",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "We explore selected critical challenges for humanity, including energy needs and climate change, deployment of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering, and confronting the possibilities of nuc",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program Business AI"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 1A03",
      "title": "Introductory Chemistry I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A discussion of chemical fundamentals, including bonding, structure, reactivity, and energetics of phase transitions, with emphasis on applications to health, energy, and the environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Grade 12 Chemistry U and either registration in a Level I program in the Faculty of Science or Engineering I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Arts & Science I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Health Sciences I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "any program above Level I"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "a grade of at least 80% in Grade 12 Chemistry U"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1R03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 1E03",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 1AA3",
      "title": "Introductory Chemistry II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A discussion of organic chemistry, chemical kinetics and acid-base equilibrium, with emphasis on relevant experimental techniques and solving real problems ranging from drug discovery to environmental",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 1E03",
      "title": "General Chemistry for Engineering I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to chemical principles for Engineering students, including reactivity, bonding, structure, energetics and electrochemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a program in Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 1A03",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 1R03",
      "title": "General Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A general introduction to chemistry, suitable for students without Grade 12 Chemistry U.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Grade 11 Chemistry SCH3U Not open to students with a grade of 80%"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "higher in Grade 12 Chemistry SCH4U. Not open to students with credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2A03",
      "title": "Quantitative Chemical Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The art and science of performing quantitative analysis on samples based on classical volumetric techniques and modern instrumental methods including electrochemistry, optical spectroscopy, and chroma",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2AA3",
        "CHEMBIO 2A03",
        "CHEMBIO 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2BC3",
      "title": "Making Chemistry More Sustainable",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to current Sustainable Chemistry research, combined with developing skills in scientific writing and oral presentation, and searching and analyzing the scientific literature.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2SC3",
        "CHEM 2Q03",
        "CHEMBIO 2Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2E03",
      "title": "Introductory Organic Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to organic chemistry with an emphasis on structure and bonding, conformations and stereochemistry, and reaction processes around alkyl halide, alkene, and carbonyl centers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "online. Students are encouraged to check scheduling information and the course outline to confirm the course offering details"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2II3",
      "title": "Introductory Inorganic Chemistry: Structure and Bonding",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The basic theories and models of bonding and structure that explain the combination of elements across the periodic table with primary emphasis on the main-group elements.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2LB3",
      "title": "Tools for Chemical Discovery",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced techniques for synthesis and characterization of organic and inorganic molecules and materials, and the use of modern instrumentation in chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in an Honours Chemistry or Honours Sustainable Chemistry program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2OA3",
      "title": "Organic Chemistry I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to organic chemistry with emphasis on the reactions of functional groups and an introduction to spectroscopic techniques for structure determination.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2OC3",
        "CHEM 2OG3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OA3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OG3",
        "ISCI 1A24",
        "CHEM 1AA3",
        "CHEM 2E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2OB3",
      "title": "Organic Chemistry II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Nucleophilic substitutions at carbonyl centres, aromatic chemistry, carbohydrates, applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2OD3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OB3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OD3",
        "BIOCHEM 3CM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2OD3",
      "title": "Synthesis and Function of Organic Molecules",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental reactions used to construct organic molecules, nucleophilic substitutions at carbonyl centres, biomolecules, and applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2OB3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OB3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2OG3",
      "title": "Structure and Reactivity of Organic Molecules",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examines how structure affects properties and chemistry of organic molecules important for life, health, and advanced technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
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                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
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                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2OA3",
        "CHEM 2OC3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OA3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2P03",
      "title": "Applications of Physical Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Chemical thermodynamics and kinetics and their application to biological, chemical and environmental systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "EARTHSC 2L03",
        "ENVIRSC 2L03",
        "PHYSICS 2H04",
        "CHEMBIO 2P03",
        "ISCI 2A18"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2Q03",
      "title": "Inquiry for Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to current Chemistry research, combined with developing skills in scientific writing and oral presentation, searching and analyzing the scientific literature and databases, scientific",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Chemistry ( B.Sc.) or Honours Sustainable Chemistry or Honours Integrated Science ( Chemistry Concentration)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMBIO 2Q03",
        "CHEM 2SC3",
        "CHEM 2BC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 2SC3",
      "title": "Sustainable Chemistry - Green Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to current Sustainable Chemistry research, combined with developing skills in scientific writing and oral presentation, and searching and analyzing the scientific literature.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in an Honours Chemistry"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Chemical Biology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Sustainable Chemistry"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2BC3",
        "CHEM 2Q03",
        "CHEMBIO 2Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3AA3",
      "title": "Instrumental Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Modern instrumental analytical techniques will be examined, including atomic and molecular spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chromatography with emphasis on analytical design and data interpretation",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMBIO 3AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3EP3",
      "title": "Advanced Chemistry Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This placement course provides students with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of an Honours Chemistry or an Honours Sustainable Chemistry program; and permission of the academic supervisor and the course coordinator ( or designate) Not to be taken concurrently with a Co-op work term"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3I03",
      "title": "Industrial Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A systematic study of modern processes in the chemical industry, as well as their environmental impact and the role of emerging green chemistry technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "IV of a Chemical Engineering program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3II3",
      "title": "Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to transition metal chemistry, with focus on the relationships between structure, bonding, orbitals, properties, spectroscopy and applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3LA3",
      "title": "Strategies for Chemical Discovery",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced laboratory course emphasizing the principles of chemical research, including synthesis, analysis, characterization, and application of organic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CHEM 2LB3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3OA3",
      "title": "Organic Synthesis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of contemporary organic synthesis, including functional group manipulations, use of protecting groups, and strategic carbon-carbon bond forming reactions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3PA3",
      "title": "Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to quantum chemistry and its applications in spectroscopy and structure and unusual phenomena at the nanoscale.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2PC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3PC3"
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          {
            "kind": "all",
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "1ZC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3PC3",
      "title": "Mathematical Tools for Chemical Problems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to vector calculus, differential equations and linear algebra - including solving linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors - motivated by problems of chemical equilibrium and kin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2PC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3RC3",
      "title": "Radioisotopes in Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A systematic study of the use of radioactive isotopes and radiotracers in the physical and life sciences, including: radioisotope production; elucidating biochemical pathways using radiotracers; diagn",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3RC3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3RP3",
      "title": "Research Practicum in Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A one term research project undertaken in a chemistry laboratory during the fall, winter or summer term which requires the submission of a formal report.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of an Honours Chemistry or an Honours Sustainable Chemistry program; and permission of the academic supervisor and the course coordinator ( or designate) Not to be taken concurrently with a Co-op work term. The course may be repeated once, in a subsequent term, if the topic and project are different"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 3SC3",
      "title": "Sustainable Chemistry: Natural Resources and Energy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Energy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 2SC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2Q03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4AA3",
      "title": "Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Recent advances in analytical chemistry will include an introduction to chemometrics and multivariate analysis, as well as new developments in separation science and mass spectrometry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4D03",
      "title": "Organic Structure and Synthesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will focus on strategic carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions and their applications to both retrosynthetic analysis and total synthesis of complex organic molecules.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3OA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4G12",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis based on a research project under the direction of a member or associate member of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, or a member of the Chemical Biology Graduate Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Chemistry ( B.Sc.) or Honours Sustainable Chemistry ( B.A.Sc.) program and a GPA of at least 6.0; or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 4G09",
        "CHEM 4RP6",
        "ISCI 4A12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4IA3",
      "title": "Physical and Spectroscopic Methods for Inorganic Structure Determination",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Structural and spectroscopic methods such as multi-nuclear NMR, EPR, Msbauer and vibrational spectroscopies are covered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2II3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3II3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4IB3",
      "title": "Bio-Inorganic Chemistry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Inorganic elements and their behaviour in biological systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3II3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 4IB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4IC3",
      "title": "Solid State Inorganic Materials: Structures, Properties, Characterization",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "and Applications 3 unit(s) Structure-property relationships that form the basis for the technological applications of non molecular inorganic solids, including oxides, metals and intermetallic compoun",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2II3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3II3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4II3",
      "title": "Transition Metal Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Organometallic complexes and their reactivity, with a view towards catalyst design.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2II3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3II3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4OA3",
      "title": "Natural Products",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A description of basic building blocks and reaction mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of naturally occurring compounds.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3OA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 4OA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4OP3",
      "title": "Polymers and Organic Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamentals of polymer structure, and the structure-property relationships that enable polymer applications in a wide array of products.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 4OB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4PB3",
      "title": "Computational Models for Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Modern computational methods for studying atoms, molecules, and materials.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 3MM3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4Q03",
      "title": "Peer Tutoring in Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with practical experience in teaching in Chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMBIO 4Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4RP6",
      "title": "Research Project in Chemistry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A project supervised by a member or associate member of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology or a member of the Chemical Biology Graduate Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Chemistry ( B.Sc.) or Honours Sustainable Chemistry ( B.A.Sc.) and permission of the Department. Students are expected to have a Grade Point Average of at least 5.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 4G09",
        "CHEM 4G12",
        "ISCI 4A12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4SC3",
      "title": "Sustainable Chemistry - Introduction to Toxicology, and Human and",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Ecological Risk Assessment 3 unit(s) An introduction to sustainable chemistry concepts from the perspective of toxicology as: (1) a field for studying the beneficial and harmful effects of chemicals,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2SC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "CHEMBIO2Q03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEM 4W03",
      "title": "Natural and Synthetic Materials",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The microscopic origins of the macroscopic properties of materials including soft polymer and biological systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 3PB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 2A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Bio-Analytical Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introductory course covering basic principles of quantitative analysis of biological samples based on classical volumetric techniques and modern instrumental methods including spectroscopy and chro",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours Chemical Biology"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Biochemistry"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Biology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Chemical Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Life Sciences or Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2A03",
        "CHEM 2AA3",
        "CHEMBIO 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 2L03",
      "title": "Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory I: Biomolecular Interactions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will be introduced to the standard tools and techniques employed in Chemical Biology research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Honours Chemical Biology"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 2A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 2OD3",
      "title": "Organic Chemistry II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental reactions used to construct organic molecules, nucleophilic substitutions at carbonyl centres, biomolecules, and applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Chemical Biology ( B.Sc. )"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2OB3",
        "CHEM 2OD3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 2OG3",
      "title": "Organic Chemistry I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examines how structure affects properties and chemistry of organic molecules important for life, health, and advanced technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Chemical Biology ( B.Sc. )"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2OA3",
        "CHEM 2OC3",
        "CHEM 2OG3",
        "CHEMBIO 2OA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 2P03",
      "title": "Physical Chemistry Tools for Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Chemical thermodynamics and kinetics and their application to biological, chemical and environmental systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENVIRSC 2Q03",
        "CHEM 2P03",
        "ISCI 2A18"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 2Q03",
      "title": "Inquiry for Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to current Chemical Biology research, combined with developing skills in scientific writing and oral presentation, searching and analyzing the scientific literature and databases, scie",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Chemical Biology ( B.Sc.)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 2Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3AA3",
      "title": "Analytical Tools for Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Modern instrumental bioanalytical techniques will be examined, including atomic and molecular spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chromatography with emphasis on analytical design, data interpretation",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 3AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3BM3",
      "title": "Implanted Biomaterials",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the chemistry of implantable biomaterials (metals, ceramics, plastics, elastomers) and the methods used to characterize their physical properties.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours Chemical Biology program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 2E03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3BM3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3EP3",
      "title": "Advanced Chemical Biology Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This placement course provides students with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Chemical Biology program; and permission of the academic supervisor and the course coordinator ( or designate) Not to be taken concurrently with a Co-op work term"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3L03",
      "title": "Chemical Biology Laboratory II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A research project will be formulated and addressed using the tools of Chemical Biology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration inBIOSAFE 1BS0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2L03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOSAFE 1BS0"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3OA3",
      "title": "Organic Mechanistic Tools for Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Chemistry and biology of primary metabolism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3OB3",
      "title": "Structural Elucidation of Natural Products and Small Molecules",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Applications of spectroscopy detailing the use of NMR, MS, IR, and UV in determining structures of small molecules and biomolecules with a particular focus on natural products.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3P03",
      "title": "Biomolecular Interactions and Kinetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of macromolecule-macromolecule and small molecule-macromolecule interactions, including ligands and drugs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 3RP3",
      "title": "Research Practicum in Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A one term research project undertaken in a chemical biology laboratory during the fall, winter or summer term which requires the submission of a formal report.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Chemical Biology program; and permission of the academic supervisor and the course coordinator ( or designate) Not to be taken concurrently with a Co-op work term. The course may be repeated once, in a subsequent term, if the topic and project are different"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4A03",
      "title": "Bio-Analytical Chemistry and Assay Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced separation and detection principles for high-throughput bio-assays for drug targets, as well as recent global analytical strategies for genomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4G12",
      "title": "Senior Thesis in Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based on a major research project supervised by a member or associate member of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, or a member of the Chemical Biology Graduate Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of Honours Chemical Biology ( B.Sc.) and permission of the Department. Students are expected to have a Grade Point Average of at least 9.5"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMBIO 4G03",
        "CHEMBIO 4GG9",
        "CHEMBIO 4RP6",
        "ISCI 4A12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4IB3",
      "title": "Bio-Inorganic Chemistry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Inorganic elements and their behaviour in biological systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3II3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 4IB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4OA3",
      "title": "Natural Products",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A description of basic building blocks and reaction mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of naturally occurring compounds.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3OA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 4OA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4OB3",
      "title": "Medicinal Chemistry: Drug Design and Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics will include lead compound discovery strategies; high-throughput screening and ‘in silico’ screening; exploration of structure-activity relationships; drug targets and molecular mechanisms of d",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3OA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4Q03",
      "title": "Peer Tutoring in Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with practical experience in teaching in Chemical Biology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEM 4Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMBIO 4RP6",
      "title": "Research Project in Chemical Biology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A project supervised by a member or associate member of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, or a member of the Chemical Biology Graduate Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Chemical Biology ( B.Sc.) and permission of the Department. Students are expected to have a Grade Point Average of at least 5.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMBIO 4G03",
        "CHEMBIO 4GG9",
        "CHEMBIO 4G12",
        "ISCI 4A12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 2D04",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering Principles I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to Chemical Engineering as a profession.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any Chemical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 2DW1",
      "title": "Problem Solving Strategies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Developing problem solving awareness, planning strategies, creativity, analysis methods, interpersonal skills, and networks in the context of a themed team project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any Chemical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 2E04",
      "title": "Numerical Methods and Computing for Chemical Engineers",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Application of finite and discretized models for various chemical processing applications at steady and unsteady states.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level II or above in a Chemical Engineering program or level III or above in a Materials Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMENG 3E04",
        "ENGPHYS 2CE4",
        "ENGPHYS 3NM4",
        "CIVENG 2E03",
        "COMPENG 3SK3",
        "MECHENG 3F04",
        "COMPSCI 4X03",
        "MECHTRON 3X03",
        "SFWRENG 4X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 2F04",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering Principles II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Combined mass and energy balances in the steady and unsteady state.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CHEMENG 2D04"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 2O04",
      "title": "Fluid Mechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Properties of fluids; Instruments for measuring and controlling fluid flow; Macroscopic balances for mass, momentum, and energy; Basic principles and design procedures for turbomachinery; Introduction",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a Chemical Engineering, Materials Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2O04",
        "MECHENG 3O04",
        "ENGPHYS 3O04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3BK3",
      "title": "Bio-Reaction Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Kinetics of cellular processes, microbial processes and enzyme reactions including those of immobilized cells and enzymes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Chemical Engineering program or Integrated Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences ( iBioMed) Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3BM3",
      "title": "Bioseparations Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to bioseparations engineering, cell disintegration, precipitation based separation processes, extraction, adsorption, chromatography, centrifugal separations, filtration, membrane based s",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Chemical Engineering Program, or Integrated Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences ( iBioMed) Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3D04",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Thermodynamic properties of non-ideal fluids and multicomponent systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2F04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 2E04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3E04"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMENG 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3G04",
      "title": "Chemical Process Design and Simulation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Chemical process simulations including models for heat exchangers, separators, reactors, heat integration, pressure handling, energy conversion, and other unit operations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3E04"
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            ]
          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2F04"
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            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
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                "kind": "all",
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMENG 3A04"
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMENG 3M04"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3D04"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3D03"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3K04",
      "title": "Introduction to Reactor Design",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Writing and solving mass, mole and energy balances for multiple reactions in various process operations such as batch, CSTR, and plug flow reactors, considering a variety of configurations, including",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2ZZ3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2F04"
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3E04"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3D03"
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          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3L03",
      "title": "Intermediate Laboratory Skills",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Experiments and projects in heat transfer, thermodynamics, mass transfer and fluid mechanics with appropriate data analysis and report writing.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3D04"
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                "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3A04"
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            ]
          }
        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3P04",
      "title": "Process Control",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Transient behaviour of chemical processes.",
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        "kind": "all",
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                "kind": "raw",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3E04"
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 3K04"
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      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 4A03"
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    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3Q03",
      "title": "Introduction to Polymer Science",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of important synthetic and natural polymers and key concepts in polymer science, with an emphasis on polymer structure-property-application relationships.",
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        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of any engineering programs"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3TP6",
      "title": "Transport Phenomena",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will cover the principal physics of both heat and mass transfer including the principles of conservation of energy, a detailed study for how molecules move and mathematically modelling these scenarios.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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        "CHEMENG 3A04",
        "MATLS 3TP4",
        "MATLS 3LP3"
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    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 3U04",
      "title": "Unit Operations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering, Operational characteristics of physical and chemical sensors, statistics of sampling and analysis, measurement error and data acquisition theory.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any chemical engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
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                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMENG 3A04"
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMENG 3M04"
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      "antireqs": [
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        "CHEMENG 3I03"
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    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4A03",
      "title": "Energy Systems Engineering",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Assessments of current energy systems covering resources extraction, conversion, and delivery evaluated based on political, social, economic, and environmental criteria.",
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        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level IV or above of any engineering program"
      },
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    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4B03",
      "title": "Polymer Reaction Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Kinetics of polymerization: step-growth, chain-growth (free radical, anionic, anionic coordination, cationic, Ziegler- Natta polymerization), and Co-polymerization.",
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        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CHEMENG 3K04"
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4E03",
      "title": "Modern Methods for Process Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Modern process control strategies including model predictive control (MPC), requiring computer programming and making effective use of process models and empirical data.",
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        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CHEMENG 3P04"
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4EC3",
      "title": "Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental concepts of electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering, and electrochemical technologies, with a particular focus on sustainable energy conversion and storage applications.",
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        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level IV or above of any chemical or materials engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4G03",
      "title": "Optimization in Chemical Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Formulation of optimization programs for important engineering problems focusing on equipment design, economics, controls, operations, and scheduling.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2E04"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 3E04"
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4H03",
      "title": "Big Data Methods and Modeling in Chemical and Materials",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Engineering 3 unit(s) Review of multivariate statistics.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2QA3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3J04"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3J03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 3S03"
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4C03"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2A03"
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4K03",
      "title": "Reactor Design for Heterogeneous Systems: Principles and MachineLearning Perspective",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Handling reactor non-idealities such as presence of catalysts and non-ideal flow patterns.",
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        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "CHEMENG 3K04"
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      "title": "Advanced Laboratory Skills",
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      ],
      "description": "Experiments and projects in transport phenomena, reaction kinetics, reactor design and process control with appropriate data analysis and report writing.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "one",
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                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3L02"
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
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                    "kind": "course",
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMENG 3M04"
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                ]
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or above of any Chemical Engineering program"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4M03",
      "title": "Industrial Separation Processes",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Overview of industrial separation methods with focus on applications in the water and energy industries.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
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    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4N04",
      "title": "Engineering Economics and Problem Solving",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Economic decision making with capital and operating cost estimation, taxation, depreciation, profitability, payback, net present value, interest rates and sensitivity analysis.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 3G04"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the final level of any Chemical Engineering program"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 2B03",
        "ENGINEER 3PX3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4T03",
      "title": "Applications of Chemical Engineering in Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Applications of chemical engineering principles to biological systems and medical problems including examples from engineered biomaterials, biomaterial-induced host body response, tissue engineering,",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2E03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 4Y03"
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        ]
      },
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    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4TA3",
      "title": "Research and Practice in Engineering Education",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on mastery of core technical engineering skills with applications through student mentorship and teaching practicum, with demonstration of deeper understanding through lecture desi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of an Engineering program, and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4W06",
      "title": "Chemical Plant Design and Capstone Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Projects, often in cooperation with industry, usually involving steady-state design and computer simulation of an existing or new process.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the final level of any Chemical Engineering program"
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            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 4N04"
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          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4X03",
      "title": "Polymer Processing",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advancing the principles of laminar fluid mechanics by application to the field of polymer processing, stressing the development of models that describe flow in parallel and series.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3E04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3R03"
              },
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4Y04",
      "title": "Senior Independent Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A research and design project with students working independently under the direction of a Faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the final level of any Chemical Engineering program and a GPA of at least 9.5, and permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3I06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHEMENG 4Z03",
      "title": "Interfacial Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The physics and chemistry at the ‘nano’ scale including interactions forces, colloids, surface active systems, wetting, adhesion, and flocculation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of any Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CHINESE 1BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Chinese Language I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to basic spoken and written discourse skills in Chinese.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHINESE 1Z06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CHINESE 2BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Chinese Language II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of Chinese 1BL3, this course further develops foundational skills in spoken and written discourse skills in Chinese.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHINESE 1BL3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHINESE 1Z06"
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    },
    {
      "id": "CIVDEM 3CS3",
      "title": "Campaign School",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course offers an in-course and experiential learning experience in campaign and election management using a municipal, provincial or federal election as a case study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3EL3"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III Political Science ( or higher )"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "in the Interdisciplinary Minor in Civic Vitality"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Democracy"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3CS3"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVDEM 3EL3",
      "title": "Election Law and Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the politics, policy, and legal foundations of electoral systems in Canada and on a comparative basis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3EL3"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVDEM 3Z03",
      "title": "Canadian Public Sector Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the structures and processes of management in the Canadian public sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3Z03"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVDEM 4ED6",
      "title": "Partnered Learning in Elections and Democracy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course examines ways to strengthen electoral integrity, foster inclusive civic participation, and build democratic resiliency - whether in the local community, nationally, or in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Political Science or in the Interdisciplinary Minor in Civic Vitality, Democracy and Electoral Management"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 4EC6",
        "CIVDEM 4EC6",
        "POLSCI 4ED6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVDEM 4EM3",
      "title": "Elections Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course covers the general building blocks of election administration from voter registration to recounts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV Political Science or IBH or Commerce or in the Interdisciplinary Minor in Civic Vitality"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Democracy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4EM3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 4EM3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVENG 2A03",
      "title": "Surveying and Measurement for Transportation and Construction",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to measurement and computational techniques of surveying, the theory of measurement and errors, adjustment of observations; laboratory measurement and instrumentation with a focus on geom",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a Civil Engineering program; and credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2X03"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVENG 2B04",
      "title": "Principles of Environmental Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Sustainability, ecosystems and climate change; mass balance; reaction kinetics; reactor theory; water quality; water and wastewater treatment; solid waste management; air pollution control.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II Engineering or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVENG 2C04",
      "title": "Structural Mechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Review of stress/strain state and strain-displacement relations; plastic deformations and residual stresses due to axial loading and bending; torsion of noncircular and thin-walled sections; unsymmetr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2P04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 3A03"
      ]
    },
    {
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    },
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      "id": "CIVENG 2J03",
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      "id": "CIVENG 2O04",
      "title": "Fluid Mechanics",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a Civil"
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            "kind": "raw",
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        "MECHENG 2P04",
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      "id": "CIVENG 2X03",
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      "id": "CIVENG 3A03",
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      "id": "CIVENG 3B03",
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        "Winter"
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      "description": "Shear strength characteristics and failure criteria for soils; direct shear, triaxial, plane strain and field tests; earth pressure theory; bearing capacity theory; slope stability and embankment anal",
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        "Fall"
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      "id": "CIVENG 3J04",
      "title": "Reinforced Concrete Design",
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        "Winter"
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    },
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV"
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      "title": "Transit Modelling and Intelligent Transportation Systems",
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      "title": "Traffic Analysis: Theory and Simulation",
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    {
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    },
    {
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                "kind": "raw",
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            ]
          }
        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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            "kind": "raw",
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
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    },
    {
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        ]
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    },
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      "id": "CIVTECH 3TP3",
      "title": "Transportation Planning and Modelling",
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        "Summer"
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVTECH 4BC3",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVTECH 4LU3",
      "title": "Advanced Land Use Planning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly CIVTECH 3LU3.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 4SE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVTECH 4MH3",
      "title": "Hydraulic Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fluid mechanics applications in civil engineering.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVTECH 3FM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4TF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVTECH 4RC3",
      "title": "Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly CIVTECH 3RC3 Design by limit states methods to ensure adequate capacities for bending moment, shear and diagonal tension, axial force; and design to satisfy serviceability requirements.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVTECH 3SA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVTECH 3SA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVTECH 4SD3",
      "title": "Structural Steel Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Limit states design methods to ensure capacities for bending moment, shear and diagonal tension, axial force; serviceability requirements; failure analysis for common structural materials.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVTECH 3SA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CIVTECH 4WT3",
      "title": "Municipal and Environmental Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly CIVTECH 3WT3 Design, maintenance and rehabilitation of municipal water systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4TF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 1A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines communication and media industries, content, and audiences in historical, social, political, economic, technological, and cultural contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2AI3",
      "title": "Generative Artificial Intelligence: Human and Societal Impacts",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | This course will consider the human and societal implications of the widespread adoption of generative AI technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2BB3",
      "title": "Culture and Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to theoretical and methodological approaches to cultural studies focusing on communicative practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2DD3",
      "title": "Media Organizations",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the occupational, professional and organizational structures and processes of media production in the press, radio, television and digital media.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2EM3",
      "title": "Environmental Media",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to communication about the environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2G03",
      "title": "Performance and Performativity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the study of performative modes of communication such as storytelling, gesture, movement, dress.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IARTS 1T03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "THTRFLM 1T03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2H03",
      "title": "Gender and Performance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of gender as identities performed or constructed in complex social, historical and cultural processes and conditions, including how gender gives meaning to different performance texts,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WOMENST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENDRST 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "WOMENST 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "WOMENST 2J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2HM3",
      "title": "Human Communication",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines how humans engage in interpersonal communications using self, group, nonverbal, intercultural and workplace communicative methods.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2K03",
      "title": "Political Economy of the Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A comparative examination of changing patterns of ownership and control of the mass media in light of globalization, technological change, government policy, market restructuring and corporate consoli",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above; or registration in Level II or above of the Justice"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Political Philosophy"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2K03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 2EM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2LW3",
      "title": "Communication Policy and Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of communication law and policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a program in the Faculties of Humanites or Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 3I03",
        "POLSCI 2LW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2PR3",
      "title": "Public Relations: Principles and Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to fundamental skills, knowledge, theory and problem-solving techniques currently used in the practice of public relations, using the case study method.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2RA3",
      "title": "Application in Communication Theory and Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building from the theoretical and methodological foundations introduced in CMST 2TM6 , students develop, refine, and apply research skills in a comprehensive research project in community-informed and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CMST 2TM6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a program in Communication Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2A03",
        "CMST 2B03",
        "CMST 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2TM6",
      "title": "Foundations in Communication Theory and Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive introduction to communication research in an integrated format, where students learn about the research process, theoretical frameworks, epistemological questions, research questions,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a program in Communication Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2A03",
        "CMST 2B03",
        "CMST 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2XX3",
      "title": "Queer Popular Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "From music and comedy to social media and television, 2STLGBQIA+ people are more visible than ever in popular culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 2ZP3",
      "title": "Zip.Ping.Splat: Digital Ways of Doing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Digital tools are inflected with cultural, aesthetic and political meaning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3B03",
      "title": "Practical Aspects of Media Production",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Through an experiential work placement and coursework, students develop professional skills, explore career options, and connect their course learning with real-life communications and media workplaces.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of a program in Communication Studies, Media Arts, or Multimedia with a Grade Point Average of at least 8.5 and permission of the Instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3CY3",
      "title": "Children, Youth, and Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the relationship between media and diverse childhoods and youth, and takes up central debates, theories, and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Communication Studies, Media Arts, Multimedia, Peace Studies, or Global Peace and Social Justice"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2EE3",
        "PEACJUST 3CY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3DG3",
      "title": "Digital Storytelling",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course conceptualizes digital storytelling as a tool for activism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3DJ3",
      "title": "Digital Justice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the relationship between technology, power and social justice through anti-oppressive theories, actions, practices and strategies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3HC3",
      "title": "History of Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of communication history with attention to the Canadian context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Communication Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2CC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3II3",
      "title": "Intellectual Property",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of intellectual property from a practical/legal perspective, and in broader context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above; or registration in Level III or above of the Justice"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Political Philosophy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3IP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3JJ3",
      "title": "The Rise of the Music Industry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the role of early media, technology, performance and business practices in the development of popular music styles, audiences and cultural meanings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3K03",
      "title": "Media Audiences and Effects",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the media/audience relationship in light of different theories of media effects including social learning, agenda-setting, uses and gratifications, active audiences and cultivation a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Communication Studies, Media Arts, or Multimedia"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3PM3",
      "title": "Public Memory, Media, and African Diaspora Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course considers the role of public space and institutions in communicating and commemorating Black history and in fostering ongoing Black freedom struggles in Canada and the diaspora, including",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3RR3",
      "title": "Race, Religion, and Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines historical constructions of different races and religions in the media, primarily film, television and the press, and asks how these constructions may manifest themselves in conte",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PEACJUST 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PEACJUST 1VM3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PEACJUST 3RR3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3S03",
      "title": "Television and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine television as a socio-cultural and political phenomenon.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Communication Studies, Media Arts, or Multimedia"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3SC3",
      "title": "Strategic Communications",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Informed by community engagement principles, students learn the key elements of strategic communications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CMST 2PR3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3SM3",
      "title": "Building Publics Using Social Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Survey of social media tools available to communications practitioners.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3WC3",
      "title": "World Cinemas: Critical Media Approaches",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course takes a critical media studies approach to world cinema as a concept, critical media category, aesthetics, technology, and discursive repertoire of diverse global traditions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Communication Studies, Multimedia, Media Arts, Theatre & Film, Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3WR3",
      "title": "Professional Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers instruction on a variety of professional communication formats and styles in a variety of media and communication contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 3Z03",
      "title": "Mobile Practices, Technologies and Art",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Mobility is explored as a concept informing communication technology development, the notion of the ideal consumer/citizen, and as an artistic device.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4A03",
      "title": "Independent Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Under the supervision of a Faculty Advisor students will complete an independent, original research project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies with a Grade Point Average of at least 9.0; Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4D03",
      "title": "International Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The relationship between globalization and the media is examined in light of the debates over cultural imperialism, information and technology flow, cultural hybridization and the media’s impact on so",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies; Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4E03",
      "title": "Media and Promotionalism",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the media’s role in the promotion of different interests, values and patterns of behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies; Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4M03",
      "title": "Communication, Culture and Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course surveys social patterns of reception and adaptation of communication technologies and their interaction with cultural constructions of (gendered) bodies, everyday life, organization of spa",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies; Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4N03",
      "title": "The News",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "News is central to an informed society and to a well-functioning democracy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies; Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4P03",
      "title": "Social Activism and the Media",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the role of print, electronic and digital media in the relationship between social movements, the state and corporate interests.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies; Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4SC3",
      "title": "Strategic Communications Leadership",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Informed by community engagement principles, students learn the role of leadership and management in strategic communications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 3SC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies. Departmental permission required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMST 4X03",
      "title": "Communications for Campaigns and Elections",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of tools, tactics and strategies employed by communications practitioners, strategists and managers during campaigns and elections.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in Communication Studies; Departmental permission required Community Engagement"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 2A03",
      "title": "Foundations of Community Engagement",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Regardless of your degree, you will be a member of many communities your workplace, your professional group, your neighbourhood, your city, your country, the world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above. Priority will be given to students in Level II"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 1AD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 2MC3",
      "title": "Design and Creation of Engaged Learning for Community Youth",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students work in teams to produce interactive workshops for young people (ages 7 to 14) in the Hamilton community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 2MD3",
      "title": "Community-Based Learning with McMaster Children and Youth",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "University 3 unit(s) In partnership with the McMaster Children and Youth University (MCYU), students will take inquiry-based learning activities into Hamilton community schools, community centres and libraries.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Enrollment in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMTYENGA 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMTYENGA 2MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 1AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 3A03",
      "title": "The Art of Change",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course will equip students with the skills and tools they need to support and lead change-based initiatives for a better world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 3E03",
      "title": "Community Engagement in Practice with Empowerment Squared",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students collaborate with Hamilton-based community organization Empowerment Squared to explore the UBUNTU philosophy of human interdependence and community, learn about culturally responsive approache",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 4A06",
      "title": "Semester at CityLAB: Design and Dialogue Inquiry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Semester at CityLAB (composed of both CMTYENGA 4A06 - Design and Dialogue Inquiry and CMTYENGA 4A09 - Semester at CityLAB: Applied Project Experience ) is a project based experiential class where stud",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMTYENGA 4B06",
        "INSPIRE 4B06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 4A09",
      "title": "Semester at CityLAB: Applied Project Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Semester at CityLAB (composed of both CMTYENGA 4A06 - Semester at CityLAB: Design and Dialogue Inquiry and CMTYENGA 4A09 Applied Project Experience) is a project based experiential class where student",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMTYENGA 4B06",
        "INSPIRE 4B06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 4B06",
      "title": "Urban Innovation and Policy with CityLAB",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Intensive experience where students work in interdisciplinary teams on real-world challenges originating from Hamilton city staff or community organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above Required Components: Lecture"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "M-F"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INSPIRE 4B06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "CMTYENGA 4MM3",
      "title": "Collaborative Learning with Young People: An Applied Approach",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is focused on community engaged education and the MCYU pedagogy of directly involving young people in the design and delivery of their learning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 1AD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMTYENGA 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMTYENGA 2MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMTYENGA 2MD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3RW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1AA3",
      "title": "Introductory Financial Accounting",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This is an introduction to the basic principles and practices of financial accounting, which includes an examination of income measurement and asset and liability valuation, to provide an understandin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 1AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1B03",
      "title": "Business Environment & Organization",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine the relationship between business organizations, their functional areas and the environments - social, political, legal, regulatory and technological - that affect them.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I or above in any Humanities, Social Sciences, Health Sciences, or Science program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 1E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1BA3",
      "title": "Organizational Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The central objective of this course is to develop an understanding of human behaviour in organizations with a view toward effective management of such behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 1BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1DA3",
      "title": "Business Data Analytics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The main emphasis will be on the applications of statistical data analysis in business.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTSSCI 2R03",
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "HTHSCI 2GG3",
        "IBH 2AD3",
        "PNB 3XE3",
        "SOCSCI 2J03",
        "STATS 2B03",
        "STATS 2MB3",
        "STATS 3J04",
        "STATS 3Y03",
        "ECON 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1DE0",
      "title": "Business I Orientation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with information and activities to facilitate their successful transition to university and success in the Business Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Business I"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1E03",
      "title": "Business Environment and Organization",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the relationship between business organizations, their functional areas and the environments - social, political, legal, regulatory and technological - that affect them.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 1AB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1GR0",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides experiential activities for students to develop (or enhance) and apply foundational knowledge of highly sought skills in the workplace such as critical thinking, collaboration, co",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I or above in any Bachelor of Commerce Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 1TS0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1GR1",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides experiential activities for students to develop (or enhance) and apply foundational knowledge of highly sought skills in the workplace such as critical thinking, collaboration, co",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I or above in any Bachelor of Commerce Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1MA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This foundation course introduces the basic principles and frameworks of marketing emphasizing the importance of a focus on the customer.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2MA3",
        "IBH 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1TS0",
      "title": "Orientation for New Transfer Students",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A series of workshops designed to equip students with the tools necessary to successfully navigate the rules and resources of the Commerce program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Business I or an Honours Bachelor of Commerce Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 1GR0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 1WT0",
      "title": "Commerce Co-op Work Term I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved work term providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2CO0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "completion of Level 1"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "on permission of the Senior Manager of Career and Professional Development"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2AB3",
      "title": "Managerial Accounting I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to concepts underlying the use of cost accounting information for managerial planning and control and for inventory valuation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3FS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "GENTECH 3FF3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any four"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "five level program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "applicable minor"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 2BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2BC3",
      "title": "Human Resource Management and Labour Relations",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on COMMERCE 1BA3 , focusing on human resource management and labour relations issues and practices from a general management education perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WORKLABR 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "WORKLABR 1E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any four"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "five level program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "applicable minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 2AC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2CO0",
      "title": "Co-op and Career Development Course",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This co-op and career development course will introduce students to the theory, practices and policies of co-operative education.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of a Bachelor of Commerce with Co-op Program or Permission of the Senior Manager of Career and Professional Development"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2DA3",
      "title": "Decision Making with Analytics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course will study five widely used quantitative management science tools (problem modelling, linear programming, decision analysis, simulation, and waiting lines) used in business data analytics w",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent; and registration in any four"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "five level program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "applicable minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 3QA3",
        "IBH 2AD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2FA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the main instruments and institutions in the Canadian financial system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MATH 1Z04"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any four"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "five level program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "applicable minor"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 2I03",
        "ENGINEER 2B03",
        "IBH 2BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2FB3",
      "title": "Managerial Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines various aspects of the financial management of the firm including the sources and methods of financing, capital structure, dividend policy, leasing, mergers and acquisitions, work",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 2EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGINEER 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any four"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "five level program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "applicable minor"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 3FA3",
        "IBH 3AC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2GR0",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on COMMERCE 1GR0 A/B and continues to provide experiential activities for students to develop (or enhance) and apply foundational knowledge of highly sought skills in the workplace",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1GR0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1TS0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Honours Bachelor of Commerce Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2GR1",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course builds on COMMERCE 1GR1 and continues to provide experiential activities for students to develop (or enhance) and apply foundational knowledge of highly sought skills in the workplace such",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1GR1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1TS0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Honours Bachelor of Commerce Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2IN0",
      "title": "Career Development Course",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A Career Development course designed to equip students with the tools necessary to successfully participate in summer and full time job searches.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "COMMERCE 1GR1"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2KA3",
      "title": "Information Systems in Management",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course emphasizes the strategic role of information systems in modern business.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any four or five level program or applicable minor ( see Faculty Note 2.)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 2AB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2MA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Marketing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces the conceptual underpinnings and operational facets of marketing with a primarily consumer (as opposed to industrial) focus.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any four"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "five level program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "applicable minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2NG3",
      "title": "Negotiations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The purpose of this course is to provide students with foundational knowledge on the theories and practice of negotiation and its sub-processes; they will also learn important skills on the use of str",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any four"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "five level program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "applicable minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 3S03",
        "IBH 3AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2OC3",
      "title": "Operations Management",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course will cover both manufacturing and service operations topics at the strategic, tactical and operational levels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent; and registration in any four"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "five level program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "applicable minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 4QA3",
        "IBH 2BC3",
        "IBH 3BE3",
        "MECHENG 4C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2QA3",
      "title": "Applied Statistics for Business",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the application of statistical analysis in managerial decision-making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Finite Math"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Mathematics of Data Management U or equivalent"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 1L03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any four"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "five level program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "applicable minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTSSCI 2R03",
        "ECON 2B03",
        "ELECENG 3TQ3",
        "ENGPHYS 3W04",
        "HTHSCI 1F03",
        "HTHSCI 2A03",
        "IBH 2AD3",
        "NURSING 2R03",
        "SOCSCI 2J03",
        "STATS 1CC3",
        "STATS 2B03",
        "STATS 2MB3",
        "STATS 3J04",
        "STATS 3N03",
        "STATS 3Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 2WT0",
      "title": "Commerce Co-op Work Term II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved work term providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Senior Manager of Career and Professional Development"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3AB3",
      "title": "Intermediate Financial Accounting I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A first course in intermediate financial accounting dealing with the theory and practice of financial statement preparation and reporting.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3AC3",
      "title": "Intermediate Financial Accounting II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A second course in intermediate financial accounting dealing with reporting issues that relate to liabilities and owners’ equity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3DA3",
      "title": "Predictive Analytics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to introduce the basics of predictive analytics to undergraduate students.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2DA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3QA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FA3",
      "title": "Managerial Finance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines various aspects of the financial management of the firm including the sources and methods of financing, capital structure, dividend policy, leasing, mergers and acquisitions, work",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Honours Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Actuarial and Financial Mathematics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "four or five-level non-Commerce program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 3AC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FB3",
      "title": "Securities Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course is concerned with the analysis of marketable securities, especially common stocks.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FC3",
      "title": "International Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides a framework for examining financial management decisions in an international setting.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FD3",
      "title": "Financial Modelling",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an introduction to financial modelling with MS-Excel and Python.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FH3",
      "title": "Alternative Investments and Portfolio Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to a wide range of alternative investments, including hedge funds, private equity, commodities, real estate, and infrastructure.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FI3",
      "title": "Market Trading with Options and Futures",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This experiential course develops practical skills in trading financial securities - money market instruments, bonds, equities, indices, ETFs, currencies, commodities, and their corresponding derivati",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FK3",
      "title": "Intermediate Corporate Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide an overview of the theory, methods and concerns of Corporate Finance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FL3",
      "title": "Sustainable and Social Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will discuss how financial markets can play a socially-beneficial role.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FM3",
      "title": "The History of Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the emergence, evolution, and future of the tools and organizations that make modern finance possible.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3FN3",
      "title": "Big Data in Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces business students to the applications of data science, its key statistical tools, and the underlying technology to large datasets in the finance area.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Engineering and Management program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3GR0",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development III",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on COMMERCE 2GR0 and continues to provide experiential activities for students to develop (or enhance) and apply foundational knowledge of highly sought skills in the workplace such",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2GR0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Honours Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Bachelor of Commerce Programs"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3GR2",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development III",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course builds on COMMERCE 2GR1 and continues to provide experiential activities for students to develop (or enhance) and apply foundational knowledge of highly sought skills in the workplace such",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2GR1"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Honours Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Bachelor of Commerce Programs"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3KA3",
      "title": "System Analysis and Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the role of the system analyst in today’s business environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2KA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3KD3",
      "title": "Database Design Management and Applications",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to introduce the basic concepts of database design, implementation and management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2KA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 1D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent preparation with permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3KE3",
      "title": "Management of Enterprise Data Analytics and Artificial",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Intelligence 3 unit(s) This course provides students with an overview of enterprise data analytics and an introduction to the concepts which underlie its effective deployment and management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2KA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3MA3",
      "title": "Marketing Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the effective obtaining, communicating and using of competitive and market intelligence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "COMMERCE 1DA3"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "COMMERCE 2QA3"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2MB3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 3N03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Engineering and Management program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "relevant minor"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3MB3",
      "title": "Consumer Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines why people buy, ways of satisfying consumer needs more effectively and the creation of communications that will influence consumers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3MC3",
      "title": "Applied Marketing Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Builds upon material in COMMERCE 1MA3 (or 2MA3 ) but is more applied in nature and covers the marketing mix in greater depth.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 3AB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3MD3",
      "title": "Introduction to Contemporary Applied Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to key marketing principles and concepts and explore their practical applications in business situations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 1MA3",
        "COMMERCE 2MA3",
        "COMMERCE 3MC3",
        "IBH 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3QA3",
      "title": "Management Science for Business",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is a study of analytical approaches that assist managerial decision-making; it provides coverage of decision theory and an introduction to optimization methods, computer simulation and the",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2QA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AD3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 3TQ3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3TQ4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3W04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3W04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Management program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2DA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3S03",
      "title": "Management Skills Development",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The purpose of this course is to provide the necessary cognitive and behavioural skills that students need to develop themselves as competent managers through the acquisition and practice of personal,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 3AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 3WT0",
      "title": "Commerce Co-op Work Term III",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved work term providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Senior Manager of Career and Professional Development"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4AA3",
      "title": "Managerial Accounting II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A consideration of advanced topics in management planning and control including cost behaviour determination, production planning, innovation in costing, cost allocations, variance analysis and perfor",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4AC3",
      "title": "Advanced Financial Accounting",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced accounting course considering specific problems of accounting for the corporate entity, such as, business combinations, intercorporate investments, consolidated financial statements, accou",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4AD3",
      "title": "Introduction to Auditing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the attest function in accounting including ethical, legal, and statutory influences in the development of auditing standards.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4AF3",
      "title": "Accounting Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A review of accounting theory as a background for applying underlying concepts to current accounting problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4AK3",
      "title": "Accounting Information for Decision Making",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the basic principles in financial and managerial accounting as well as the use of accounting information in decision making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 1AA3",
        "COMMERCE 2AB3",
        "IBH 1AA3",
        "IBH 2BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BB3",
      "title": "Recruitment and Selection",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course exposes students to staffing issues in the Canadian context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce Labour Studies"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Engineering and Management program or relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BC3",
      "title": "Collective Bargaining",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the nature, determinants, and impact of collective bargaining in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2NG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LABRST 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any four"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "five level program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BD3",
      "title": "Settlement of Industrial Disputes",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The nature and the role of industrial conflict as well as the techniques which have been developed to control the incidence of conflict in union-management situations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LABRST 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Labour Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4BC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BE3",
      "title": "Strategic Compensation/Reward Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Key issues in designing effective pay systems are discussed.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Labour Studies or Engineering and Management program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BF3",
      "title": "Labour Law and Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An analysis of the concepts and fundamentals of Canadian labour law and analysis of Canadian labour policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LABRST 3C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BG3",
      "title": "Public Sector Collective Bargaining",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines unionization and collective bargaining for employees in the public sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4BC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BI3",
      "title": "Training and Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides a framework for establishing, revising and examining training programs in organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Labour Studies or Engineering and Management program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BK3",
      "title": "The Management of Technology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the innovative management of technology including the integration of the firm and technology strategy, external sourcing of technology and the internationalization of technology management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BL3",
      "title": "Occupational Health and Safety Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course enhances students’ knowledge on managing occupational health and safety, teaches research skills, and assists students in developing strategies for creating healthy workplaces.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BM3",
      "title": "Strategic Human Resource Planning",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an understanding of the essential elements of Human Resource Planning processes in organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Labour Studies or Engineering and Management program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BN3",
      "title": "Leadership Development",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This highly participative learning portfolio-based course on Leadership focuses on the potential for personal and professional growth of the student.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 4BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BP3",
      "title": "Principles of Leadership",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course reviews the key concepts, approaches, models and theories of leadership.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BQ3",
      "title": "Social Entrepreneurship",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course offers a practical introduction for students interested in the increasingly popular phenomenon of social entrepreneurship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce Labour Studies"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 3BA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4BX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Human Resource Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Various topics in Human Resource Management are considered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4CA3",
      "title": "Managing and Promoting Health and Healthcare Services",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides coverage through a health lens of Social Marketing, Strategy, Segmentation and Targeting, Consumer Behaviour, Marketing Research and Ethical Issues, the ‘4Ps’ and Controlling/Moni",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4CB3",
      "title": "Health Care Systems: Management, Policy, and Innovation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course takes students behind the scenes of health care systems to examine how management and policy decisions shape outcomes for patients, providers, and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4DA3",
      "title": "Modelling and Prescriptive Analytics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will enable students to gain familiarity with analytics, and then develop a comprehensive understanding of prescriptive analytics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 4QA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant Minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4EL3",
      "title": "Experiential Learning in Business",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course is defined as a structured experiential learning based project that a student undertakes under the supervision of a faculty member, with the authorization of the Associate Dean (Academic),",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Bachelor of Commerce or Engineering and Management program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FA3",
      "title": "Applied Corporate Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the application of financial theory to a variety of problems in corporate finance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FB3",
      "title": "Valuation for Finance Professionals",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The goal of the course is to build students’ skills and confidence in answering the question: ‘What is a company worth?’ Through the use of case analysis (supplemented with lecture-based background ma",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FC3",
      "title": "Ethics and Professional Practice in Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the practices and codes of conduct involved in the finance function.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FD3",
      "title": "Financial Institutions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines, from a managerial perspective, the major types of financial institutions in Canada: chartered banks, trust companies, insurance companies, investment banks and other institutional investors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Actuarial Financial Mathematics program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FE3",
      "title": "Options and Futures",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides an integrated approach to understanding the relations between options, futures, and their underlying assets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Actuarial and Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FF3",
      "title": "Portfolio Theory and Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course offers an advanced treatment of investment decision-making and the role of financial markets in pricing securities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Actuarial Financial Mathematics program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FG3",
      "title": "Financial Theory",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the theoretical foundations of finance and their applications to corporate finance policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 3G03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Actuarial and Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FH3",
      "title": "Mergers, Acquisitions and Corporate Control",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the process by which mergers and other types of corporate control transactions take place, and the role of restructuring shifts in resource allocation by corporations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FJ3",
      "title": "Fixed Income Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an advanced treatment of investments in the field of fixed income analysis and focuses on fixed income securities, fixed income portfolio management and fixed income derivatives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FK3",
      "title": "Financial Statement Analysis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the analysis of financial statements as an aid to decision making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FL3",
      "title": "Personal Financial Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course covers various topics that are relevant to the financial decision making of individuals.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Actuarial and Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FM3",
      "title": "Personal Financial Planning and Advising",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will examine financial planning concepts by undertaking a major integrative project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 4FL3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "COMMERCE 4FP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Actuarial and Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FN3",
      "title": "Financial Risk Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides a systematic and advanced treatment of financial risk management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management or Actuarial Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FO3",
      "title": "Small Business and Entrepreneurial Finance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is intended for students who wish to enhance their skills and knowledge in those areas of business that lead to successful entrepreneurship and/or small business management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FP3",
      "title": "Personal Finance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A major objective of the course is to provide students with the tools and skills needed to make sound financial decisions throughout their lives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 4FL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FQ3",
      "title": "Working Capital Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course will apply the principles and concepts of financial theory to problems and decisions associated with short- term (working) capital and how it affects firm liquidity, default risk and shareholder wealth.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FR3",
      "title": "Insurance and Risk Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course covers different types of insurance, including life, health and disability, home, property and automobile insurance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management or Actuarial and Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FS3",
      "title": "Pension, Retirement and Estate Planning",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course examines financial needs at retirement including inflation and taxation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2I03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2BB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management or Actuarial Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FT3",
      "title": "Real Estate Finance and Investment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Concepts and techniques introduced in the course include investing, financing, appraising, consulting, managing real estate portfolios, leasing, managing property, analyzing site locations and managin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FU3",
      "title": "Behavioural Finance: The Psychology of Markets",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the emerging field of behavioural finance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Actuarial and Financial Mathematics program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FV3",
      "title": "Venture Capital",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on financing and value creation strategies for early- and growth-stage companies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FW3",
      "title": "Finance for Entrepreneurs",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is intended for students who wish to enhance their skills and knowledge in those areas of business that lead to successful entrepreneurship and/or small business management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Students in Level III or above in a non-Commerce program or relevant minor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 4FO3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Finance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Various topics in Finance are considered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FY3",
      "title": "Introduction to FinTech",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course provides a broad overview of the financial technology (FinTech) industry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4FZ3",
      "title": "Islamic Finance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "With rapid globalization, the world economy is becoming increasingly integrated across countries and societies with divergent economic practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4GR3",
      "title": "DeGroote Student Experience and Development IV",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on the knowledge, skills, and experiences gained through the GR0 series and required Commerce courses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3GR0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Honours Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Bachelor of Commerce Programs"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4IA0",
      "title": "Internship 1",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved internship providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2IN0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Manager of Student Experience - Career"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Professional Development This course will be evaluated on a complete/incomplete basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4IB0",
      "title": "Internship 2",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved internship providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2IN0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4IA0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Manager of Student Experience - Career"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Professional Development This course will be evaluated on a complete/incomplete basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4IC0",
      "title": "Internship 3",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved internship providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2IN0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4IA0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4IB0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Manager of Student Experience - Career"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Professional Development This course will be evaluated on a complete/incomplete basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4ID0",
      "title": "Internship Final Term",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved internship providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2IN0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4IA0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4IB0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Manager of Student Experience - Career"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Professional Development This course will be evaluated on a pass/fail basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4KF3",
      "title": "Project Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics include: project selection, project organization structures, life cycles, planning, estimation, budgeting, resource allocation, contracting, project management software, reporting and controlli",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above in any Bachelor of Commerce or Engineering and Management program or relevant minor ( see Faculty Note 2.)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 4QF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4KG3",
      "title": "Data Mining For Business Analytics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Business Analytics (BA) is a technology-driven process for analysing data and presenting actionable information to help corporate executives, business managers and other end users make more informed business decisions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 2AD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent; and registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4KH3",
      "title": "Strategies for Electronic and Mobile Business",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the strategic issues that the modern business manager must deal with in making strategic decisions concerning the choice, implementation and execution of electronic and mobile busin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2KA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4KI3",
      "title": "Business Process Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course enables students to learn about the methodologies used in business process management and related information technologies in support of process innovation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2KA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4KX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Information Systems",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Various topics in information systems are considered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2KA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IBH 2AB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Engineering and Management program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MA3",
      "title": "Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course introduces learners to the strategic role of advertising and its various forms - print, radio, television, social, experiential, events, viral and consumer generated content - in effective marketing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MC3",
      "title": "New Product Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the management of new products from the idea stage through to product launch with a strong practical orientation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MD3",
      "title": "Business Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of business marketing including: derived demand, vendor analysis, the multiple buying unit, value analysis, competitive bidding, industrial design, key accounts, and trade shows.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4ME3",
      "title": "Sales Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Cases, presentations, field work, library research, role playing and group exercises help to understand customers, the selling process, sales presentations, negotiation, legal and ethical responsibili",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "eligible B.Tech Degree Completion Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MF3",
      "title": "Retailing Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will familiarize students with key managerial and policy issues involved in the design, implementation and assessment of the retail mix.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MG3",
      "title": "Strategic Philanthropy and Leadership",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this course you will learn about the philanthropic sector in Canada through the hands-on process of granting over $10,000 to a local charity(s).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any four or five year program; or Instructor permission"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MH3",
      "title": "Digital Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The purpose of this course is to explore cutting edge marketing strategies and tactics in a dynamic e-commerce environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4MI3",
      "title": "Marketing Analytics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Marketing departments are increasingly utilizing data routinely collected by their organizations to improve marketing decision making and more effectively allocate resources.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 1MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "eligible B.Tech Degree Completion Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4OB3",
      "title": "Analysis of Production/Operations Problems",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of analytical approaches to problems in the field of production/operations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3BE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4OD3",
      "title": "Purchasing and Supply Management",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will gain skills that are necessary to manage purchasing operations in the private and public sectors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3BE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4OI3",
      "title": "Supply Chain Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Supply chain, the network of materials, information and money, has become a key dimension in business competition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3BE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 2BC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4OT3",
      "title": "Transportation and Warehousing Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Transportation and warehousing play a critical role in the supply chain and the economy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2DA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3QA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4PA3",
      "title": "Business Policy: Strategic Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "As the capstone to the program, this case course is designed to unify the student’s learning experience by exploring the formulation and implementation of corporate strategy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV of any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level V Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 3BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4QA3",
      "title": "Operations Modelling and Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A course that looks at productions and operations management as practiced in engineering and manufacturing industries and the services sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3W04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechanical Engineering program; or registration in Level IV or V of any Engineering Physics program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2OC3",
        "IBH 2BC3",
        "IBH 3BE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4QX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Operations Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Various topics in operations management are considered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2OC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 3BE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 2BC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 4QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering & Management program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SA3",
      "title": "International Business",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The key features of, and trends in, the global business environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV of any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level V of any Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with instructor permission"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SB3",
      "title": "Introduction to Canadian Taxation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The principles of Canadian federal income taxation are examined in detail, emphasizing the application of both statute and common law to individuals’ and businesses’ situations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SC3",
      "title": "Advanced Canadian Taxation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course continues the study of Canadian federal income taxation with an in-depth coverage of selected provisions of the Income Tax Act pertaining to business activities, particularly the activities of corporations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 4SB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SD3",
      "title": "Commercial Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course emphasizes those areas of law which are most relevant to business activity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above and in any Bachelor of Commerce or Engineering and Management program or Level IV of the Justice, Political Philosophy, and Law Program or relevant minor ( see Faculty Note 2.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SE3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The problems and experiences encountered in starting and developing new enterprises will be studied.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3FA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBH 3AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Bachelor of Commerce"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering and Management program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "relevant minor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "see Faculty Note 2"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SG3",
      "title": "Sustainability: Corporations and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The goal of this course is to familiarize students with a variety of sustainability related concepts including the triple bottom line, resilience, stakeholder engagement, the tragedy of the commons, s",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a four or five year program or instructor permission"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SH3",
      "title": "Case Analysis and Presentation Skills",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Cases allow students to directly apply and integrate theories from various business disciplines to real-world situations/problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above in any Bachelor of Commerce or Engineering and Management program or relevant minor ( see Note 5)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SI3",
      "title": "Innovation for Social Impact",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students the opportunity to learn and apply social innovation skills in the non-profit sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCSCI 4SI3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMAN 4SI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WILSON 4SI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SM3",
      "title": "Sports Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course emphasizes management principles as they relate to the business of sports.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SX3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Strategic Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Various topics in business are considered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above in any Bachelor of Commerce or Engineering and Management program or relevant minor ( see Faculty Note 2.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4SY3",
      "title": "Independent Study in Business",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Faculty supervised research project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "To be determined by the supervising faculty member and registration in level III or above in any Honours Bachelor of Commerce or Engineering and Management program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMMERCE 4WT0",
      "title": "Commerce Co-op Work Term IV",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Full-time paid employment in an approved work term providing students with work experience related to their academic curriculum.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 3WT0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Senior Manager of Career and Professional Development Communication Studies Note Regarding Level IV Seminars Level IV Communication Studies seminars are open only to students registered in Level IV of an Honours program in Communication Studies. The Department is only able to offer a selection of the courses listed below each year. As course size is limited"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "seminar places in each course will be allotted in March of every year for the succeeding session. It is essential that students apply early to the Department for the seminars they wish to take. Courses in Communication Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPENG 2CF3",
      "title": "Circuits and Waves",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced circuit analysis; sinusoids and complex numbers; Laplace transforms with applications; frequency response; 2-port networks; fundamentals of wave propagation; transmission lines and impedance",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 2CI5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 2CI4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ELECENG 2FH3",
        "ELECENG 2FH4",
        "ELECENG 2FL3",
        "ELECENG 2CF3",
        "ELECENG 2CJ4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPENG 2DI4",
      "title": "Logic Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Binary numbers and codes; Boolean algebra; combinational circuit design; electrical properties of logic circuits; sequential circuit design; computer arithmetic; programmable logic; CPU organization a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a program in Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Physics ( Photonics Engineering Stream), Physics, or Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( iBioMed)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPSCI 2MF3",
        "SFWRENG 2DA4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPENG 2DX3",
      "title": "Microprocessor Systems Project",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Microprocessor systems, introduction to the design process, project development by small teams of students, oral presentations and engineering report writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPENG 2SH4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPENG 2DI4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 2CI5"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 2CI4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPENG 2DP4",
        "COMPENG 2DX4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPENG 2SH4",
      "title": "Principles of Programming",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental concepts of programming languages: data types, assignment, control constructs, basic data structures, iteration, recursion, exceptions; imperative and object-orientated paradigms; composin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 1D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGINEER 1P13"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a program in Electrical"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Computer Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( iBioMed ) program"
          }
        ]
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      },
      "antireqs": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4FP3",
      "title": "Functional Programming",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A selection of topics in advanced functional programming (focusing on Haskell and its derivatives).",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2LC3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2DM3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2DM3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2ME3"
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                "kind": "course",
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          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPSCI 3FP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4GM3",
      "title": "Generative Modeling",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction to deep generative modeling, in particular image and language generative models: Review of neural networks, evaluating generative models, deep autoregressive models, generative adversaria",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2C03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 2C03"
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            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2ME3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 2AA4"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 3S03"
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          {
            "kind": "all",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4C03"
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                "kind": "course",
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 4AL3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 4NL3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 4AL3"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4HC3",
      "title": "Human Computer Interfaces",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Design of user interfaces.",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2C03"
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            "kind": "course",
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    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4IS3",
      "title": "Information Security",
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      "description": "Basic principles of information security; threats and defences; cryptography; introduction to network security and security management.",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2AC3"
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                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2FA3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2FA3"
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 3SH3"
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 3BB4"
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 4C03"
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          }
        ]
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      "antireqs": [
        "COMPSCI 3IS3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4ML3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Machine Learning",
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        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Regression, Classification and Decision Theory, Bias-Variance Trade-off, Linear Models, Kernel Methods, Probabilistic Models, Neural Networks, Model Aggregation, Unsupervised Learning.",
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        "kind": "all",
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          {
            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2C03"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2MD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MD3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
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                ]
              }
            ]
          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 3S03"
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                "kind": "all",
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                    "kind": "course",
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                    "kind": "course",
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                    "kind": "course",
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                    "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 4TE3"
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 4TE3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 4X03"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPENG 4SL3",
        "COMPENG 4SL4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4NL3",
      "title": "Natural Language Processing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Overview of natural language processing with a focus on recent developments: Basics of data processing and machine learning in the context of NLP, text classification and sequence labeling, vector sem",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2C03"
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            "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MD3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1B03"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZC3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
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    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4O03",
      "title": "Linear Optimization",
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      ],
      "description": "Modelling and solutions for engineering and science problems using linear optimization, including networks, transportation, assignment, and scheduling problems.",
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        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "COMPSCI 2C03"
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      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRENG 3O03",
        "SFWRENG 4O03"
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    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4SD3",
      "title": "Data-Driven Algorithms for Sequential Decision Making",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Problems and algorithmic solutions in sequential decision making based on data, as appear in many applications including online ad-placement, A/B testing for software services, financial portfolio man",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2C03"
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "all",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MD3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
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            ]
          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4TE3",
      "title": "Continuous Optimization",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental algorithms and duality concepts of continuous optimization.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2C03"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRENG 4TE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4TH3",
      "title": "Theory of Computation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Formal languages, models of computation, decidability, reduction techniques, time and space complexity classes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2AC3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2FA3"
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2C03"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRENG 4TH3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4TI3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Image Processing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Discrete-time signals and systems, digital filter design, photons to pixels, linear filtering, edge-detection, non-linear filtering, multi-scale transforms, motion estimation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program offered by the Department of Computing and Software Offered on an irregular basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4WW3",
      "title": "Web Systems and Web Computing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Network protocols underlying the world wide web; client-side programming: markup, styles, scripts, design, mobile/desktop; server-side programming: databases, dynamic languages; web services; cloud te",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 2ME3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2AA4"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 2DB3"
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 3DB3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 3IS3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 3N03"
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            "kind": "course",
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4Z03",
      "title": "Directed Readings",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Directed readings in an area of computer science of interest to the student and the instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Departmental permission"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours program in Computer Science. Interested students need to work out a proposal with a faculty member of the Department of Computing and Software"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "COMPSCI 4ZP6",
      "title": "Capstone Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students, in teams of two to four students, undertake a substantial project in an area of computer science by performing each step of the software life cycle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Computer Science program, of an Honours Computer Science as a Second Degree ( B.A.Sc.) program, or of the Combined Honours in Arts & Science and Computer Science program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "DATASCI 2G03",
      "title": "Scientific Computing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A hands-on introduction to modern scientific structured programming using standard C/C++ under Linux.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PHYSICS 2G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "DATASCI 3ML3",
      "title": "Introduction to Neural Networks and Machine Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A practical introduction to neural network algorithms and their applications in machine learning using Python.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 1MD3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "DATASCI 2G03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZB3"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PHYSICS 3G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "DATASCI 4X03",
      "title": "Data Analysis Project Course",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A project-based course covering the basics of modern scientific data acquisition, mining and analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPSCI 1MD3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "DATASCI 2G03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PHYSICS 2G03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in a program in the Faculty of Science"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ASTRON 4X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 1G03",
      "title": "Earth and the Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to Earth’s composition and processes including topics such as rocks, fossils, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, and glaciers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENVIRSC 1G03",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 2E03",
      "title": "Earth History",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Geological evolution of the Earth and paleontological evidence for the evolution of marine life, with emphasis on the geological history of North America.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 2FE3",
      "title": "Introduction to Field Methods in Earth Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A field camp to introduce students to field equipment and methodologies used by earth and environmental scientists focusing on recognition and description of rock types, construction of geological map",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 2G03",
      "title": "Earth Surface Process",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introductory geomorphology course outlining the major landscape features on the Earth’s surface and the processes that lead to their formation through gravity, water, wind, and ice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 2GG3",
      "title": "Natural Disasters",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A study of natural processes including plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, river erosion and climate change and their impacts on human populations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above This course may be offered in-person or virtually. Students are encouraged to check scheduling information and the course outline to confirm the course offering details"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 2K03",
      "title": "Optical Crystallography and Mineralogy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to crystallography, optical theory, and the polarizing microscope.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 2T03",
      "title": "Geology of Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Description and understanding of the tectonic processes involved in the development and evolution of the Precambrian rocks of Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3CC3",
      "title": "Earth’s Changing Climate",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The earth’s climatic history including natural causes of past climate change and human influences on climate will be explored.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3E03",
      "title": "Sedimentary Environments",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Sedimentary processes, stratigraphy and depositional environments of clastic and carbonate systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3FE3",
      "title": "Field Camp",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A field camp to introduce students to field equipment and methodologies used by earth and environmental scientists.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "EARTHSC 2T03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of Honours Earth and Environmental Sciences; and permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3K03",
      "title": "Petrology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to igneous and metamorphic petrology, including thin section examination of rock suites, use of phase diagrams in petrology, and discussion of petrogenesis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "EARTHSC 2K03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3P03",
      "title": "Paleoecology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fossil communities and their past environmental interactions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3RD3",
      "title": "Research Design and Dissemination in Earth and Environmental",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Sciences 3 unit(s) Review of approaches to the formulation of research questions, and to the gathering and interpretation of evidence, using a variety of environmental and earth sciences-based topics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours B.Sc. program in the School of Earth, Environment & Society ( Faculty of Science)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3S03",
      "title": "Sustainable Oceans",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of Earths oceans: the past, present and paths towards a sustainable future.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3V03",
      "title": "Environmental Geophysics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to principles and applications of geophysics in groundwater and environmental investigations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "EARTHSC 4VV3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3W03",
      "title": "Physical Hydrogeology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Mechanisms and processes of water movement in the subsurface including the saturated zone (groundwater) and the unsaturated zone (soil water).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 3Z03",
      "title": "Structural Geology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to mapping and geometric description of geologic structures and analysis of stress and strain in the subsurface.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4CC3",
      "title": "Stable Isotopes in Earth and Environmental Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Stable isotopes are widely used in modern earth and environmental sciences because of their unique chemical properties that enable us to trace past and current environmental processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4FF3",
      "title": "Topics of Field Research",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Selected topics in field research in the environmental and earth sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours B.Sc. program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with the permission of the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4G03",
      "title": "Glacial Sediments and Environments",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The development and movement of glaciers, glacial depositional processes and sedimentary successions in terrestrial, lacustrine and marine environments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "EARTHSC 3E03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4MT6",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will select research topics and prepare a thesis either individually or in teams.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3RD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a GPA of at least 7.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 4MT6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 4MT6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4PA3",
      "title": "Paleoenvironmental Analysis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Reconstructing past environmental change using sediment archives in lakes and ocean basins.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "an Honours Environmental Sciences program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4T03",
      "title": "Plate Tectonics and Resources",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the links between plate tectonics, sedimentary basin evolution, and the formation of mineral and energy resources.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4V03",
      "title": "Exploration Geophysics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced geophysical mapping and modelling; applications in environmental geosciences and resource exploration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3V03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EARTHSC 4WB3",
      "title": "Contaminant Hydrogeology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Physical and chemical aspects of the fate and transport of contaminants in soils and groundwater, including fundamental processes, multiphase flow and groundwater remediation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "EARTHSC 3W03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Culture"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 1B03",
      "title": "Introductory Microeconomics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the method and theory of microeconomics, and their application to the analysis of contemporary economic problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTSSCI 2E03",
        "ECON 1BX3",
        "ECON 1BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 1BB3",
      "title": "Introductory Macroeconomics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the method and theory of macroeconomics, and their application to the analysis of contemporary economic problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTSSCI 2E03",
        "ECON 1BA3",
        "ECON 1B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 1ME3",
      "title": "Introduction to Mathematical Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an introduction to mathematical and statistical methods applied in economics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Economics I; Social Sciences 1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Health and Society 1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "in level 2 of any Social Sciences program; completion of Grade 12 Calculus"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2A03",
      "title": "Economics of Labour-Market Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course applies economic analysis to issues of importance in the labour market.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "WORKLABR 3A03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3A03",
        "ECON 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2B03",
      "title": "Analysis of Economic Data",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Application of statistical concepts to the analysis of economic data, with attention to Canadian sources.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1ME3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 1DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 1L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 1LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Grade 12 Mathematics of Data Management U"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "ENVSOCTY 3MB3",
        "GEOG 3MB3",
        "ARTSSCI 2R03",
        "CHEMENG 4C03",
        "ELECENG 3TQ4",
        "HTHSCI 2A03",
        "MATLS 3J03",
        "POLSCI 3N06",
        "POLSCI 3NN3",
        "PNB 2XE3",
        "PNB 3XE3",
        "SOCIOL 3H06",
        "STATS 2B03",
        "STATS 2D03",
        "STATS 2MB3",
        "STATS 3Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2CC3",
      "title": "Health Economics and its Application to Health Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Economic analysis of health and health care, with a special emphasis on policy issues in the Canadian health care system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a minor in Economics"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2D03",
      "title": "Economic Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Applications of economics to important public issues, from a general interest perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2I03",
      "title": "Financial Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Detailed investigation of the financial sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 2FA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Bachelor of Commerce program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2J03",
      "title": "Environmental Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Allocation of environmental services: efficiency and market failure; measuring environmental benefits; environmental regulation in Canada and elsewhere: taxes, tradable permits and other instruments;",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2K03",
      "title": "Economic History of Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the changing structure of the Canadian economy from the colonial period to the present; early significance of primary production for export markets; emerging domestic markets and industria",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2MP3",
      "title": "Macroeconomic Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course integrates both theoretical foundations and practical applications of macroeconomic policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1K03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Calculus and Vectors U"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Advanced Functions and Introductory Calculus U"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 2H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2N03",
      "title": "Public Policy Toward Business",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The economic effects of federal competition policy and the regulation of business by all levels of government.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 3N03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2P03",
      "title": "Economics of Professional Sports",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The application of economic principles to team and individual professional sports.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2T03",
      "title": "Economics of Trade Unionism and Labour",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics include the economics of the labour market, of trade unionism, of work, the impact of trade unions on the labour market, economic theories of strikes and trade unions and the state.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "WORKLABR 3B03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2Y03",
      "title": "Intermediate Macroeconomics I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course uses macroeconomic theory based on microeconomic underpinnings to study common topics, including consumption-savings decisions, business cycles and economic growth.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1K03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Calculus and Vectors U"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Advanced Functions and Introductory Calculus U"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 2HH3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2YY3",
      "title": "Intermediate Macroeconomics II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on ECON 2Y03 , exploring advanced topics such as credit market imperfections, search and unemployment, monetary models, banking, and the open economy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2Z03",
      "title": "Intermediate Microeconomics I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Theory of consumer choice; elements of production and cost; price and output determination in perfectly competitive markets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1ME3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1Z04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 2G03",
        "ECON 2X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 2ZZ3",
      "title": "Intermediate Microeconomics II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Firm and consumer behaviour in imperfectly competitive markets and the markets for factors of production; the role of taxes and subsidies; theory of exchange, welfare economics and general equilibrium analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1ME3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1Z04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3B03",
      "title": "Public Sector Economics: Expenditures",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theory and practice of public finance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3BE3",
      "title": "Behavioural Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Economic theory rests upon the assumptions that all economic actors (consumers, firms, governments) are fully rational and narrowly self-interested.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3C03",
      "title": "Public Sector Economics: Taxation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theory and practice of public finance: analysis and comparison of the efficiency, equity and distribution effects of the taxation of income, wealth and expenditure, analysis of social insurance, inter",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3D03",
      "title": "Labour Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to the economics of the labour market; demand for labour by the firm and industry; supply of labour by the individual; investment in human capital.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3E03",
      "title": "Applied Econometrics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students acquire hands-on experience, using statistical software, in the application of econometric methods to empirically analyze economic issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in an Honours Economics program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 3EE3",
        "ECON 2B03",
        "CHEMENG 4C03",
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "POLSCI 3N06",
        "POLSCI 3NN3",
        "PNB 2XE3",
        "PNB 3XE3",
        "SOCIOL 3H06",
        "STATS 2D03",
        "STATS 2MB3",
        "STATS 3D03",
        "ECON 4G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3EE3",
      "title": "Econometrics I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Elaboration of regression techniques developed in ECON 2B03 and their applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2R03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 4C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3N06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 3E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3G03",
      "title": "Mathematical Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the application of mathematics in economic theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2HH3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3H03",
      "title": "International Monetary Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Macroeconomic problems of an open economy with special reference to Canada; the international financial system and proposals for its reform.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3HH3",
      "title": "International Trade",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Real theory of international trade; interregional and international specialization; effect of commercial and industrial policies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3K03",
      "title": "Monetary Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to a modern treatment of monetary theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3M03",
      "title": "Introduction to Game Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the theory of games, including strategic, extensive and coalitional games.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1BX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 3Y03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3Q03",
      "title": "The Economics of Aging",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics include the macroeconomics of population aging and its impact on national pension and health plans and the microeconomics of retirement and income security.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3S03",
      "title": "Industrial Organization",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the structure, conduct and performance of industrial markets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3T03",
      "title": "Economic Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics may include the measurement of structural change, dual economies, agriculture and production, technical and institutional change, and health and nutrition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3W03",
      "title": "Natural Resources",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Competitive and socially optimal management of nonrenewable resources; market failure as illustrated by mineral cartels, fisheries and forestry, including analysis of bioeconomic models.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2J03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3Y03",
      "title": "Selected Topics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics will vary from year to year depending on student interests and faculty availability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 3Z03",
      "title": "Health Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Analysis of allocation of resources in health care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "another course in statistics is recommended"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 4A03",
      "title": "Honours Economic Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students discuss papers on a theme that is specific to each section and write short paper reviews and policy briefs on current economic issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 4F03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 4FF3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 3E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 3EE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2ZZ3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in level IV of an Honours Economics Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 4AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 4AA3",
      "title": "Economic Specialist Seminar",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Under the supervision of a faculty member students present and discuss papers and write a paper presenting original research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 4FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 3EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 3E03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 2HH3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 2YY3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level III or Level IV Honours Economics ( Specialist Option ) with a GPA of at least 6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 4A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 4B03",
      "title": "Selected Topics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics will vary from year to year depending on student interests and faculty availability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ECON 4F03",
      "title": "Methods of Inquiry in Economics",
      "terms": [
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or V of any program in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; or permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "IBEHS 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4OI6",
      "title": "Engineering Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The design process; safety; a term project composed of small teams of students including an oral presentation and written report.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or V of any Electrical or Computer Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ELECENG 4BI6",
        "ENGINEER 4M06",
        "IBEHS 5P06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4OJ4",
      "title": "Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A research-oriented project under the direct supervision of a faculty member to foster initiative and independent creativity while working on an advanced topic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Prior arrangement with an Electrical and Computer Engineering faculty member"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a minimum cumulative GPA of 9.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or V of any program in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; or permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPENG 4OK4",
        "ELECENG 4OK4",
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "IBEHS 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4PK4",
      "title": "Power Electronics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "To analyze, model, and predict the performance of basic power converter configurations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 2CJ4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3EJ4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4PM4",
      "title": "Electrical Power Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Analysis of transmission lines, unsymmetrical electrical systems, load flow studies, dynamic stability of electrical power systems, power system protection, emerging systems and issues relating to ele",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ELECENG 3PI4"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4PN4",
      "title": "Electric Motor Drives",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Fundamentals of electric motor drives are studied.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ELECENG 3PI4"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4PP4",
      "title": "Smart and Micro Grids",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Micro grids for transportation systems and terrestrial applications are studied.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 3CL4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3PI4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 4PK4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 4PM4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4PR4",
      "title": "Net-Zero Emission Power Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Enabling technologies to reach the net-zero emission electricity sector are studied.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3CL4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3PI4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 4PM4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 4PK4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4QT3",
      "title": "Advanced Quantum Theory and Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Quantum state space; interpretation and dynamics of the wave function; quantum mechanical spin and Q-bits; single versus ensemble systems: pure and mixed states and the density matrix; description of",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 3 or above of an Engineering, Computer Science, Integrated Science, Math, or Physics program, or with permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ELECENG 4TK4",
      "title": "Digital Communications Systems",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Digital modulation systems, inter-symbol interference, equalization, synchronization; ASK, FSK, PSK, MSK, optimal receiver, noncoherent detection; introduction to information theory; entropy, source c",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3TR4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 3TQ4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 3TQ3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRENG 4J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 1EE0",
      "title": "Introduction to Career Planning & Employment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to career readiness and job search; self-assessment, career planning and decision-making, networking, industry research, cover letter and resume writing, interviewing skills and work place professionalism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in B.Eng, B.A.Sc, B.Eng.Mgt, B.Eng.Soc, B.Eng.BioSci, B.Tech 4-YR Not open to students in their final level"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 1P13",
      "title": "Integrated Cornerstone Design Projects in Engineering",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Project-based integrated learning course that introduces a range of foundational (i.e., cornerstone) topics in engineering, including engineering design and communication, computation, graphic design,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 1C03",
        "ENGINEER 1D04",
        "ENGINEER 1P03",
        "ENGINEER 1PA3",
        "ENGINEER 1PB3",
        "ENGINEER 1PC3",
        "IBEHS 1P10",
        "MATLS 1M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 1PA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Engineering Design and Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to professional engineering including ethics, health and safety, engineering communication; design skills; completion of a design project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Engineering program, and permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 1P13",
        "IBEHS 1P10",
        "ENGINEER 1C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 1PB3",
      "title": "Structure and Properties of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the structure of both crystalline and amorphous solids; the physical and chemical basis for properties exhibited by materials; an overview of material properties including mechanica",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Engineering program, and permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 1P13",
        "IBEHS 1P10",
        "MATLS 1M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 1PC3",
      "title": "Engineering Computation",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Development and analysis of simple algorithms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Engineering program, and permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 1P13",
        "IBEHS 1P10",
        "ENGINEER 1D04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 2EC0",
      "title": "Engineering Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Minimum of 12 weeks of full-time employment in a professional environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Co-op program in the Faculty of Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 1EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission from the Engineering Co-Op"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Career Services. Not open to students in their final level"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 2IW3",
      "title": "Inclusion in the Engineering Workplace",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Engineering workplaces are diverse but can pose challenges to underrepresented groups.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 2PX3",
      "title": "Engineering: Communications and Social Impact",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A multidisciplinary integrated learning course focused on communication and the engineering design cycle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program leading to a B.Eng, or B.Eng.Biosci. Not open to the Engineering and Management or Engineering and Society programs"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMENG 2G03",
        "CIVENG 2I03",
        "COMPENG 2DX4",
        "ENGPHYS 3EC4",
        "MECHENG 2A03",
        "MATLS 2H04",
        "SFWRENG 3I03",
        "ENGSOCTY 2X03",
        "ENGNMGT 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 3CX3",
      "title": "Emerging Leaders and Mentors",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This workshop-based course offers students the opportunity to earn course credit for their leadership and mentorship roles within the McMaster community and beyond.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 3IC0",
      "title": "Full-Time Internship for International Students",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, paid internships of 8, 12 or 16 months enable international Engineering students to explore career opportunities and work environments, gain employability skills, and an understanding of em",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 1EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Engineering Career"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Co-Op Services"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 3PX3",
      "title": "Engineering Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Engineering economic analysis explored in the context of an interdisciplinary engineering project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 2PX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGSOCTY 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGNMGT 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any program leading to a B.Eng"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B.Eng.Mgt"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a B.Eng.Soc degree"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 2B03",
        "CIVENG 3RR3",
        "CHEMENG 4N04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 4A03",
      "title": "Ethics, Equity and Law in Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "General introduction to the ethical, equitable and legal aspects of engineering practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Engineering program or credit or registration in a six-unit Engineering capstone course. Not open to students in the Engineering & Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 2S03",
        "ENGPHYS 4C03",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "ENGPHYS 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGINEER 4EX3",
      "title": "Experiential Engineering Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will provide students an opportunity for formal recognition of the design-based experiential learning conducted within the atmosphere of technically-oriented McMaster Engineering teams.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III Engineering and Society Program John Hodgins"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 1CS3",
      "title": "Studying Culture: A Critical Introduction",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course will introduce fundamental concepts and questions in the field of cultural studies, and will prepare students to use those tools in analyzing culture as a site of meaning, identities, power, and pleasure.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 1CS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 1F03",
      "title": "The Written World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "What does the world look like when it takes a literary form? We will read and write about one or more literary genres or forms from various times and places, and reflect on the shape of literature, it",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 1G03",
      "title": "Making and Unmaking Literary Traditions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This introductory course explores literatures written in English from the perspective of literary historical periods, genres, and critical approaches.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 1C06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 1H03",
      "title": "Words in Place",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Many public ceremonies in Canada now include acknowledgements of whose land we are meeting on.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2BB3",
      "title": "Literature and Culture in the United States",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of literary and cultural production in the United States, focusing on selected movements, issues, genres or traditions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2BL3",
      "title": "Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century British Literature and Film",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the twentieth- and twenty-first-century literary texts and films from the British Isles, with attention to their historical, cultural, and socio-political contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2I06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2C03",
      "title": "Contemporary Canadian Fiction",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the themes and structure of the contemporary Canadian novel, usually with emphasis on the relationship between Canada’s cultural patterns and its literature.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any program Not open to students with credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 2G06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2CC3",
      "title": "Settler Colonialism and Writing in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course looks at ways literary writing has contributed to and contested the formation of Canada as a settler colony.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2G06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2CL3",
      "title": "Canadian Literature of Dissent and Social Justice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course critically examines the way social justice concerns in Canadian literature, film, and music have grown out of and critiqued dominant narratives about Canadas culture, makeup, and purpose.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2G06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2CR3",
      "title": "Shakespeare: Comedies, Problem Plays, and Romances",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A close study of selected plays in these genres, together with relevant literary, cultural, theatrical, and historical contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2L03",
        "ENGLISH 3K06",
        "THTRFLM 2CR3",
        "THTRFLM 3KL6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2CW3",
      "title": "Genre in Creative Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course combines features of a creative writing workshop with the challenges of working in literary genre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2HT3",
      "title": "Shakespeare: Histories and Tragedies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A close study of selected plays in these genres, together with relevant literary, cultural, theatrical, and historical contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2L03",
        "ENGLISH 3K06",
        "THTRFLM 2HT3",
        "THTRFLM 3KL6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2KA3",
      "title": "Indigenous Futurisms and Wonderworks",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Through a focus on Indigenous articulated realities and futures, this course refuses colonial narratives of the ‘disappearing Indian’ and insists upon Indigenous presence in past, present, and future",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "RECONCIL 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "three units of Level I English"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 2K03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2KK3",
      "title": "Studies in Women Writers",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A closely focused course on women’s writing in English.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 2K06",
        "CSCT 2KK3",
        "ENGLISH 2K06",
        "WOMENST 2K06",
        "WOMENST 2KK3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2M03",
      "title": "Concepts of Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An analysis of the concept of culture from the Enlightenment to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 2M03",
        "CMST 2M03",
        "CSCT 2M03",
        "CSCT 2M06",
        "ENGLISH 2M06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2PC3",
      "title": "Popular Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the study of everyday culture, its underlying assumptions, its locations, and the capacity of audiences to engage actively and critically with it.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2QA3",
      "title": "Queer Writing, Art, and Activism: Reimagining the World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines queer writing, art, and activism of the late 20th and early 21st century, with an emphasis on creative works by Black and Indigenous queer writers, artists and activists who addre",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2SL3",
      "title": "Social Justice, Literature and the Rhetoric of Science and Technology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course approaches science and technology through the lens of literary and cultural studies by analyzing the production, communication, and representation of scientific and technological knowledge",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2TP3",
      "title": "Literary and Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2VC3",
      "title": "Topics in Visual Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines visual texts in a select media and genres through an exploration of a variety of theoretical discourses and representational practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program. Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 2P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CSCT 2P03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the topic is Modernity"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Postmodernity"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Visuality; with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 2S03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CSCT 2S03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "if the topic is Spectacular Bodies"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CC3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CSCT 3CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 3CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "THTRFLM 3R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 2Z03",
      "title": "Reading Environmental Humanities",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of representations of nature in a variety of written and visual texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 2Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3A03",
      "title": "Critical Race Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3AA3",
      "title": "Theories of Gender and Sexuality",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3BA3",
      "title": "Caribbean Literature",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this course we will study works by writers from the Caribbean region and its diasporas, many of which are housed in McMaster’s archives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of ENGLISH and registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3CP3",
      "title": "Writing Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on creative writing as a practice rather than a process towards material products, exploring the relationship between habitual writing exercises and an understanding of how writing",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3CR3",
      "title": "Writing Out",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3CW3",
      "title": "Creating Writing in/for/with Communities",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This creative writing inquiry class engages students in the staged development of a creative writing project in consultation with and on behalf of a community of their choice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3EC3",
      "title": "Enlightenment and its Shadows",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of British Literature and Culture of the long eighteenth-century (1660-1800), including plays, poetry, fiction, and essays.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 3G06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3GF3",
      "title": "Topics in Popular Genres",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide an in-depth exploration of the conventions and consumption of one or more popular genres, such as graphic narrative, science fiction, romance, horror, crime writing, fantasy,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3GF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3GG3",
      "title": "Theories of Decolonization and Resistance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of theoretical and cultural works that examine the effects of empire and chart projects for decolonization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3R06",
        "ENGLISH 3R06",
        "PEACEST 3E06",
        "PEACEST 3GG3",
        "PEACJUST 3GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3GS3",
      "title": "Reading the Embodied Past: Gender and Sexuality",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of representations of gender, sexuality, and/or their institutions and intimacies in pre-20th century literature and culture, with attention to their material, cultural, and socio-political contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 3NN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3NH3",
      "title": "Narratives of Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course inquires into representations of health with reference to a range of media.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2NH3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3OL3",
      "title": "Indigenous Orature and Literature as Anti-Colonial Praxis, 1750-1950",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course takes up the study of Indigenous oratory and literary works in North America from the late 18th to the late 20th century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies or English & Cultural Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 3OL3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3QQ3",
      "title": "Contemporary Critical Theory",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines selected issues in contemporary critical theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3QQ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3RW3",
      "title": "Reading and Writing in the Field: Experiential Learning in Theory and Practice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "2.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3V03",
      "title": "Global Anglophone Literature and Film",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of literature, film and other forms of popular culture by artists from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean, and their overseas diasporas.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3R06",
        "ENGLISH 3R06",
        "PEACEST 3E06",
        "PEACJUST 3V03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3VC3",
      "title": "‘We Other Victorians’: Victorian Literature and Culture and Its",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Afterlives 3 unit(s) Drawing on a broad range of literary and cultural texts, this course explores the continuing legacy of Victorian Britain (1832-1901) in setting the agendas for Western modernity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 3M06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3W03",
      "title": "Contemporary Indigenous Literature of Turtle Island",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a study of contemporary literary works by Indigenous writers across Turtle Island - including oral narratives, short stories, novels, poetry, graphic novels, and drama.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Level II Indigenous Studies or six units of Level II English and Cultural Studies or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3W03",
        "PEACEST 3W03",
        "INDIGST 3D03",
        "PEACJUST 3W03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 3WE3",
      "title": "British Romantic Literature and Culture: Revolution, War, Empire",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course explores British Literature and culture between the advent of the French Revolution (1789) and the turbulent decade following the world-shaking violence of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 3M06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4AN3",
      "title": "Nineteenth-Century Adaptations",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course inquires into the ideological, political, and aesthetic motivations that inform recent adaptations in fiction and film of the British nineteenth century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 4AN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4BN3",
      "title": "Writing Britain Now: Critique and Creativity After Brexit",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This seminar considers contemporary writing in Britain and Northern Ireland in the wake of Brexit.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required First offered 2025/26"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4CA3",
      "title": "Under the Gaze of the Nonhuman: Critical Animal Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar introduces students to a range of contemporary debates about nonhuman animals, and in particular investigates our ethical and political responsibilities towards them.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4CC3",
      "title": "Creative Writing Capstone",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students will design and execute a creative-writing project of approximately 20 to 25 pages.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 2CW3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CP3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 4FW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 4SD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3CW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 4FW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 4SD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Narrative Arts"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "CWNA"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4CF3",
      "title": "Contemporary Fiction",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of recent English and American fiction, with emphasis on metafiction as well as the relationship between contemporary literary theory and fiction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 4CF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4DL3",
      "title": "Digital Lives",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical investigation of the burgeoning domain of online life writing, concentrating on 2-4 selected “automedia” modes, such as digital photography, iphoneographies, public social media accounts, o",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4E03",
      "title": "Literature, Culture and Climate Catastrophe",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Drawing on environmental humanities, Anthropocene studies, anti-colonial, feminist, and critical race theories, this seminar considers how different creative genres (eg.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required. Contract All Courses |"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4ED3",
      "title": "Windrush Writing/Writing Windrush: Empire, Race and",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Decolonization 3 unit(s) This course will examine work by writers of the Windrush generation (1950s and 1960s) and the stories told about Windrush migration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Ontario L8S 4L8. ( 905 ) 525-9140 © 2026 McMaster University"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4FW3",
      "title": "Forms of Creative Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar will combine a hands-on study of form with an opportunity for students to exercise and focus their own creative energies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4GN3",
      "title": "Graphic Narrative in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar examines graphic narrative in Canada, focusing on: its divergent engagements with national narratives; Indigenous storytelling; national regimes of belonging/dispossession; and transnational relations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 4GN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4IW3",
      "title": "Twenty-First Century Indigenous Writing and Film",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A critical examination of recent works by Indigenous authors and filmmakers that give voice to contemporary social, cultural, and political realities in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 4IW3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4ML3",
      "title": "What is Millennial Literature?",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "What gathers under the sign of “millennial”? Do millennial writers cohere into a unique generational voice? How have they redefined artistic genres like the novel? Topics may include polyvocality, neo",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4QA3",
      "title": "Queerness in the Archives: Lesbian and Gay Writing, Art and Activism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "in Canada, 1969-1989 3 unit(s) This course examines lesbian and gay writing, art and activism in Canada during the period of 1969 to 1989.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4RD3",
      "title": "Renaissance Drama, Excluding Shakespeare",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intensive study of transgression (economic, erotic, social and literary) in popular and elite drama by Shakespeare’s contemporaries, including women writers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4RI3",
      "title": "Colonialism and Resistance in Representations of Indigenous",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Womanhood 3 unit(s) This course looks to representations of Indigenous womanhood in a range of contemporary and historical cultural productions for insights into how colonialism shapes all of our live",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Level III Indigenous Studies and enrolled in Honours Indigenous Studies or registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 4RI3",
        "INDIGST 4RI3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4SD3",
      "title": "Sentenced to Death",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This is a course about the grammar, syntax, rhetoric, and expressive potential of language’s most familiar unit of meaning; the sentence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4ST3",
      "title": "Even Stranger Things: The Early Gothic",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "One of the more paradoxical legacies of the British Enlightenment is the Gothic, with its attraction to the ghastly and the supernatural.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4X03",
      "title": "Honours Essay",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Under the supervision of a member of the Department of English and Cultural Studies , students will write an essay in second term of Level IV.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4Y03",
      "title": "Experiential Practicum I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This practicum provides students with experience in experiential education under the mentorship of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 4Y06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4Y06",
      "title": "Research Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with direct experience of advanced research under the mentorship of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a program in English and Cultural Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 4Y06",
        "ENGLISH 4Y03",
        "ENGLISH 4YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGLISH 4YY3",
      "title": "Experiential Practicum II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This practicum provides students with additional experience in experiential education under the mentorship of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 4Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Cultural Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 4Y06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGNMGT 2AA3",
      "title": "Communication Skills",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Writing skills including formal reports; speaking, listening and presentation skills, speeches, technical presentations and electronic communication technology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Engineering and Management program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGNMGT 2AA2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGNMGT 3A03",
      "title": "Leading High-Performance Engineering Teams",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the principles and practices of effective team leadership within engineering and management contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGNMGT 2AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Engineering and Management program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGNMGT 4A03",
      "title": "Innovation Driven Project Development and Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "What is innovation and how is it managed? Team-based creativity skills will be developed with a focus on delivering innovation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGNMGT 2AA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGNMGT 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGNMGT 3A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Engineering and Management program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGNMGT 5B03",
      "title": "Engineering and Management Capstone",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Capstone course: Students work in multidisciplinary teams to solve an integrated engineering and business problem in an organization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGNMGT 4A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Management program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 2A04",
      "title": "Electricity and Magnetism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Development of electromagnetic theory - fields, Gauss’ law, electric potential, Laplace equation, dielectrics, Ampere’s law, magnetism, Faraday’s law, inductance, development of Maxwell’s equations vi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in any Engineering Physics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechatronics Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2E04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2ZZ3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 2CD4",
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      "id": "ENGPHYS 3CM4",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2A04"
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                "kind": "course",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "raw",
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            "kind": "raw",
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Science program"
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "raw",
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            "kind": "all",
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any Engineering program"
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                "kind": "course",
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        "ELECENG 3TP3",
        "ENGPHYS 3W04"
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    },
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                "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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    },
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      "id": "ENGPHYS 4B03",
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        "Summer"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "A GPA of at least 8. Registration in the final year of an Engineering Physics or Nuclear Engineering program ( for Fall/Winter enrolment ) or the second last year for Spring/Summer enrolment. Subject to Department approval"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "students are permitted to be supervised by faculty members in other Engineering departments. Subject to Department approval"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "students from other Departments are permitted to take this course if their supervisor is a faculty member of the Department of Engineering Physics"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "IBEHS 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4I03",
      "title": "Introduction to Biophotonics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the basic principles of light interaction with biological systems and specific biomedical applications of photonics such as optical light microscopy, endoscopic imaging, spectroscop",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above in the Faculties of Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Health Sciences"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDPHYS 4I03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4MD3",
      "title": "Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Nanoscale semiconductor materials and devices including quantum confinement, quantum dots, dipole radiation, quantum radiation physics, molecular and bulk excitons, advanced molecular electronics, tig",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3PN3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3PN4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3Q03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4QC3",
      "title": "Introduction to Quantum Computing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to quantum computing including qubits, entanglement, quantum key cryptography, teleportation, quantum circuits and algorithms, spin qubits.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2QM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4QM3",
      "title": "Quantum Optics and Metrology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to quantum optics including single photon states, coherent states, standard quantum limit, Heisenberg limit, squeezed light, entanglement, and applications in metrology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENGPHYS 4QC3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4S04",
      "title": "Lasers and Electro-Optics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Basic principles and applications of lasers, nonlinear optics (materials and devices), and optical modulation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3E04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 3N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 3N04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 3FK4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 4EM4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 4S03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4X03",
      "title": "Introduction to Photovoltaics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A review of photovoltaic devices including solar cell operation, characterization, manufacturing, economics and current and next generation technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3BA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3BA4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3MB4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3SC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 2EI5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 2EI4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3Q03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGPHYS 4Z04",
      "title": "Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Detailed description of fabrication technologies used in the semiconductor industry; computer modelling of device fabrication process and device performance; device fabrication in a cleanroom environm",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3PN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3PN4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3SM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3Q03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 4Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 2X03",
      "title": "Inquiry in an Engineering Context I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Inquiry is a non-disciplinary approach to the study of issues of public concern.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Engineering and Society Program or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 2Y03",
      "title": "Case Studies in History and Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "History and philosophy of technology, from antiquity to modern times, with a special emphasis on the cultural aspects of technology, are addressed on a case study basis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Engineering and Society Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 3X03",
      "title": "Inquiry in an Engineering Context II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This inquiry course builds on the skills developed in previous courses, focusing on a specific issue related to the role of engineering and technology in society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGSOCTY 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Society Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 3Y03",
      "title": "Technology and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the nature and structure of technology, the nature of culture, and the role and place of different groups, including engineers, in a culture dominated by technology; and mechanisms for the",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGSOCTY 2Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Engineering and Society Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 3Z03",
      "title": "Preventive Engineering: Environmental Perspectives",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This experiential course focuses on the application of preventive engineering with specific attention to impacts on the natural environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of the Engineering and Society Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 4X03",
      "title": "Inquiry in an Engineering Context III",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Under the supervision of a faculty member, students write an inquiry paper and present their findings orally.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGSOCTY 3X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level V of the Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Society Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGSOCTY 4Y03",
      "title": "Society Capstone Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In multi-disciplinary teams, students will complete a capstone design project that incorporates holistic design, social sustainability, community resilience and aesthetic elements.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level V of the Engineering and Society Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1AC3",
      "title": "Analytical Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to laboratory procedures used in chemical analysis for classical wet and instrumental methods; statistical data treatment, gravimetric analysis, volumetric analysis, pH measurements and o",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 2TD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1BI3",
      "title": "Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides basic introduction to the following topics: chemistry of life, cells, genetics, evolution and diversity and plant and animal form and function.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1CH3",
      "title": "Chemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Basic chemical concepts, calculations and laboratory procedures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1CP3",
      "title": "C++ Programming",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Programming concepts and introduction to C++ programming.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 1PP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1EL3",
      "title": "Electricity and Circuit Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to electronic circuits; DC and AC sources, resistors, inductors, and capacitors; phasors and impedance; transient and steady-state analysis; network analysis; energy and power.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1ET0",
      "title": "Introduction to the Technology Co-op Program",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Orientation to Technology Co-op programs and the workplace; self-assessment and goal setting; application procedures and materials; occupational health and safety.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a Degree Completion Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1MC3",
      "title": "Mathematics I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Pre-calculus concepts: algebra, trigonometry, complex numbers, exponential and logarithmic functions, systems of equations, matrices, determinants and vectors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1ME3",
      "title": "Statics and Mechanics of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Statics and kinematics of particles and rigid bodies: force vectors; equilibrium; trusses, frames and machines; internal forces; centroids; friction; axial load, torsion, bending and shear; stress and strain.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1MT3",
      "title": "Mathematics II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Integral calculus involving all the techniques of integration, applications, improper integrals, multiple integrals and integral theorems, infinite sequences and series.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1PA3",
      "title": "Principles and Applications of Object-Oriented Programming",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A project-based computer programming course that covers pointers, structured data types, and object-oriented principles, including inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes, and function overloading",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 1PR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1PH3",
      "title": "Physics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Sound, light, kinematics, forces, work, energy, fluid and thermal physics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1PP3",
      "title": "Programming Fundamentals",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to programming concepts using Python, including syntax, functions, decision-making, and looping.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 1CP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 1PR3",
      "title": "Object-Oriented Programming",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Project-based course covering computer programming.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Automotive"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 2EE0",
      "title": "Four Month Co-op Experience I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Minimum of 12 weeks of full-time employment in a professional environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 1EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Four-Year Technology Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Engineering Co-op"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Career Services Office"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 2ES3",
      "title": "Engineering Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introductory statistics course covering the following topics with engineering applications: organization and description of data, probability and distributions, confidence intervals and hypothesis",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Automotive"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 3ES3",
        "ENGTECH 3ST3",
        "SFWRTECH 3ST3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 2ET0",
      "title": "Four Month Co-op Experience I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Minimum of 12 weeks of full-time employment in a professional environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Degree Completion Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Engineering Co-op and Career Services Office"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 2MA3",
      "title": "Mathematics III",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Techniques for solving first and second order ordinary differential equations with applications; initial value and boundary value problems, systems of differential equations, partial differential equa",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 2MS3",
      "title": "Modelling and Numerical Solutions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Number systems and errors; solutions to nonlinear equations; interpolation by polynomials; matrices and systems of linear equations; numerical integration; spline functions, differential equations; en",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Automotive"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVTECH 3MN3",
        "ENGTECH 3MN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 2MT3",
      "title": "Mathematics IV",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Continuous time signals and systems; convolution; Laplace transform, Fourier series and transform; Discrete time signals and systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3DM3",
      "title": "Discrete Mathematics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental discrete mathematics concepts relevant to IT: sets, relations, functions, graphs, propositional logic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is graded on a pass/fail basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3EE0",
      "title": "Four Month Co-op Experience II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Minimum of 12 weeks of full-time employment in a professional environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Engineering Co-op"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Career Services Office"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3ES3",
      "title": "Engineering Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introductory statistics course covering the following topics with engineering applications: organization and description of data, probability and distributions, confidence intervals and hypothesis",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 2ES3",
        "ENGTECH 3ST3",
        "SFWRTECH 3ST3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3ET0",
      "title": "Four Month Co-op Experience II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Minimum of 12 weeks of full-time employment in a professional environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Degree Completion Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Engineering Co-op and Career Services Office"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3FE3",
      "title": "Finite Element Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Matrix techniques; eigenvalue problems: equations of elasticity: plane stress, plane strain, 3D problems; variational methods; element types, element stiffness, mass matrices and load vector; assembla",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2AC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "AUTOTECH 2TS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 4FA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3MA3",
      "title": "Mathematics V",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Ordinary and partial differential equations; Laplace transforms; Fourier series; vector calculus; integral theorems, with engineering applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRTECH 3MA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3ML3",
      "title": "Strength of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Stresses under combined loads, generalized Hooke’s Law; two and three dimensional stresses, stress transformation, principal stresses, Mohr’s circle; deflections by integration; energy methods, Castag",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3SD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program or the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3MN3",
      "title": "Modelling and Numerical Solutions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Number systems and errors; solutions to nonlinear equations; interpolation by polynomials; matrices and systems of linear equations; differentiation and integration; differential equations; applicatio",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVTECH 3MN3",
        "ENGTECH 2MS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3SD3",
      "title": "Statics and Dynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Two and three dimensional force vectors, equilibrium of a particle; moments and couples; equilibrium rigid bodies; centroids, second moment of area, moment of inertia; truss, and static analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program or the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MANTECH 3MD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3SP3",
      "title": "Structure and Properties of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Structure of crystalline solids; imperfections in solids; mechanical properties of metals, dislocations and strengthening mechanisms, failure, phase diagrams, phase transformation in metals, processin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program or the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 3MN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3ST3",
      "title": "Probability and Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Probability and statistics for engineering and technology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 3ES3",
        "ENGTECH 2ES3",
        "SFWRTECH 3ST3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 3TD3",
      "title": "Thermodynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to thermodynamics, properties of pure substances, first and second laws of thermodynamics, entropy, vapor power cycles, refrigeration cycles, and combined power cycles.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENRTECH 3TD3",
        "MANTECH 3TF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4AI3",
      "title": "Artificial Intelligence",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theories and practice of machine intelligence with focus on statistical learning methods, artificial neural networks, naturally inspired algorithms, deep learning, big data management, and pattern rec",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering Program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SMRTTECH 4AI3",
        "MANTECH 4AI3",
        "SFWRTECH 4AI3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4CT3",
      "title": "Systems and Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Mathematical models of physical systems; differential equations, Laplace transforms; block diagrams, transfer functions; system transient response; stability analysis in s-, frequency-, and time-domai",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Power"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 3CT3",
        "ENRTECH 3CT3",
        "ENRTECH 4CT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4DT3",
      "title": "Engineering Design & Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with formal recognition of engineering design and technology skills acquired through experiential learning in technically oriented McMaster Engineering Teams.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level 3 or above in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program or the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 4EX3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4ED3",
      "title": "Senior Engineering Design Project",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A project involving design and synthesis that reinforces concepts gained from previous semesters.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CIVTECH 4SD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CIVTECH 4RC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CIVTECH 4SD3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CIVTECH 4RC3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4EE0",
      "title": "Four Month Co-op Experience III",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Minimum of 12 weeks of full-time employment in a professional environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Engineering Co-op"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Career Services Office"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4EP3",
      "title": "Senior Engineering Project",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A project that is based on the knowledge gained from previous semesters.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4CT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4PD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENRTECH 4EP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4FA3",
      "title": "Finite Element Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly ENGTECH 3FA3.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ML3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 4MA3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CIVTECH 3MN3"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program or the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGTECH 3FE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4FD3",
      "title": "Senior Engineering Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Project-based course using the agglomeration of previously acquired knowledge.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "21 units of ENGTECH and SFWRTECH at level 3;"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "18 units of SFWRTECH from level 4;"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRTECH 4FD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4MA3",
      "title": "Advanced Mathematics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Sequence and series, Fourier series, Matrix algebra, Formulating engineering process models, Numerical solutions techniques, Root findings, Curve fittings, Numerical integration, Numerical differentia",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVTECH 3MN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENGTECH 4TF3",
      "title": "Mechanics of Fluids",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Fluid statics, flow in closed conduits, dimensional analysis and similarity, energy and Bernoulli’s equation, flow kinematics, hydraulic cross-sections, energy loss in piping system, fluid Machinery.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "AUTOTECH 3TS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 3CS3",
      "title": "Communication Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Signal and system representations, Fourier transform and LTI systems, filtering; analog communication systems: amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase modulation; digital communication sy",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENRTECH 3IE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 3EM3",
      "title": "Transmission Lines and Electromagnetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly ENRTECH 4EM3 Field concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENRTECH 4EM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 3EP3",
      "title": "Power Systems and Electrical Machines",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Basic electric circuits, basic electrical theorems, network analysis, phasors, three phase systems, transformers, motors, electric power generation, power plants components (transformers, motors, exci",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 3IN3",
      "title": "Industrial Networks and Communication Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Corporate and industrial network standards; proprietary buses and protocols and interfaces; distributed I/O; drivers and devices and their implementation in PC and PLC based systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 3MI3",
      "title": "Measurements and Instrumentation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Transducers, logic circuits, basic electronic devices and their applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 3PD3",
      "title": "Power Distribution I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Principle concepts and theories of power distribution.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3EP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 4CA3",
      "title": "Computer Applications in Power System Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Analysis of load flow, short circuit, transient stability and electromagnetic transients by commercial power system software packages.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3PD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 4PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 4PD3",
      "title": "Power System Analysis and Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the different types of operating constraints as encountered by power system operators and engineers during real time operation of interconnected power grids.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3PD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 4PE3",
      "title": "Power Electronics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to power semiconductor switching devices: power diodes, thyristors, IGBTs, MOSFETs; four types of converters in power conditioning: DC-DC, DC-AC, AC-DC, and AC-AC.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3EP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3PD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENRTECH 3IE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 4PM3",
      "title": "Power Protection and Maintenance I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Various power devices such as relays, circuit breaker, power monitor, control devices and other components used in a power system protection.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3MI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3PD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 4PP3",
      "title": "Power Protection and Maintenance II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "New generation of digital fault detection systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 4PM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENRTECH 4RG3",
      "title": "Renewable Generation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Operation and planning of renewable generation resources including wind, solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal and fuel cells.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENRTECH 3EP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3TD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENRTECH 4RT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENTREP 1EN3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Discovery I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students learn to spot problems worth solving through industry immersion, customer observation, and beginners-mind inquiry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENTREP 1EX3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Discovery II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building on ENTREP 1EN3 , students generate, compare, and refine solution concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENTREP 1EN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INNOVATE 1X03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENTREP 2EN3",
      "title": "Venture Building and Business Structuring I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students turn concepts into testable solutions and formalize early business models.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Minor of Entrepreneurship"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENTREP 2EX3",
      "title": "Venture Building and Business Structuring II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students advance to MVP v1 and prepare for a structured pilot or launch.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENTREP 2EN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Minor of Entrepreneurship"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENTREP 3EN6",
      "title": "New Venture Operation and Strategic Pivoting",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Focusing on market entry and operational resilience, this course guides students through launching, tracking, and adapting their business.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENTREP 2EX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Minor of Entrepreneurship"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENTREP 4EN6",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Growth and Capital Acquisition",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This capstone centers on achieving traction, scaling operations, and preparing for investment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENTREP 3EN6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Minor of Entrepreneurship PACE"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 1C03",
      "title": "Climate, Water and Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the science of environmental issues and sustainability through the study of the soil, climate and water processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 2B03",
      "title": "Soils and the Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 2C03",
      "title": "Surface Climate Processes and Environmental Interactions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The surface heat and water balance of natural and human-modified landscapes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 2Q03",
      "title": "Introduction to Environmental Geochemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introductory study of the interactions of geochemistry (water-rock interaction) and biology in determining pH, oxygen status and ionic strength in water, and their implications will be explored throug",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 2W03",
      "title": "Physical Hydrology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Hydrological processes including precipitation, snowmelt, hillslope runoff, streamflow and hydrological data analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 2WW3",
      "title": "Water and the Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to environmental issues related to water, including the impacts of climate change, effects of water management projects, pollution, the societal dimensions of these problems, and paths",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above This course may be offered in-person or online. Students are encouraged to check scheduling information and the course outline to confirm the course offering details"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 3B03",
      "title": "Ecosystems and Global Change",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of both the impacts of global change on ecosystem form and function and the restoration of ecosystems as nature-based solutions to address global change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 3IN3",
      "title": "Internship in Earth and Environmental Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The integration of academic learning with an employment or a volunteer experience, providing students the opportunity to explore careers and develop linkages between classroom knowledge and professional practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours B.Sc. program in the School of Earth"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society ( Faculty of Science ) ; and permission of the internship coordinator"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "EARTHSC 3IN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 3ME3",
      "title": "Environmental Field Camp",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Within the context of a field project, this course introduces students to field techniques in environmental science and to the potential effects of environmental issues on human health and well-being.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2Q03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 3O03",
      "title": "Contaminant Fate and Transport",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Focuses on the primary mechanisms controlling the distribution, transport and fate of contaminants, particularly organic contaminants, throughout the environment with an emphasis aquatic pollution and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in an Honours Biology or Honours Chemistry program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a program in the Faculty of Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4BB3",
      "title": "Field Techniques in Hydrology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A primarily field-based course that examines the field methods, techniques and equipment used to study watershed hydrology and ecohydrological function in natural, human-impacted and restored ecosyste",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 3ME3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4C03",
      "title": "Advanced Physical Climatology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course develops energy and mass exchange processes in the near surface layer, the lower atmosphere and at the earth-atmosphere interface.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2W03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4EA3",
      "title": "Environmental Assessment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Technical and policy issues involved in the production and the appraisal of environmental impact assessments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in an Honours Biology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a Civil Engineering program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Engineering and Society program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Honours Integrated Science program or an Honours program in the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Environment & Society; and registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 4EA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4MI3",
      "title": "Independent Study in Earth and Environmental Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An independent study under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in the School of Earth, Environment & Society ( Faculty of Science) ; and permission of the supervising faculty member"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "EARTHSC 4MI3",
        "ISCI 4A12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4MT6",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will select research topics and prepare a thesis either individually or in teams.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3RD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society ( Faculty of Science )"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a GPA of at least 7.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 4MT6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 4MT6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4N03",
      "title": "Global Biogeochemical Cycles",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focusses on global cycles of elements and energy, the role of biological processes in these cycles, and the concurrent influence of these cycles on biology and its environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 3O03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVIRSC 4W03",
      "title": "Hydrologic Modelling",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of numerical modelling and examination of selected hydrologic models including deterministic, conceptual and statistical models.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 2W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3J04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3",
      "title": "Society, Culture and Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to human (societal) environment interactions, mostly through a human geographic perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3",
      "title": "Population, Cities and Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the study of relationships between people and their environments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3",
      "title": "Environment & Society: Challenges and Solutions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A discussion of perspectives and approaches to local, regional, national, and global environmental problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "online. Students are encouraged to check scheduling information and the course outline to confirm the course offering details"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2EK3",
      "title": "Traditional Indigenous Ecological Knowledge",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a study of the ecological teachings of Indigenous peoples and of their relationships with the natural environment in historical and contemporary times.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2GI3",
      "title": "Geographic Information Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to the principles and techniques underlying the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for capturing and visualizing spatially referenced information.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2HI3",
      "title": "Health and Place",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to health geography.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2HI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2LE3",
      "title": "Geography of Capitalism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the spatial organization of the capitalist economy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2RC3",
      "title": "Regional Geography of Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the human and physical geography of Canada from a regional perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENVSOCTY 2OC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2RU3",
      "title": "Regional Geography of the United States",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the human and physical geography of the United States of America from a regional perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2RW3",
      "title": "World Regional Geography",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to regional geography and global issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2TF3",
      "title": "Food, Power and Place",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Who really controls the food system? Are food banks helping or hurting the fight against hunger? Why are grocery stores organized the way they are? How do families negotiate gender roles in the kitche",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 2UI3",
      "title": "The Urban Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Key concepts and perspectives in the study of urbanization, urban systems and city life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3EC3",
      "title": "Environmental Catastrophes",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A discussion of environmental catastrophes such as large-scale releases of environmental contaminants, their context and their effects on human populations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3EE3",
      "title": "Energy and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to conventional and alternative sources of energy as they are used in Canadian and global contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3EG3",
      "title": "Politics of a Dying Planet",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the politics that is steering humanity to the brink of catastrophic climate change and planetary mass extinction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3GC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3EJ3",
      "title": "Climate Change and Social Justice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Climate change is shaping every facet of life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3SJ3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3EN3",
      "title": "Northern Environments and Societies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Exploration of the environmental, social, cultural, economic, and political opportunities and challenges that shape the Canadian North.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EK3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 3EN3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3ER3",
      "title": "Sustainability and the Economy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the triple bottom line: the intersection of economic, ecological and social costs and benefits.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3GI3",
      "title": "Advanced Raster GIS",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced treatment of geographic information systems (GIS) focusing on raster data models and techniques.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2GI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3GV3",
      "title": "Advanced Vector GIS",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced treatment of GIS focusing on vector data models and techniques.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2GI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3HP3",
      "title": "Population, Health and Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Differential growth of human populations and their changing age and sex structures with an emphasis on birth, death, and immigration processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 3HP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3LT3",
      "title": "Transport Geography and Planning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Transport plays an important role in many of today’s most pressing challenges including climate mitigation, social inequities, death and injury, and health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3MA3",
      "title": "Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to research methods in human geography.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a program in the School of Earth"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Faculty of Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2B03",
        "GERONTOL 2C03",
        "HEALTHST 2B03",
        "HLTHAGE 2A06",
        "HLTHAGE 3Z06",
        "SOCIOL 2Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3MB3",
      "title": "Data Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to data processing, data visualisation, inference and modelling with application in geography, earth science and environmental science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "STATS 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3MF3",
      "title": "Urban Field Camp",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An experiential and problem-based introduction to field techniques used in human geography, urban studies and planning, with a focus on how people experience and transform the built, social and natura",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the School of Earth, Environment & Society or pursuing the Urban Studies and Planning Concurrent Certificate; and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3MI3",
      "title": "Internship in Environment and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The integration of academic learning with an employment experience, providing students the opportunity to explore careers and develop linkages between classroom knowledge and professional practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SOCSCI 2EL0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours B.A. program in the School of Earth"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society; and permission of the internship coordinator Note: Students participating in this course must be authorized to work in Canada ( International students must provide proof of work authorization permit ) . Students intending to enrol in this course should submit an application to the internship coordinator two months prior to registration. Application forms are available from the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society main office"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3RA3",
      "title": "Human Geographies of Africa",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course adopts an interdisciplinary approach to introduce students to issues related to the African continent.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3RW3",
      "title": "Regional Geography of a Selected World Region",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The study of the human and physical geography of a selected region of the world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2OC3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2RC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2RU3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2RW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3SR3",
      "title": "Remote Sensing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to images, sensors and techniques used to gather and process data on the Earth and other planets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2GI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3TG3",
      "title": "Geographies of Globalization",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to a geographical understanding of globalization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3UP3",
      "title": "Urban Planning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to urban planning, including the theory and practice of community plan-making in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2UI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3UR3",
      "title": "Urban Social Geography",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The social geography of North American cities, with an emphasis on urban housing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2UI3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 3UW3",
      "title": "Cities of the Developing World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The nature and consequences of urbanization in the developing world, and the character of cities therein.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2UI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4EA3",
      "title": "Environmental Assessment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Technical and policy issues involved in the production and the appraisal of environmental impact assessments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in an Honours Biology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a Civil Engineering program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Engineering and Society program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Honours Integrated Science program or an Honours program in the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Environment & Society ( Faculty of Science ) ; and registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVIRSC 4EA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4ET3",
      "title": "Environmental Ethics and Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of issues in environmental ethics, regulation and economics, with a focus on the analysis of conflict, collaboration and coordination.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4GA3",
      "title": "Applied Spatial Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Spatial data analysis and statistics, including descriptive and inferential spatial statistics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2GI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4GS3",
      "title": "GIS Programming",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced treatment of GIS focusing on the creation of scripts to enhance productivity by automating time-consuming and repetitive tasks.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3GI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3GV3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4GT3",
      "title": "Web GIS",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced treatment of geographic information systems (GIS) focusing on creating interactive, data-driven maps using modern web technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3GI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3GV3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4GZ3",
      "title": "Special Topics in GIS",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced treatment of selected topics in GIS and Spatial Analysis; specific topics will vary from year to year including, but not limited to machine learning and artificial intelligence, agent-based m",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2GI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Faculty of Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4HC3",
      "title": "Public and Community Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of how geography informs the practice of public and community health, from GIS applications through to changes in home-based care for elderly dependents.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2HI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3HP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2HI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 3HP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4HD3",
      "title": "Disability, Society and Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Competing theories on the social and spatial marginalization of persons with disabilities; contemporary and historical case studies are used to illustrate the social, political and cultural determinants of disability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2HI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2TS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2HI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4HH3",
      "title": "Environment and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of environmental health research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2HI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2HI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 4M03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4HP3",
      "title": "Migration and Global Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to key concepts in global migration and its implications on development in both migrant sending and receiving states.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4LP3",
      "title": "Transport Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to policy analysis and issues from the perspective of transportation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3LT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4LW3",
      "title": "Work and the Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Who bears the cost of environmental degradation? How does our current economic system shape possibilities for environmental justice? Is there such a thing as working-class environmentalism? And how do",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2LE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "WORKLABR 4F03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4MF3",
      "title": "Senior Urban Field Camp",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Field study of a North American city focusing on social and/or environmental issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2UI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MF3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society; and permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4MS3",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An independent study under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Environment & Society; and permission of the supervising faculty member Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Faculty of Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4MT6",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will select research topics and prepare a thesis either individually or in teams.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 3RD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours program in the School of Earth"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Environment & Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a GPA of at least 7.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSC 4MT6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVIRSC 4MT6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4SR3",
      "title": "Advanced Remote Sensing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on computer-based methods for extraction of information from remotely sensed data using digital image processing techniques.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3SR3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4UD3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Urban Planning",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced examination of key challenges in contemporary urban planning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3UP3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4UF3",
      "title": "The Geography of Gender",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced treatment of key themes and issues in the geography of gender.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ENVSOCTY 4US3",
      "title": "Sustainable Cities",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of social, environmental, and economic dimensions of urban sustainability agendas.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2LE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2UI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above EXPLORE ( Interdisciplinary Experiences ) EXPLORE ( Interdisciplinary Experiences ) courses"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "EXPLORE 3IE3",
      "title": "Interdisciplinary Experiences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Interdisciplinary experiential learning opportunities selected from an assortment of modules.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 3IE3",
        "ARTSSCI 3IE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "EXPLORE 3IS0",
      "title": "Interdisciplinary Science Field Work",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Administrative requirement for field work corresponding with EXPLORE 3IS3 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of an Honours Program in the Faculty of Science or Arts & Science program; and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 3IS0",
        "SCIENCE 3IS0",
        "EXPLORE 3IS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "EXPLORE 3IS3",
      "title": "Interdisciplinary Science Field Camp",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An interdisciplinary field camp experience to introduce students to field investigations, equipment and methodologies used by a range of professionals including ecologists, Earth and environmental scientists.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of an Honours Program in the Faculty of Science or Arts & Science program; and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 3IS3",
        "SCIENCE 3IS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 1AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to French Studies: Intermediate I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Oral and written production and comprehension (level B1 of the CEFRL), and introduction to literary analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Grade 12 French U ( core, immersion, or français) . Students with CEFRL A2 range competencies should contact the Department of French for placement in the course most appropriate to their abilities"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 2M06",
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 2AA3",
        "FRENCH 2AB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 1AB3",
      "title": "Introduction to French Studies: Intermediate II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Oral and written production and comprehension (level B1 of the CEFRL), and introduction to literary analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 1AA3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 2M06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 1CT3",
      "title": "Foundations of Translation (Taught in English and French)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This Level I translation course offered in a bilingual environment (the students will compare French and English grammar, syntax, vocabulary and semantics) is a different way of learning structures an",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Grade 11 French U ( core or immersion) or CEFRL A2-B1 range competencies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 1ZA3",
      "title": "Intensive French Beginner I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An intensive course for developing oral and written production and comprehension (level A1 of the CEFRL).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "This course is designed for students with no background in French"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 1Z06",
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 1AA3",
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 1ZB3",
        "FRENCH 2Z06",
        "FRENCH 2ZA3",
        "FRENCH 2ZB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 1ZB3",
      "title": "Intensive French Beginner II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An intensive course for developing oral and written production and comprehension (level A1 of the CEFRL).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "CEFRL A1.1 range of competencies should contact the Department of French for placement in the course most appropriate to their abilities"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 1Z06",
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 1AA3",
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 2M06",
        "FRENCH 2Z06",
        "FRENCH 2ZA3",
        "FRENCH 2ZB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to French Studies: Intermediate I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Oral and written production and comprehension (level B1 of the CEFRL), and introduction to literary analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 1AA3",
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 2M06",
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 2AB3",
        "FRENCH 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2AB3",
      "title": "Introduction to French Studies. Intermediate II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Oral and written production and comprehension (level B1 of the CEFRL), and introduction to literary analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 2M06",
        "FRENCH 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2AC3",
      "title": "Introduction to Francophone Literatures and Cultures",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of the francophone literatures and cultures outside of Europe and Canada (Africa, Caribbean and Asia) in both their specificity and their interconnectedness.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2B03",
      "title": "French Language Practice I: Upper Intermediate",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Oral and written production and comprehension (level B2 of the CEFRL).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 4R06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2BB3",
      "title": "French Language Practice II: Upper Intermediate",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Continuation of FRENCH 2B03 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 2B03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 4R06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2CC3",
      "title": "Women’s Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of key themes of French and francophone women’s writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2CT3",
      "title": "Elementary Translation from French to English",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to translation and comparative stylistics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 3GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2E03",
      "title": "Survey of Quebec Literature and Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Selected novels, plays and poems representative of the main currents of Quebec literature and culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2F03",
      "title": "Survey of French and Francophone Literature",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Examination of a representative sampling of texts from various periods and genres.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2I03",
      "title": "Professional French I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to Professional French through study of terminology from several fields, placed in context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2L03",
      "title": "Introduction to Literary Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to various techniques and approaches in literary analysis, with practical application to Francophone texts from different eras and literary genres.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2OR3",
      "title": "Conversational French Elementary",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This conversational French course will be of particular interest to students who discontinued their study in French earlier on in high school and would like to resume practicing their conversational s",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Students should have some experience in French conversation"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "prior to enrollment ( CEFRL A2+ / B1- range competencies would be suitable ) . The course is open to students of levels 1-4 from all faculties"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with the exception of Humanities French majors ( BA , Combined Hons. BA , or Hons. BA ) . Students intending to complete a Minor in French or the Alternate Pathway for the Certificate in Professional French may enroll. If you are not sure of your competency level"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "please consult with the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2Q03",
      "title": "Montreal, a City of Many Faces (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course on Montreal, the biggest francophone city in Canada attracting many young people will allow to discover many faces of the city through a look at its different cultures, communities, and neighbourhoods.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2XX3",
      "title": "French Movie Stars and Entertainers (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will investigate the “Star” persona of well-known French movie stars and entertainers, examining their public images and reputations among audiences in France and abroad.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2ZA3",
      "title": "Intensive French Elementary I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A sequel to FRENCH 1ZB3 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 1Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "CEFRL A1-A1.1 range competencies should contact the Department of French for placement in the course most appropriate to their abilities"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 2Z06",
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 1AA3",
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 2AA3",
        "FRENCH 2AB3",
        "FRENCH 2M06",
        "FRENCH 2ZB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 2ZB3",
      "title": "Intensive French Elementary II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A sequel to FRENCH 2ZA3 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "CEFRL A2 range competencies should contact the Department of French for placement in the course most appropriate to their abilities"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 2Z06",
        "FRENCH 1A06",
        "FRENCH 1AA3",
        "FRENCH 1AB3",
        "FRENCH 2M06",
        "FRENCH 2AA3",
        "FRENCH 2AB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3AA3",
      "title": "The Modern French-Canadian Novel",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of representative novels by contemporary authors with emphasis upon the relationship between representation and meaning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3AC3",
      "title": "Francophone Writers",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A choice of important figures of the Francophone world outside of Europe and Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3C03",
      "title": "French Language Practice III: Advanced",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Oral and written production and comprehension (level C1 of the CEFRL).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 2BB3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 4R06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3CT3",
      "title": "Elementary Translation from English to French",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to translation and comparative stylistics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 2B03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 2G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3EE3",
      "title": "Recent French Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Major trends and texts of French literature from the 1970s to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3HH3",
      "title": "Francophone Voices in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of Francophone Canadian literature produced outside of Quebec (most notably in Ontario and the Maritimes) as well as North American Indigenous literature written in French.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3II3",
      "title": "Professional French II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Follow-up to FRENCH 2I03 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 2I03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3KK3",
      "title": "Revolutionary Literature Before the Revolution: Voltaire, Rousseau and",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Beaumarchais 3 unit(s) Texts representing the main aspects of Enlightenment thought and literature from Candide to the Revolution.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3P03",
      "title": "History and Philosophy of Education",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An overview of education from ancient Greece to modernity: philosophical grounds, institutions, knowledge dissemination methods, and role of language teaching.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3PP6",
      "title": "Teaching French as a Second Language: From Theory to Practice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An experiential learning course for students who are interested in pursuing a teaching career.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program and permission of the department. Students are expected to have CEFRL B2 range competencies or completed DELF B2 examination and must contact the Department of French for enrollment"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 4P06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3Q03",
      "title": "Seventeenth-Century French Literature",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A consideration of selected themes as they appear in the works of major French writers of the 17th century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 3QQ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 3W03",
      "title": "Twentieth-Century French Literature",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Key movements and texts of 20th century literature, to the 1960s.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of French above Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4CC3",
      "title": "Theoretical Reflections on Interdisciplinarity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the formation of academic disciplines and the emergence of interdisciplinary thought in Western science and humanities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4CT3",
      "title": "Intermediate Translation from English to French",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A follow-up to FRENCH 3CT3 , elementary translation and from English to French.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "FRENCH 3CT3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "FRENCH 3CC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4DD3",
      "title": "Animals in French and Francophone Literatures",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Thematic study of the various roles animals play in French and francophone texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4DP3",
      "title": "Decolonizing Pedagogies: Teaching Indigenous Literatures in French",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This class looks at an array of scholarship on ethical interactions with Indigenous literatures (ex.: R.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4LL3",
      "title": "Topics in Francophone Literatures",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics may include: important issues in Francophone literatures outside of Europe and Canada, such as women and literature, margins in literature, representation of the self and the other; questions o",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4MM3",
      "title": "Sex, Violence and Elegance: The 18th-Century Novel",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the genesis and themes of representative 18th-century novels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4T03",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The student will prepare under the supervision of a faculty member a research paper involving independent research in an area of study in which the student has already demonstrated a high level of basic knowledge.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4U03",
      "title": "Topics in Literature and Culture of Quebec and Francophone Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topics may include: Paraliteratures: from nineteenth century tales and legends to contemporary science-fiction; Quebec women authors; Quebec cinema; the representation of France and America; the repre",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "FRENCH 4Y03",
      "title": "Topics in 20th-Century French Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Previous topics include: Women’s Writing, The Essay, Gay and Lesbian Novel in France.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "12 units of French beyond Level I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2M06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2OR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "FRENCH 2ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 1A03",
      "title": "Gender, Race, Culture, Power",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An interdisciplinary introduction to Gender Studies and Critical Race Theory focusing on how gender and race shape and are shaped by culture (including popular culture), systems of power and instituti",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "WOMENST 1A03",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "WOMENST 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 1AA3",
      "title": "Gender, Feminism and Social Justice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An interdisciplinary and intersectional introduction to feminism as a tool for critical analysis and as a shaping force deployed (or challenged) by activists in diverse movements to make and sustain s",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "WOMENST 1AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 2AA3",
      "title": "Feminist Thought",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "History of feminist theorizing, including liberal, radical, socialist, multiracial, poststructural, Black, postcolonial, third wave, intersectional, queer and global feminist approaches.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGLISH 2AA3",
        "WOMENST 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 2BB3",
      "title": "Images of the Divine Feminine",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of some of the ways the divine has been portrayed as feminine in diverse cultures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 2BB3",
        "WOMENST 2BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 3BB3",
      "title": "Gender and Visual Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will explore ideas about representation, spectatorship and production in relation to issues of social difference, such as gender, race and class.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 3BB3",
        "THTRFLM 3P03",
        "WOMENST 3BB3",
        "WOMENST 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 3BW3",
      "title": "Gender in Ancient Eastern Mediterranean",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course analyzes gender roles in Biblical literature and other texts of Ancient Near East and Mediterranean regions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 2B03",
        "WOMENST 2B03",
        "WOMENST 3BW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 3FF3",
      "title": "Topics in Gender and Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of gender in one or more religious traditions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3FF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 2SS3",
        "RELIGST 3FF3",
        "WOMENST 3FF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENDRST 3RR3",
      "title": "‘Cripping’ Performance: Deaf, Mad and Disabled Performance in",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Canada 3 unit(s) This course will explore the history and culture of disabled, Mad and Deaf theatre and performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3RR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3RR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 1BZ3",
      "title": "Foundations of Business",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students are given an introduction to the functional areas within businesses and an overview of the local and global business environments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1CS3",
        "GENTECH 1CZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 1PC3",
      "title": "Professional Communications",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will develop their written and oral communications skills with an emphasis on styles appropriate for a technology-based workplace including technical report writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1CS3",
        "GENTECH 1CZ3",
        "GENTECH 3TC3",
        "GENTECH 4TC3",
        "SFGNTECH 4TC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 2EE3",
      "title": "Engineering Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Costing methods of engineering designs and processes; minimum attractive rate of return, return sensitivities, time value of money, internal rates of return, pay-back period, amortization of equipment",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3EE3",
        "SFGNTECH 3EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 2HR3",
      "title": "Human Resource Fundamentals",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides and overview and introduction to the human resource functions that support an organizations goals and objectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1HR3",
        "GENTECH 2PW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 2MP3",
      "title": "Management Principles",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course examines fundamental management principles of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in technology organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1HR3",
        "GENTECH 1OB3",
        "GENTECH 3MP3",
        "GENTECH 3OB3",
        "GENTECH 4T03",
        "SFGNTECH 3MP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3DM3",
      "title": "Creativity, Innovation and Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a blend of hands-on and theoretical treatment on the subject of creating new technological product and service value in our society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFGNTECH 3DM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3EE3",
      "title": "Engineering Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Costing methods for engineering designs and processes; minimum attractive rate of return, return sensitivities, time value of money, internal rates of return, payback period, amortization of equipment",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1EE3",
        "GENTECH 2EE3",
        "SFGNTECH 3EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3FF3",
      "title": "Financial Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course focuses on departmental budget methodologies, understanding and interpretation of various financial statement components in terms of their relevance to managerial decision making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1FS3",
        "GENTECH 1FT3",
        "GENTECH 3FS3",
        "SFGNTECH 3FS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3FS3",
      "title": "Financial Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course focuses on departmental budget methodologies, understanding and interpretation of various financial statement components in terms of their relevance to managerial decision making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1FS3",
        "GENTECH 1FT3",
        "GENTECH 3FF3",
        "SFGNTECH 3FS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3LS3",
      "title": "Quality Control and Assurance Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Statistical tools, tests, design and analysis of planned experiments, Taguchi methods, control charts for variables and attributes, capability analysis, acceptance sampling, elements of reliability, q",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2ES3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ES3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ST3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3T03",
        "GENTECH 4SS3",
        "MANTECH 3LS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3MB3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the 4Ps of marketing: product, price, promotion, and place with a Business-to-Business focus.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program, the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Biotechnology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 4MK3",
        "GENTECH 4MB3",
        "GENTECH 4TS3",
        "SFGNTECH 4MK3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3MP3",
      "title": "Management Principles",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course examines fundamental management principles of planning, organizing, leading and controlling in technology organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, Manufacturing the Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 2MP3",
        "GENTECH 3OB3",
        "SFGNTECH 3MP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 3MT3",
      "title": "Project Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to best practice in the management of technical projects including the use of planning, software and the management of people.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 2MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3MP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3PM3",
        "GENTECH 4PM3",
        "SFGNTECH 4PM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4EM3",
      "title": "Legal and Regulatory Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an introduction to the legal, ethical, and regulatory frameworks that professional engineers and related professions must observe in the Province of Ontario.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in one of the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFGNTECH 4EM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4EN3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Thinking and Innovation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the interrelationship of entrepreneurial thinking and innovation at both the industry and firm level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 2EN3",
        "GENTECH 2ET3",
        "GENTECH 3ET3",
        "GENTECH 3EN3",
        "GENTECH 4EP3",
        "GENTECH 4ET3",
        "SFGNTECH 4EN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4EP3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Thinking and Innovation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the interrelationship of entrepreneurial thinking and innovation at both the industry and firm level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3FS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 4MK3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 2EN3",
        "GENTECH 2ET3",
        "GENTECH 3EN3",
        "GENTECH 4EN3",
        "GENTECH 3ET3",
        "SFGNTECH 4EN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4FT3",
      "title": "Strategic Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly GENTECH 3FT3 This capstone course examines the total view of the organization and how it relates and interacts with various factors in its environment to gain long-term sustainable advantage.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 1FT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3FS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3ET3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 4EP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 4EN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3FT3",
        "GENTECH 3SF3",
        "GENTECH 4SF3",
        "SFGNTECH 4SF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4HE3",
      "title": "Human-Centred Engineering Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This project-based course introduces and applies design thinking principles for addressing technology challenges from a humanistic perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFGNTECH 4HE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4MK3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Marketing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the 4Ps of marketing: product, price, promotion, and place with a Business-to-Business focus.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3MB3",
        "GENTECH 4MB3",
        "GENTECH 4TS3",
        "SFGNTECH 4MK3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4MO3",
      "title": "Operations Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course addresses the management of operations at the strategic, tactical and operations levels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 4OM3",
        "MANTECH 4PM3",
        "SFGNTECH 4MO3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4OM3",
      "title": "Operations Management",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly GENTECH 4SC3 This course addresses the management of operations at the strategic, tactical and operations levels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENTECH 3LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MANTECH 3LS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 4MO3",
        "MANTECH 4PM3",
        "SFGNTECH 4MO3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4PM3",
      "title": "Project Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to best practice in the management of technical projects including the use of planning, software and the management of people.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3MT3",
        "GENTECH 3PM3",
        "SFGNTECH 4PM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4SE3",
      "title": "Technology Ethics and Sustainability",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course explores the social implications and environmental impacts of technologies and the ethical challenges they impose on technology professionals.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVTECH 4EI3",
        "SFGNTECH 4SE3",
        "GENTECH 4TE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4SF3",
      "title": "Strategic Management",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the ‘total’ view of the organization and how it relates and interacts with various factors in its environment to game long-term sustainable advantage.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3FS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 3FT3",
        "GENTECH 3SF3",
        "GENTECH 4FT3",
        "SFGNTECH 4SF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4ST3",
      "title": "Contemporary Issues in Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students are offered a selection of three to four emerging issues of the day as those issues relate to current and emerging technology and management technology practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFGNTECH 4ST3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4TC3",
      "title": "Technical Communications",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the best practices for essential written, spoken, and graphic communications used in technology workplaces.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in one of the Civil Engineering Infrastructure Technology Co-op program, the Manufacturing Engineering Technology Co-op program, or the Power and Energy Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1PC3",
        "GENTECH 3TC3",
        "SFGNTECH 4TC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GENTECH 4TE3",
      "title": "Technology Ethics and Sustainability",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course explores the social implications and environmental impacts of technologies and the ethical challenges they impose on technology professionals.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Biotechnology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVTECH 4EI3",
        "SFGNTECH 4SE3",
        "GENTECH 4SE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 1BL3",
      "title": "Beginner German Language I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a beginners course that will enable students to communicate effectively and accurately in German.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GERMAN 1Z06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2BL3",
      "title": "Beginner German Language II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a continuation of GERMAN 1BL3 and is designed to expand German linguistic skills through practice in reading, writing, listening and speaking, promoting intercultural learning and inter",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GERMAN 1BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GERMAN 1Z06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2FT3",
      "title": "The Fairy Tale (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2GA3",
      "title": "Berlin/Vienna: The Cultural Life of these Cities (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2KK3",
      "title": "Postmodern Alienation and Anxieties - Kafka for the Twenty-First Century (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2N03",
      "title": "The Holocaust in Film and Fiction (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2P03",
      "title": "Modern Germany Through Film: Golden 20s - Avant Garde - Transnational Cinema (Taught in",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "English)",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 2Q03",
      "title": "Horror Film: Vampires, Monsters, and Mad Scientists (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 3H03",
      "title": "The New Europe: A New Germany (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Courses If no prerequisite is listed, the course is open.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 3IL3",
      "title": "Intermediate German Language and Conversation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course is designed to further expand German linguistic skills through integrated and interactive practice in reading, writing, listening and speaking.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GERMAN 1Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GERMAN 2BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GERMAN 1B03",
        "GERMAN 1BB3",
        "GERMAN 2Z03",
        "GERMAN 2ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GERMAN 4II3",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The student will prepare, under the supervision of a faculty member, a research paper involving independent study in an area where the student has already demonstrated competence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "12 units of"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 1A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Greek and Roman Archaeology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 1B03",
      "title": "An Introduction to Ancient Myth and Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 1M03",
      "title": "History of Greece and Rome",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2B03",
      "title": "Greek Art",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2BB3",
      "title": "Constructing the Ancient World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2C03",
      "title": "Roman Art",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2CC3",
      "title": "Archaeology of the Roman Empire",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2D03",
      "title": "Greek and Roman Mythology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2E03",
      "title": "The Ancient World in Film",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2HA3",
      "title": "Athens and Sparta: Democracy, Oligarchy, and War",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2HB3",
      "title": "From Alexander to Cleopatra: Cosmopolis and Empire",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2HC3",
      "title": "Caesar and the Rise of Autocracy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2HD3",
      "title": "Nero, Decadence, and the End of a Dynasty",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2K03",
      "title": "The Society of Greece and Rome",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2LW3",
      "title": "Ancient Law",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of the law and legal systems of the ancient world, from Mesopotamia, ancient Israel, Greece, and Rome.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 2LW3",
        "CLASSICS 2LW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2MT3",
      "title": "Ancient Roots of Medical Terminology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course presents Greek and Latin roots out of which is built the vocabulary of contemporary medicine and reveals the predictable patterns by which these roots combine.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 2MT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 2YY3",
      "title": "Greek Tragedy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3EE3",
      "title": "The Greek Historians",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3ER3",
      "title": "Epics of Rome",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3HH3",
      "title": "Roman Slavery",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "c.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3M03",
      "title": "Greek Intellectual Revolution",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3MT3",
      "title": "Advanced Ancient Roots of Medical Terminology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course continues and develops the methods and materials introduced in CLASSICS GKROMST 2MT3, presenting advanced and specialized medical terms and an introduction to the major Latin corpus of ana",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CLASSICS 2MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2MT3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 3MT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3N03",
      "title": "Connectivity in the Ancient Mediterranean",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3Q03",
      "title": "Greek Sanctuaries",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3S03",
      "title": "Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Ostia",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "b.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3X03",
      "title": "Roman Religion",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the role of religion in Roman public and private life using literary, documentary and archaeological evidence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 3X03",
        "CLASSICS 3X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 3YY3",
      "title": "Ovid",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "d.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4E03",
      "title": "Seminar in Ancient Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Consult the Department for the topic to be offered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Six units from Level III CLASSICS"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "GKROMST"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in Classics"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Greek and Roman Studies CLASSICS"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 4E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4F03",
      "title": "Seminar in Ancient History",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Consult the Department for the topic to be offered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Nine units from CLASSICS"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GKROMST 2HA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2HC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2HD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GKROMST 3X03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in Classics"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Greek and Roman Studies or History"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 4FA3",
        "CLASSICS 4F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4FP3",
      "title": "Field Practicum in Greek and Roman Archaeology",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn the techniques of archaeology in the field (survey, excavation, finds processing) by participating in an excavation at a classical site in the Mediterranean area.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Six units of CLASSICS"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GKROMST 2BB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 4FP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4H03",
      "title": "Death and Commemoration in the Roman World",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of attitudes to death and commemoration at ancient Rome incorporating written sources and material culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Nine units of CLASSICS or GKROMST including at least three units at Level III or above or registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in Classics or Greek and Roman Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4L03",
      "title": "Athenian Democracy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the institutional, social and cultural dynamics of popular self-government in Athens, exploring how Athenian democracy compares and contrasts with democracy today.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Nine units from CLASSICS"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GKROMST 2HA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2HC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2HD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2LD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GKROMST 3X03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in Classics"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Greek and Roman Studies or History"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 4LL3",
        "CLASSICS 4L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4MR3",
      "title": "The Myth and Reality of Troy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A consideration of the role that the Trojans played in the history, art, and literature of the Greeks and Romans.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Nine units of CLASSICS"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "GKROMST including three units from CLASSICS"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours program in Classics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Greek and Roman Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 4MR3",
        "CLASSICS 4E03",
        "GKROMST 4E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4RE3",
      "title": "Research Methods in Greek and Roman Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "What are the main fields of research in Greek and Roman Studies? What research methods are used and what resources are available? How do you find and develop a new research idea? In this intensive sem",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Nine units of CLASSICS"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "GKROMST including three units from CLASSICS"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GKROMST 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours program in Classics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Greek and Roman Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GKROMST 4T03",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Reading and research in Greek and Roman Studies, supervised by a department member and culminating in a major paper to be evaluated by the supervisor, with confirmation by a second reader.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours program in Classics or Greek and Roman Studies with a Grade Point Average of at least 9.5, and permission of the Department. Health"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GLOBALZN 1A03",
      "title": "Global Citizenship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an interdisciplinary introduction to globalization through a critical engagement with the idea of global citizenship in the contemporary context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GLOBALZN 2GL0",
      "title": "Get Ready, Get globally Engaged",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The goal of this course is to prepare McMaster students for studying or working abroad, by examining the social and historical contexts, traditions, practices, customs, and risks that may differ from",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GLOBALZN 3A03",
      "title": "Think Globally, Act Locally: Globalization, Social Justice, and",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Human Rights 3 unit(s) This course examines competing theories, issues, and debates relating to the promotion of social justice and human rights in a Globally interconnected world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 1Z03",
      "title": "Beginner’s Intensive Ancient Greek I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 1ZZ3",
      "title": "Beginner’s Intensive Ancient Greek II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course continues the study of the grammar of Ancient Greek begun in GREEK 1Z03 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GREEK 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with a grade of at least C is accepted as a prerequisite for admission to any Honours program in Greek and Roman Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "or"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with a grade of at least C-"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "for admission to the B.A. program in Greek and Roman Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 2A03",
      "title": "Intermediate Greek I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course continues the study of Greek grammar begun in GREEK 1Z03 and 1ZZ3 and introduces students to the reading of simple passages from Greek authors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "One of Grade 12 Greek U"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GREEK 1ZZ3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GREEK 2AA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 2AA3",
      "title": "Intermediate Greek II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of selected passages from Greek authors designed to develop further the student’s proficiency in reading Greek.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "GREEK 2A03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 3AA3",
      "title": "Greek Prose",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Selected readings in one or more Greek prose authors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GREEK 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GREEK 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different author/work"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 3BB3",
      "title": "Topics in Greek Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Consult the Department for the topic to be offered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GREEK 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GREEK 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 3E03",
      "title": "Topics in Greek Poetry",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Consult the department for the topic to be offered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "GREEK 4T03",
      "title": "Independent Study in Greek",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Selected readings from Greek authors supervised by a member of the Department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Six units of Level III Greek and registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "IV of any Honours program in Classics"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Greek"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Roman Studies"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HEBREW 2A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Biblical Hebrew I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the basics of grammar, syntax and vocabulary of the language of the Hebrew Bible.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HEBREW 2B03",
      "title": "Introduction to Biblical Hebrew II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to more grammar, syntax and vocabulary of the language of the Hebrew Bible.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HEBREW 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2HC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 2HC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 2HD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1CC3",
      "title": "Ten Empires that Shaped our World, 500 BCE to Present",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A thematic survey of the interactions among peoples, cultures, and the environment as structured by evolving political and economic systems in the pre-modern era.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 1B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1DD3",
      "title": "The Making of the Modern World, 1750-1945",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1EE3",
      "title": "The Historical Roots of Contemporary Issues",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An investigation of the complex historical roots of contemporary social, political, and economic issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1M03",
      "title": "History of Greece and Rome",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1MA3",
      "title": "The Powers of Modern East Asia: Constitutional Politics and",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Historical Changes 3 unit(s) As exemplified by the Two Koreas or China before and after 1978, East Asian countries have taken vastly different trajectories of development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1P03",
      "title": "A History of Magic",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1PP3",
      "title": "Pop Goes the Past!",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "History has a valued place in pop culture that impacts the public understanding of the past.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 1Q03",
      "title": "History of Medicine",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2A03",
      "title": "Modern Middle Eastern Societies",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2AM3",
      "title": "Anatomy of a Moment",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This topics course puts a discrete moment in history under the microscope.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above This course may be repeated, if on a different topic, to a total of six units"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2CC3",
      "title": "The Medieval World 400-1050",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The Early Middle Ages: The barbarian kingdoms to the feudal monarchies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2CH3",
      "title": "Introduction to Critical Heritage Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "What is “Heritage”? How does it differ from History? Using Canadian and international examples the course examines the multiple ways in which the concept of heritage is understood and used, in relatio",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2CS3",
      "title": "The History of Slavery in the Americas",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2DD3",
      "title": "The Medieval World 1050-1400",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The High and Late Middle Ages: Themes in European history, society and culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2DF3",
      "title": "From the Guillotine to the Eiffel Tower, France 1789-1889",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines art and the narrative of revolutionary politics in France from c.1789 to 1889.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTHIST 2DF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2EN3",
      "title": "The Post-Slavery Caribbean",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course considers the transition to freedom in the Caribbean from the late nineteenth century and the social, political, and cultural transformation of the region following the end of slavery.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 3RC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2G03",
      "title": "Modern Latin America Since 1820",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Liberalism, nationalism, militarism and the various revolutions will be covered, as well as the U.S.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2GW3",
      "title": "A History of Global War",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of the course and development of the two global wars of the twentieth century covering the period from 1914 to 1945.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 2S03",
        "HISTORY 2Y03",
        "PEACEST 2GW3",
        "PEACJUST 2GW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2HC3",
      "title": "The History of Childhood (In)Justice in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how diverse childhoods have been shaped by injustice and movements for justice from the late 19th century to today in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACJUST 2HC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2HE3",
      "title": "History of Education in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course considers the development of education as an institution within Canadian society and provides an understanding of significant educational issues and policies from a historical perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above First offered in 2026-27"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2HH3",
      "title": "Pirates, Pilgrims and the Enslaved in the Mediterranean, 1450-1750",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the Mediterranean region as a zone of intense cultural interaction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "RELIGST 2FF3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2II3",
      "title": "Modern Germany",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the complexities of German social and political history since 1890, including World War One, Third Reich, cold war division, questions of national identity and the peaceful revolution of 1989.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 2II3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2IS3",
      "title": "Historical Roots of Current Social and Political Crises in the United",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "States 3 unit(s) This course explores the historical roots of current social and political challenges in the United States with emphasis on histories of race, gender, class, citizenship status, and other hierarchies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2J03",
      "title": "Africa up to 1800",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Survey of the political, social and economic history of Africa including the evolution of early human cultures, the rise and fall of civilizations and the contact between Africans and Europeans.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 2J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2JJ3",
      "title": "Africa since 1800",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Survey of the political, social and economic history of Africa including the partitioning of the continent, the practices of European imperialism, independence and the process of national building.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 2JJ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2KK3",
      "title": "History of Capitalism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A History of Capitalism from 1500 to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 2BF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2LM3",
      "title": "Love and Monsters",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course asks how, where, when love and monsters intersect.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2MC3",
      "title": "Modern China",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of China from 1840 to the present, with emphasis on political developments, revolutionary movements, social change, and China’s relations with East Asia and the West.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2MI3",
      "title": "Modern Ireland",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course surveys political and social conflict in Ireland since the eighteenth century: from the emergence of a polarised sectarian society, through devastating famine and revolutionary turmoil, to",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2MP3",
      "title": "The Irrational West: Moral Panic, Conspiracy and Disinformation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "since the Enlightenment 3 unit(s) This course asks how and why people in the West over the past two centuries have often succumbed to prejudice and passion and abandoned toleration and reason, privile",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2PP3",
      "title": "From Archive to History",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with field experience working in the archives under the direction of a trained archivist.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2PQ3",
      "title": "Histories of the Written Word",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "How do we know what we know about the past? Working with rare books and maps from McMaster’s collections, students will explore the history of writing & recording information around the world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2Q03",
      "title": "Imperial Russia",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of Russian history from Peter the Great to the Revolutions of 1917.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2QH3",
      "title": "Queer North America",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Across North America, Queer histories are under attack, yet these acts of erasure are nothing new.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2QQ3",
      "title": "The Soviet Union",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A history of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the present with an emphasis on social history, culture and identity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2RF3",
      "title": "The Rise, Fall and Rise Again of Far Right Populism and",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Authoritarianism 3 unit(s) An analysis of the origins and development of modern far right political movements from the early 20th century to the early 21st century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2RR3",
      "title": "U.S. History Since the Civil War",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of the political, cultural, social and economic development of the United States from Reconstruction to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2SH3",
      "title": "Canadian Sport History",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2SS3",
      "title": "Liberty, Empire and Industry: Britain, 1688-1867",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A wide-ranging survey of the British experience from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the widening of the Parliamentary franchise that included working-class men for the first time in 1867.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 2MM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2ST3",
      "title": "Empire, War, Welfare State: Britain, 1867-2020",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2T03",
      "title": "Survey of Canadian History, Beginnings to 1885",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the political, cultural, social and economic development of Canada to 1885, from first nations and colonial origins to Confederation and the North West Rebellion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2TC3",
      "title": "True Crime",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Historians are like detectives: they hunt for clues to give meaning to past events.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2TT3",
      "title": "Survey of Canadian History, 1885 to the Present",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the political, cultural, social and economic development of modern Canada, from the North West Rebellion and nation-building era to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 2V03",
      "title": "Re-Making History",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course invites students to participate in the remaking of a moment in history-in the emotions, debates and conflicts that made that event important for our twenty-first-century world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3AR3",
      "title": "Atlantic Revolutions, 1750-1804",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intensive exploration of the great eighteenth-century Atlantic Revolutions in comparative perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3BE3",
      "title": "The British Empire",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "How the rise and retreat of the British Empire shaped the modern world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3CG3",
      "title": "Canadians in a Global Age, 1914 to the Present",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course considers ways in which global developments influenced and were influenced by Canadian peoples, with a thematic emphasis on selected developments such as wars and revolutions, the developm",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3CH3",
      "title": "Climate History",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of how natural and technological disasters have shaped past societies and how catastrophe features as an important method of understanding the human condition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3DD3",
      "title": "Jews and Jesus",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of Judaism in the Greco-Roman World.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 3DD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 3DD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3DF3",
      "title": "Art and Politics in Second Empire France",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the intersections of politics and visual culture in France 1852-1870 and critical issues related to photography, painting, sculpture, printmaking, architecture and the Universal E",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3J03",
        "ARTHIST 3DF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3DS3",
      "title": "Diasporas, Trade and Conflict: The Sea in History, 1000 BCE to Present",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the global socio-economic, cultural and political impact of maritime communities, from the Polynesians and Chinese to the Ottomans and Europeans.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3EC3",
      "title": "Chinese Intellectual Traditions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of philosophical traditions and political thought in pre-modern Chinese history.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3FF3",
      "title": "Nazi Germany",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the origins and growth of National Socialism, its twelve years in power and the war that led to its demise.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3H03",
      "title": "Culture and Education in the Italian Renaissance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3HQ3",
      "title": "History of Quebec",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3HT3",
      "title": "Teaching and Learning of History",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the teaching and learning of history in both formal and informal educational settings (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3I03",
      "title": "The International Relations of the European Powers, 1870-1945",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the origins and course of the First World War; the failure of post-war stabilization; and the origins and course of the Second World War.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3J03",
      "title": "The United States in the 1960s",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the political, social and cultural changes that occurred in the United States during the 1960s.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3JJ3",
      "title": "Crime, Constables, and Courts: Modern Criminal Justice, 1700 to Present",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3JR3",
      "title": "Justice and Reparations in the Post-slavery World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This comparative course examines struggles for justice and freedom in post-slavery societies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3KK3",
      "title": "The Vietnam War",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3N03",
      "title": "Poverty, Privilege and Protest in Canadian History",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the political, economic, and social factors shaping the persistence of poverty in Canada in the 1800s and 1900s, together with an analysis of reactions to such inequality.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 3BC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3RU3",
      "title": "Early Modern Russia",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the changing character of Russia in the pre-modern period.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration at Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3SR3",
      "title": "Histories of Indigenous Sport and Recreation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Sport and recreation improve quality of life with physical health, personal wellness and fostering belonging.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 3Q03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3ST3",
      "title": "Street Life in Canada",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the role the street has played in Canada since the mid-19th century in shaping lives and identities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration at Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3TC3",
      "title": "Science, Technology in World History",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3TR3",
      "title": "Trees and their Histories",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Inspired by the trees on McMaster’s campus, this course examines trees and their significance in history and the present through multiple lenses including: biology; colonial and economic histories; vi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II and above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3TU3",
      "title": "History of You",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "We are all historical actors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INSPIRE 3TU3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3UA3",
      "title": "The History of the Future",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how technology has historically shaped social ideas about the future and how these social ideas about the future shaped subsequent technology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3UV3",
      "title": "American Foreign Relations since 1898",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Survey of major events and turning points of U.S.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 2UV3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3WW3",
      "title": "Women and Gender in the United States and Canada Since 1920",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3XX3",
      "title": "Human Rights in History",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students should note, however, that not all of these courses will be available online every year.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3YB3",
      "title": "Youth Subcultures in Britain: From the Teds to the Acid Ravers",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Post-World War II youth formed distinctive sub-cultures based on music, fashion and visual culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 3ZZ3",
      "title": "Judaism in the Modern World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Jews and Judaism in a century of catastrophe and renewal.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 2XX3",
        "RELIGST 3ZZ3",
        "SCAR 3ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4AR3",
      "title": "Arks & Archives",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course considers histories of the arks and archives that are designed to preserve people, ideas, and things against global catastrophe; the relationship between power and information; and how mar",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4CM3",
      "title": "Modern Canadian History",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A selected theme in the history of modern Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4CY3",
      "title": "History of Children and Youth",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Explores core concepts in the History of Children and Youth, with an emphasis on new theoretical approaches and emerging methodologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4DH3",
      "title": "Explorations in Digital Humanities",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the principles and applications of digital humanities approaches, methodologies, and tools.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4DW3",
      "title": "Indigenous History in a Decolonizing World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to be an in-depth seminar examining Indigenous history centered around the theories and methodologies of ‘decolonization’.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4E03",
      "title": "Medieval People",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of some representative medieval lives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4FF3",
      "title": "History of Health and Medicine in the Colonial World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Themes will vary, and may include health and medicine from a comparative perspective, the relationship between imperialism and medicine, public health and urban environment, exercise and health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4FG3",
      "title": "Families, Gender and the Law in the Post-emancipation Americas",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Focusing on the lived experiences of formerly enslaved people and newly arrived Asian immigrants in the post-slavery Americas, this course examines debates and policies dealing with gender, the family",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4FM3",
      "title": "Female Makers and their Histories",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the creations of female-identifying makers and collectors - including visual artists, fashion designers, and art patrons - from the 11th century through to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4G03",
      "title": "Nation and Genocide in the Modern World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A thematic study of genocide and mass murder in the twentieth century from a human rights and humanitarian law perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History, Global Peace and Social Justice, or Peace Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4GG3",
        "PEACJUST 4GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4HH3",
      "title": "China’s Great Cultural Revolution",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical assessment of the origins, development, and consequences of the darkest political campaign in 1960s-70s China.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4HM3",
      "title": "History, Heritage and Memory: How the Past is Used in Modern",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Western Culture 3 unit(s) This course will explore how the past is represented and used within western societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4HP3",
      "title": "Heritage Placement",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The heritage placement offers a capstone experience for upper-level students.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program in History"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HISTORY 2CH3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV of any program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 3HP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4I03",
      "title": "Women and Social Movements in the 19th- and 20th- Century United",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "States 3 unit(s) Women’s involvement in social movements such as anti-lynching, unionization, feminism and civil rights is used to discuss power, social change, race, femininity, masculinity and class in U.S.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4JJ3",
      "title": "U.S. Foreign Relations",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics in the history of the United States Foreign relations in the modern era.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4LP3",
      "title": "The Cultural History of Paris, 1789-1914",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics to be examined include: developments in architecture and city planning; the conservation of historic buildings and monuments; cultural institutions such as museums and art exhibitions; and the",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTHIST 4LP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4PP3",
      "title": "Divided Germany",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar will examine the social, political, and cultural development of East and West Germany from Allied occupation to the fall of the Berlin Wall.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4QQ3",
      "title": "The Soviet Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Focuses on themes and issues of historical and historiographical importance in Russia from 1917.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4QR3",
      "title": "Quantitative Research on Major Topics in History",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of selected major topics where statistics have been prominent (for example, the emergence of modern economies, the slave trade, class and wealth, local and regional studies, crime); assessment",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History. Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4RP3",
      "title": "Independent Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A reading and/or research program under the supervision of one member of the Department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History with a Grade Point Average of at least 9.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 4RP6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4RP6",
      "title": "Advanced Independent Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A reading and research program under the supervision of one member of the Department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History with a Grade Point Average of at least 10.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 4RP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4RR3",
      "title": "Truth and Reconciliation After Atrocity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores truth commissions and other truth-seeking mechanisms established globally to address historical atrocities and contemporary human rights abuses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History, Global Peace and Social Justice, or Peace Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4RR3",
        "PEACJUST 4RR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4S03",
      "title": "The German Reformation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the Reformation as a critical religious, political and cultural event.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4SS3",
      "title": "Early Modern France, 1450-1789",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "France was without question one of the most powerful polities in early modern Europe and serves as a useful focal point for understanding the emergence of absolutism, colonization, imperialism, urbani",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HISTORY 4TT3",
      "title": "Interwar Europe, 1918-1939",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A seminar devoted to the examination of selected themes - cultural, diplomatic, economic, military, political, and social - in the history of interwar Europe.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 1AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Health and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the key themes and questions concerning health and health care from within social sciences perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 1BB3",
      "title": "Alphas, Boomers, and Zoomers: Aging and Generations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "From a multidisciplinary perspective, this course explores how generations are defined, the legitimacy of these categories, and how they shape everyday life, including: culture, technology, work, and politics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 1CC3",
      "title": "Introduction to Mental Health and Illness",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to well-being and the basic types of mental disorders from social, psychological, behavioral, and medical perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3",
      "title": "Inquiry: Introduction to Health and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This inquiry course is designed to develop skills basic to an introduction to the key themes and questions concerning health and health care from within social sciences perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of Honours Health and Society"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 1AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2A03",
      "title": "Research Methods in Health and in Aging I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the qualitative and quantitative research methods used in the social sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2A03",
        "ENVSOCTY 3MA3",
        "GEOG 3MA3",
        "HLTHAGE 2A06",
        "HLTHAGE 3Z06",
        "SOCSCI 2K03",
        "SOCIOL 2Z03",
        "SOCPSY 2K03",
        "SOCSCI 2T03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2AN3",
      "title": "Food and Nutrition in Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Sociocultural and biological perspectives on nutrition at community and population levels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 2AN3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2B03",
      "title": "Social Identity, Health and Illness",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical exploration of the role of class, race, gender, ability and age in patterns of health and illness.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2BB3",
      "title": "Perspectives in Health, Aging and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Explores social aspects of health and aging at both the individual and societal levels using a variety of approaches such as life course perspective, political economy, social constructionism, self id",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2C03",
      "title": "Health Economics and its Application to Health Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Economic analyses of health and health care, with a special emphasis on policy issues in the Canadian health care system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 3Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2D03",
      "title": "Continuum of Care",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course will critically examine the continuum of care options for older adults needing support and services in later life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 4E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2F03",
      "title": "Aging and Health Care Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the available international evidence on the impact of aging on health and long-term care expenditures and organization, as well as the choices various societies are making around",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2GG3",
      "title": "Mental Health and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of mental health and illness from different social, cultural and historical perspectives, including consideration of changing notions of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2HI3",
      "title": "Health & Place",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to health geography.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2HI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2J03",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Aging and Society",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will provide an exploration of selected topics in aging.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2K03",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Health and Society",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will provide an exploration of selected topics in Health Studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2L03",
      "title": "Drugs, Sex and Alcohol: Society and its Addictions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course analyzes the place of addictions in modern society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2M03",
      "title": "Aging in Modern (and Post-Modern) Families",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines how aging and gender combine to affect a range of relationships across different types of family.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2N03",
      "title": "Treatment Within the World of Mental Illness: Desperation and",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Debate 3 unit(s) This course analyzes the treatment of mental health problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2O03",
      "title": "Canadian Children",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course deals with the spectrum of issues related to Canadian children such as family, socialization, identity formation, moral development, abuse and strategies for a better future.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 2CC3",
        "SOCSCI 2O03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2P03",
      "title": "Sex and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores how individual and contextual factors affect our sex lives and well-being using various theoretical perspectives, particularly emphasizing quantitative research and psychological",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Wellbeing"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 2Q03",
      "title": "Canadian Adolescents",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course deals with a spectrum of issues related to Canadian adolescents such as identity formation, sexuality, peer groups and power and the social politics of career formation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 2P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3AA3",
      "title": "State, Civil Society and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores how states, citizens, and civil society act and interact in the definition and pursuit of health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3AB3",
      "title": "The Animal-Human Bond and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores key topics and concepts at the intersection of animals and health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3B03",
      "title": "Advanced Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides hands-on learning where students develop skills in planning and conducting research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a Health"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Aging and Society program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 3G03",
        "SOCIOL 3O03",
        "SOCPSY 3L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3D03",
      "title": "Perspectives on Disability, Chronic Illness and Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Designed to provide a critical examination of the interdisciplinary aspects of disability, chronic illness and aging and to gain deeper insights into the complex nature of living with a disability and/or chronic illness.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3DD3",
      "title": "Workers’ Health and Well-Being in a Changing World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "How do pandemics, extreme heat, and artificial intelligence impact workers health and well-being? Have laws and policies kept pace with shifts in hazards facing workers? Have workplace policies and pr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3D03",
        "WORKLABR 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3E03",
      "title": "Ethical Issues in Health and Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Ethical issues of current relevance to debates in aging, health and health care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 3L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3EE3",
      "title": "Health, Aging, and the Practice of Everyday Life: Observations from",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "the Field 3 unit(s) This course explores how health and/or aging are practiced by people in their everyday lives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Health, Aging and Society"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 3BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3G03",
      "title": "Community Based Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the theories and practice of community based research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a program in Health"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Aging and Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 2A06",
        "HLTHAGE 3A03",
        "HLTHAGE 3B03",
        "HLTHAGE 3Z06",
        "SOCIOL 3O03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3HP3",
      "title": "Population, Health and Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Differential growth of human populations and their changing age and sex structures with an emphasis on birth and death processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 1HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3HP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3I03",
      "title": "Independent Study in Health, Aging and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The student will select a topic relevant to Health, Aging and Society for an in-depth investigation under the supervision of a faculty member and write an independent research paper.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above of any Health"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Aging and Society program and permission of the Department Chair"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3K03",
      "title": "Social Determinants of Population Health in Canada",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the social determinants of population health framework.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3L03",
      "title": "Embodied Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the centrality of the body in social gerontological knowledge, policies and practices related to aging, and the experiences of late life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3M03",
      "title": "Approaches to Mental Health and Resilience",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Resiliency is a key concept in the field of social sciences and mental health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3N03",
      "title": "Aging and Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the mental health of older adults from a variety of perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3Q03",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Health and Aging",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics may vary from year to year.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3R03",
      "title": "Health Inequalities",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the key concepts, theories and measures of health inequalities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3T03",
      "title": "Health and Incarceration",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the health and well-being of incarcerated individuals, including youth in conflict with the law and the incarcerated elderly.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 3YY3",
      "title": "Indigenous Community Health and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical examination of the determinants of health in Aboriginal communities, processes of community revitalization, and recent government policy initiatives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration on Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 3Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 3Y03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4AB3",
      "title": "Living Well with Dementia: Social and Physical Environments",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to key aspects of dementia studies from a number of disciplinary perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4B03",
      "title": "Death and Dying in Later Life",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course addresses quality of life at the end of life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4BB3",
      "title": "Aging and Technology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This seminar course is designed to critically explore the ways in which age and aging are increasingly intertwined with the development, deployment, and use of technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4BC3",
      "title": "Civic Engagement and Applied Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course gives students an opportunity to participate in applied research in a civic engagement context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4C03",
      "title": "Representations of Health and Illness Across the Lifecourse",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of representations of health and illness across the life course.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4CH3",
      "title": "Global Health Crises",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar course introduces to students the conditions, experiences, and effects of global health crises, as well as the dynamics and politics of societal and public health responses to those crise",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4D03",
      "title": "Health, Culture and Diversity",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of contemporary issues in health and illness from cross cultural and international perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4F03",
      "title": "Selected Issues in Health and Society",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced exploration of the social aspects of health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4G03",
      "title": "Global Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to priority problems in health in a global context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4H03",
      "title": "History and Culture of Aging",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the diverse trends in aging, leading to a greater understanding of aging in past and present societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4I03",
      "title": "Aging and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Addresses the biological, psychological and socio-political factors influencing the health of elderly persons from a broad national and international perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4J03",
      "title": "Narratives of Illness",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar explores the role that narratives of illness play in describing, shaping and interrogating the experiences of those who are ‘unwell’.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4L03",
      "title": "Social Policy and Aging",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced exploration of social aspects of aging including gender and health, family relationships and retirement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4M03",
      "title": "Environment and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of environmental health issues research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2HI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2HI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 4HH3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4N03",
      "title": "Aging and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the diverse meanings of health and wellness to older adults and analyzes the different mechanisms through which health and well-being can be maximized such as providing for physic",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4O03",
      "title": "Soundscapes of Wellbeing in Popular Music",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the dynamics between music, health and wellbeing, considering the use of music by health sectors, and the places of music in cultural life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4P03",
      "title": "Leisure and Recreation in Later Life",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses upon characteristics of the aging population and the theoretical aspects of aging as related to recreation, leisure and lifestyle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4Q03",
      "title": "Representations of Mental Illness",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of first-hand accounts and self-representations of mental illness through literature, film, music and art.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4R03",
      "title": "Beyond the Social: Determinants of Indigenous Peoples Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the different ways in which health determinants coincide to impact the health status of Indigenous Peoples.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society, Honours Indigenous Studies, or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4S03",
      "title": "Urban Health Inequalities and the Housing Crisis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examines patterns, process and policies related to how the structure of cities produce health inequalities and connections to the affordable housing crisis, with a focus on the northern hemisphere.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4T03",
      "title": "Gender, Sex and Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will focus on how gender contributes to the differential structuring of the health and health care experiences of men, women and gender minorities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4U03",
      "title": "Professions and Occupations in Health and Aging",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to critical theories and empirical studies on health and aging professions and occupations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4W03",
      "title": "Selected Issues in Aging and Society",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced exploration of the social aspects of Aging.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health, Aging and Society or Honours Social Psychology program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HLTHAGE 4Z06",
      "title": "Health, Aging and Society Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides an opportunity for students to integrate knowledge, practice, and research in a project related to their area of interest.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Health"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Aging"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Society program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 3B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HLTHAGE 3G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "another approved statistics course and permission of the Department. Enrolment in this course is limited ( see Departmental Notes above ) . Health Sciences Faculty Note This course listing is divided into two parts: 1. Honours Health Sciences Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Child Health Specialization. 2. Health Sciences courses normally available only to students registered in Engineering"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering or Electrical and Biomedical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Midwifery"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Nursing"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "A"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "( E ) or ( F ) Streams"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "as applicable. Honours Health Sciences Program - B.H.Sc. ( Hons ) Courses in Health Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1A00",
      "title": "Competencies in Animal Care and Research: Orientation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course outlines the Regulations and Guidelines for the use of animals in biomedical research, the McMaster University process for conducting animal research, as well as personnel, basic animal ca",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 700"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1B00",
      "title": "Competencies in Animal Care and Research: Methodologies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides housing options and the importance of using proper research techniques for biocontainment/bioexclusion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 701"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1C00",
      "title": "Competencies in Animal Care and Research: Completion of Ethical",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Research 0 unit(s) This course outlines the McMaster University process for conducting animal research, and the process for understanding both the humane and experimental endpoints of a research study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1A00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 1B00"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HEALTHSCI 700"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "701"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 702"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1C03",
      "title": "Social Justice and Healthcare I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course lays a foundation in the concepts of social justice and healthcare.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education Program ( B.H.Sc.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1CC3",
      "title": "Social Justice and Healthcare II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a continuation of HTHSCI 1C03.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education Program ( B.H.Sc. )"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1CC6",
      "title": "Integrated Biological Bases of Nursing Practice I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will apply principles of cellular biology, biochemistry and human anatomy and physiology essential to the assessment and understanding of health care challenges.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1LL3",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1D03",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to principal organ systems including the integumentary, musculoskeletal, nervous, and endocrine systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 3U03",
        "BIOLOGY 3UU3",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1A06",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1DD3",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of HTHSCI 1D03 , this course introduces principal organ systems including the cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, gastrointesetinal, and genitourinary systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 3U03",
        "BIOLOGY 3UU3",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1A06",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1DT3",
      "title": "Discover Immunology Today",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is intended to inspire curiosity in questions generated by concepts in immunology that drive current research directions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I or II of a program in Faculty of Health Sciences, Science or Arts & Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1E06",
      "title": "Inquiry I: Introduction",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will initiate the development of a skill set required for life-long learning, in the context of the study of one or two health care issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 1 Honours Health Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1E03",
        "HTHSCI 1EE3",
        "HTHSCI 2D06",
        "INQUIRY 1SC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1G02",
      "title": "Interdisciplinary Questions in Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Recognizing that health is not simply a biological phenomenon, this course examines health issues from multiple perspectives, emphasizes the links between them, and builds a conceptual tool-box for pr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Honours Health Sciences Program or Level II as a Honours Health Sciences Program transfer student"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1H04",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology for Post-Diploma RPN-BScN Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of structure-function relationships of all major body systems with an emphasis on the role of each system in maintaining homeostasis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Post-Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 2A03",
        "HTHSCI 1CC6",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 1LL3",
        "HTHSCI 1D03",
        "HTHSCI 1DD3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1H06",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of structure-function relationships in the human body systems including the integument, nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urina",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 2A03",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "MEDPHYS 4XX3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1I06",
      "title": "Cellular and Molecular Biology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will explore the molecular basis of cellular communication (gene expression, cellular signaling) underlying disease processes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 1A03",
        "BIOLOGY 1A01",
        "BIOLOGY 1A02",
        "IBEHS 1EP6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1J03",
      "title": "Life Sciences for Clinical Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an overview of basic concepts relating to chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOSAFE 1BS0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Midwifery Education program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1LL3",
      "title": "Human Biochemistry I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to proteins, DNA, RNA, chromosomes and their building blocks; gene expression; proteins, carbohydrates and fats as fuels in the production of energy for living, including nutritional aspects.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1CC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1ML3",
      "title": "Introduction to Medical Laboratory Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an introduction to the key disciplines in medical laboratory sciences including microbiology, pathology, clinical chemistry, genetics, hematology and coagulation, and transfusion medicine.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1I06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1RR2",
      "title": "Introduction to the Social Determinants of Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an introduction to a number of macrohealth issues including determinants of health and political, economic and social factors that influence the organization of health care systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream; or registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F) Stream; or registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1ST3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introductory approach to a selected topic in the health sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 1X01",
      "title": "Praxis Pathways 1",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This is part 1 of the longitudinal Praxis Pathways Curriculum, in which students begin to actively develop capacities for: collaboration in community; group process; leadership; lifelong learning; per",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I of the Honours Health Sciences Program or Level II as a Honours Health Sciences Program transfer student"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2AE3",
      "title": "Artistic Explorations of Community Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will research and explore topics relevant to the Honours Health Sciences, Integrated Rehabilitation & Humanities, and Arts & Science communities through engaging with and investigating arts-b",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in the Honours Health Sciences Program, Integrated Rehabilitation & Humanities Program, or Arts & Science Program, or permission of instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2C03",
      "title": "Research Appraisal and Utilization in Evidence Informed Decision",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Making 3 unit(s) Introduction to quantitative and qualitative designs with a focus on critical appraisal of evidence and application to nursing practice and healthcare.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2S03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2C06",
      "title": "Integrated Biological Bases of Nursing Practice II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will integrate concepts of pathophysiology and will include principles of microbiology and pharmacology essential to the assessment and understanding of health care challenges.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1CC6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2H03",
        "HTHSCI 2HH3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2CH3",
      "title": "CHS Learning Modules",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Modules will provide a foundation of knowledge in multiple areas of child health and development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2CH6",
      "title": "CHS Inquiry Fundamentals",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The inquiry-based model will be used to facilitate student’s learning within the dynamic context of child health and development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2D06",
      "title": "Inquiry II: Introduction and Biochemistry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will use an inquiry-based approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Assistant Dean, Honours Health Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1E06",
        "HTHSCI 2E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2DS3",
      "title": "Global Health and the Complexities of Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the disease states that define the burden of morbidity and mortality in a global setting.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 2 and above in any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2E03",
      "title": "Inquiry II: Biochemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will use an inquiry based format to introduce key concepts in biochemistry, molecular biology and biomedical sciences to understand illnesses such as infectious diseases, metabolic disorde",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1I06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 1EP6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2F03",
      "title": "Human Physiology and Anatomy I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the principal organ systems including the endocrine, skin, CNS and locomotion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Honours Health Sciences Program or registration in Level II of the Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( IBEHS) Program or Level III of the Materials and Biomedical Engineering program or Level II in the Integrated Rehabilitation & Humanities Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H03",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2FA3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2FA3",
      "title": "Foundations for Inquiry in Anatomy & Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide an orientation into the major anatomical and physiological systems and their relationship to normal function and homeostasis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in the Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H03",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 1X06",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2FB3",
      "title": "Inquiry in Anatomy & Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building from the foundations of HTHSCI 2FA3, students will use an inquiry-based approach to further enhance their understanding of human anatomy and physiology by delving deeply into questions of par",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FA3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H03",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 3F03",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1X06",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2FF3",
      "title": "Human Physiology and Anatomy II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of HTHSCI 2F03 with an examination of the Immune, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Gastrointestinal and Uro-Genital Systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2F03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 1HH3",
        "HTHSCI 2FA3",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2G03",
      "title": "Statistics & Epidemiology 1",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | An introduction to measure of health, the design and analysis of epidemiological studies, the statistical approaches used to analyze data and interpret measures of association,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Honours Health Sciences Program, or registration in Level II of the Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization; or registration in Level II or above of the Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Program; BioPharm Program, or Biochemistry Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 3G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2GG3",
      "title": "Statistics & Epidemiology 2",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building on HTHSCI 2G03 , this course will introduce more advanced concepts and methods in biostatistics, while examining crucial issues in the design and analysis of epidemiologic studies, and explor",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2G03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "HTHSCI 2A03",
        "NURSING 2R03",
        "STATS 1CC3",
        "STATS 2B03",
        "IBEHS 4C03",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "IBEHS 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2H03",
      "title": "Introductory Pharmacology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the administration, distribution, action, metabolism and elimination of drugs generally and as related to specific systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 1LL3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream; Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Accelerated ( F ) Stream; or registration in the Post-Diploma RPN-BScN ( E ) Stream; or permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2HH3",
      "title": "Introductory Microbiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the interactions of microbes in the human body including action, responses, treatment and prevention.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 1LL3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Post-Diploma RPN-BScN ( E ) Stream"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2K03",
      "title": "Inquiry II: Cell Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An inquiry based examination of the relationship between cell structure and function.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1I06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 1EP6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Electrical and Biomedical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 2B03",
        "ISCI 2A18"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2L03",
      "title": "Anatomy and Physiology I: Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of structure-function relationships in the human body systems that communicate with each other or the environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering or Electrical and Biomedical Engineering ( B.Eng.)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 1J03",
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H03",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1A06",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1X06",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "MEDPHYS 4XX3",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2LA2",
      "title": "Introduction to Integrated Pathophysiology for Nursing for Basic",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Stream 2 unit(s) The course combines online multimedia learning modules with integrated tutorials in which students learn and apply basic pathophysiological concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 2LA2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2LL3",
      "title": "Anatomy and Physiology II: Homeostasis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of structure-function relationships in the human body systems that are responsible for maintaining normal internal physiological conditions despite a changing environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering or Electrical and Biomedical Engineering ( B.Eng.)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 1J03",
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 1HH3",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1A06",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1X06",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "MEDPHYS 4XX3",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2M03",
      "title": "Reproductive Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course emphasizes intrinsic and extrinsic methods of regulation of reproduction and also provides the basis for understanding alterations from normal mechanisms including the influence of medical conditions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1DD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1H06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2MB3",
      "title": "Microbiology in the Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and other microbes that are implicated in human health and disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2PF3",
      "title": "Introduction to Integrated Pathophysiology for Accelerated Stream",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course combines online multimedia learning modules with integrated tutorials in which students learn and apply pathophysiological concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 2PF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2PR2",
      "title": "Introduction to Integrated Pathophysiology for Post-Diploma RPN-",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "BScN Stream 2 unit(s) The course combines online multimedia learning modules with integrated tutorials in which students learn and apply pathophysiological concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Post Diploma RPN-BScN ( E) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2LA2",
        "HTHSCI 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2S03",
      "title": "Introduction to Statistics for Nursing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to basic parametric and non-parametric statistical methods, including their application to the analysis of data relevant to nursing and health-related research questions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 1LL3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 1K02"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COLLAB 2L03",
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "HTHSCI 2A03",
        "SOCSCI 2J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2SG3",
      "title": "Introduction to Sex/Gender & Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Sex- and gender-related factors are important influences health that have implications for health care, research, practice, and policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 2 or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2T03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2ST3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An exploration of a selected topic in the health sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 2X03",
      "title": "Praxis Pathways 2",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This is part two of the longitudinal Praxis Pathways Curriculum, in which students further develop and refine capacities for: collaboration in community; group process; leadership; lifelong learning;",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 1X01"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3AH3",
      "title": "Indigenous Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The goal of this course is to provide students with knowledge and skills related to health care from within Indigenous contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3AI3",
      "title": "Understanding Anatomical Images",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Real-world applications of anatomical knowledge in health care and health research are often mediated by various radiological imaging modalities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3BA3",
      "title": "Symptomatology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This unique course will examine the science of the symptoms of various diseases.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2K03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Biomedical Discovery and Commercialization ( B.H.Sc. ) Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the BioPharm Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Biochemistry Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above in the Integrated Rehabilitation & Humanities Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3BB3",
      "title": "Human Biochemistry II: Nutrition and Metabolism",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine diet and exercise for health as well as biochemical processes in disease states.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LA2"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 2P03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 1F03",
        "LIFESCI 2N03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3BE4",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Continence Care",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with the opportunity to integrate existing scientific knowledge (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the BScN Basic ( A) Stream, Accelerated ( F) Stream or Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream; or department consent"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3BF3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Continence Care Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is an applied professional practice course that focuses on the assessment and management of urinary and fecal incontinence, including the introduction to the educator role in staff and pat",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3BE4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3BG3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3BG3",
      "title": "Advanced Nursing Concepts in Continence Care",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced Concepts in Continence Care builds on the introductory course HTHSCI 3BE4 Nursing Concepts in Continence Care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the BScN Basic ( A) Stream, Accelerated ( F) Stream or Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream; or department consent"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CA3",
      "title": "Cannabis: An Evidence-Based Understanding",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The current state of scientific knowledge about cannabis will be explored in the context of historical and policy perspectives, with a particular focus on the state of the evidence for the medical use",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CB3",
      "title": "Introduction to Computational Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide an overview of computational biology applications across the domains of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CC3",
      "title": "Theatre for Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course, rooted in Applied Drama, will enable students to actively participate and explore their creativity, enhancing transferable skills like communication and active listening through drama gam",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Honours Health Sciences program or registration in Level III of the Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization, or Level III or above in the Integrated Rehabilitation & Humanities Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CH3",
      "title": "CHS Inquiry Intermediate",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Building upon Level II, students will continue to learn in an Inquiry based environment and be expected to deepen their knowledge, integrate new material and experiences in order to understand and exp",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of Department. This course is available only to Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization students studying in the MacAbroad Exchange Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CH6",
      "title": "CHS Research Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will continue to develop and apply their statistical knowledge, information literacy and research skills by developing and implementing an independent project in collaboration with a communit",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2CH6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CH9",
      "title": "CHS Inquiry Intermediate",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Building upon Level II, students will continue to learn in an Inquiry based environment and be expected to deepen their knowledge, integrate new material and experiences in order to understand and exp",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2CH6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CP3",
      "title": "Research Project in Computational Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will undertake a research study based on data in publicly available omics datasets, in which they will investigate differentially expressed genes between groups, integrate statistical and qua",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3CB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3HR3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3CV6",
      "title": "Child Visual Development and Community Engagement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course will provide an introduction to the science of vision, eye health, and vision screening along with its intersection with public health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3DA3",
      "title": "Decolonizing and Conceptualizing Anatomy Through Arts Practice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will approach the study of anatomy through art to inform a holistic and critical appreciation of anatomical knowledge from diverse perspectives and lived experiences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3DB3",
      "title": "Development and Congenital Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Development and congenital disease integrates knowledge and perspectives from molecular biology, physiology, anatomy, evolution, and other disciplines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3DD6",
      "title": "Engaging the City: An Introduction to Community-Based Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "in Hamilton 6 unit(s) An introduction to the city of Hamilton and community-based research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3DM3",
      "title": "Demystifying Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will work in small cross-disciplinary groups on selected topics presented at the McMaster Demystifying Medicine Seminar Series.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4DM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3DR3",
      "title": "Demystifying Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will work in small cross-disciplinary groups on selected topics in research methods to acquire a broad overview of various research methods, and in-depth knowledge on specific applications of those such methods.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3DT3",
      "title": "Donation & Transplantation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore organ donation and transplantation from multiple perspectives, including the consideration of the medical and legal requirements for death determination, the immunological cha",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3E03",
      "title": "Inquiry III: Advanced Inquiry in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this inquiry course, students will undertake an in-depth exploration of a specific health-related topic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III of the Honours Health Sciences Program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( IBEHS ) program ( HESE stream ) ; BioPharm Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Integrated Rehabilitation & Humanities Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3EA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Expressive Arts Therapy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers exposure to the theories, scholarly literature, and professional practice of Expressive Arts Therapy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program. 3h; one term"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3EE3",
      "title": "Biomedical Graphics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Participants will learn the basics of visual literacy, design and the software used to create effective illustrations or figures in support of scientific communication.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program in the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary Science, Arts & Science Program, Kinesiology, Health, Aging & Society programs Students must be artistically inclined"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3EP3",
      "title": "Epigenetics: Linking Nature and Nurture",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Genes are important factors in determining biological function, but the expression of genes is more than just a matter of gene sequence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3EV3",
      "title": "Evolutionary Medicine: The clinical legacy of 7 million years of being",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "human 3 unit(s) This course will use a regional approach to human anatomy interpreted through the lens of our contemporary understanding of the last 7 million years of human evolution to offer student",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3F03",
      "title": "Inquiry: Anatomy & Physiology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Based on foundations from HTHSCI 2F03 and 2FF3, students use an inquiry-based approach to further enhance their understanding of the major human organ systems and the relationships between them in nor",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2FB3",
        "HTHSCI 2G03",
        "HTHSCI 4K03",
        "HTHSCI 4D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3FC3",
      "title": "Science of Fictional Characters",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this interdisciplinary inquiry course, students will use fictional characters as a model to apply and understand key concepts in various scientific disciplines (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3G03",
      "title": "Critical Appraisal of the Health Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn quantitative research design and how to evaluate the internal validity of published research to determine the effectiveness of an intervention, diagnostic test, screening program,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2G03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3GG3",
      "title": "Health Systems and Health Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course reviews how health care is different from other goods and services, how governments have responded to these differences, and how governments make decisions about health care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2G03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3H03",
      "title": "Inquiry Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An opportunity to explore one or more specialized areas of research in preparation for Level IV Senior Project/Thesis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 3H06",
        "HTHSCI 3MR6",
        "HTHSCI 3HR3",
        "IBEHS 3I06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3H06",
      "title": "Inquiry Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An opportunity to explore one or more specialized areas of research in preparation for Level IV Senior Project/Thesis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of the Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 3H03",
        "HTHSCI 3HR3",
        "HTHSCI 3MR6",
        "IBEHS 3I06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3HH3",
      "title": "Deceptions in Decision Making",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will explore and examine how hidden strategies/factors are deployed to create popular mindsets, beliefs, propagandas and perceptions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Honours Health Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3HI3",
      "title": "Human Histology & Histopathology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the microscopic structure and function of normal human tissue, and explore common disease processes in different tissue types.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3HL3",
      "title": "Health Law: Current and Emerging Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students will explore the use of legal instruments to understand their capacity to achieve health policy goals, as well as their limits as tools for health justice reform.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3I03",
      "title": "Introductory Immunology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to humoral and cellular immunity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1I06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 1EP6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOTECH 3IV3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3K03",
      "title": "Principles of Virology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This introductory course will focus on virology as an integrative disciple and examine the overarching principles and survival strategies adopted by viruses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 2CB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOTECH 3IV3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3L03",
      "title": "Introduction to Bioethics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will cover ethical issues that are relevant to biological sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HEALTHST 3E03",
        "PHILOS 2D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3LH3",
      "title": "Inquiry into Constitutional Law, Health, and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course explores how the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (i.e.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of any Faculty of Health Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3MB3",
      "title": "Introduction to Bacteriology in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Through expert lectures and problem-based learning, students in this course will explore the bacteria in our environments and bodies, how they impact health and cause disease, and the challenges faced",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1I06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 1I06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2HH3",
        "HTHSCI 4KK3",
        "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3MH3",
      "title": "Critical Examination of Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of mental health and illness from different social, cultural and historical perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3MR6",
      "title": "Practicum in Medical Research.",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will provide a structured overview of health research methodology, basic statistics, validated appraisal tools, research project design and conduct, and career planning in health research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of the instructor ( by application)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 3H03",
        "HTHSCI 3H06",
        "HTHSCI 3HR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3MU3",
      "title": "Music, Health, & the Community",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This experiential interdisciplinary course will develop community experience and leadership in the Hamilton Intergenerational Music Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3N03",
      "title": "Creative Writing in the Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore various genres of written communication.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program in the Faculty of Health Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3NN3",
      "title": "Inquiry in Perinatal & Reproductive Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of a variety of aspects pertaining to perinatal health, encompassing the child-bearing cycle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Program in the Faculty of Health Sciences or Faculty of Science or the Integrated Biomedical Engineering Program, or registration in Level I or above of the Midwifery Program, or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3PA2",
      "title": "Integrated Pathophysiology for Nursing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Building on the concepts encountered in NURSING/HTHSCI 2LA2 A/B , this course combines online multimedia learning modules with integrated tutorials in which students learn and apply pathophysiological concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2RR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 2P03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A )"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 2AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2RR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3C04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3PA2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3PF1",
      "title": "Integrated Pathophysiology for Accelerated Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Building on the concepts encountered in NURSING/HTHSCI 2PF3 A/B, this course combines online multimedia learning modules with integrated tutorials in which students learn and apply pathophysiological concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2V04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 2PF3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2PF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3PF1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3PH3",
      "title": "The Politics of Help",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Helping is a political act, and the well-intentioned desire to help others is informed by power and values, and shaped by current and historical contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3PM3",
      "title": "Psychedelics and Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn about the history of psychedelics, including their cultural and spiritual significance; the pharmacology of psychedelics; how psychedelics are thought to impact the human brain; re",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3PP3",
      "title": "Health Ventures",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this case-based course, students will develop skills for defining problems, designing solutions, and activating opportunities for entrepreneurship and health innovation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3EE6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3QA3",
      "title": "Qualitative Research Methods in Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An inquiry-based course examining a wide range of qualitative methods used in health research, including ethnography, narrative, phenomenology, and arts-and science-based approaches.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 3 or above of an Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3RB3",
      "title": "Human Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the complex interplay of anatomical structures and physiological processes in human reproduction through case-based tutorials, laboratory sessions, and large group sessions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3RH3",
      "title": "Racism and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how racism functions as a determinant of health both in the Canadian context and globally.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 3 or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3RS3",
      "title": "Exploring the Foundations of Rehabilitation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will engage in discussions focused on the fundamental concepts and theories specific to the role of rehabilitation professionals in the local, national, and global contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3S03",
      "title": "Communication Skills",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers students a variety of learning experiences that will enable them to better understand the relationship between effective communication and desired outcomes in professional settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program in the Faculty of Health Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3SB3",
      "title": "Superbugs: Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the biochemistry of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program in Faculty of Health Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3SG3",
      "title": "Seminar in Sex/Gender & Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Case studies in the application of sex/gender considerations in health care, research, and policy will be explored through examination of the scholarly literature and analysis of current events.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2SG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2T03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3SS3",
      "title": "Surviving Survivor: Insights from Reality TV for Real Life",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary inquiry course will use the realty TV show Survivor as a lens through which to examine topics such as psychology, group dynamics and tribalism, human physiology, ethics and deci",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3ST3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A third year seminar on a selected topic in the health sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3T03",
      "title": "Inquiry into Work, Self and Purpose",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore ideas of work, career/life design and personal purpose.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3U03",
      "title": "Medical Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will cover a broad spectrum of genetic disorders; with particular emphasis on inheritance patterns, molecular mechanisms, treatment and prevention.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above of the BioPharm Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3V03",
      "title": "Research and Experimental Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Analytical review of fundamental experiments with a focus on experimental design, employing data sets to solve experimental problems with an emphasis on how to approach the problem.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Arts & Science Program, or any Honours program in the Faculty of Science, or any program in the Faculty of Health Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3WT3",
      "title": "What Trauma Teaches: Lessons from Listening",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Trauma can be a teacher for the person who has experienced it, those around them, and broader communities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 3 or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3X00",
      "title": "Praxis Pathways 3",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This is part 3 of the longitudinal Praxis Pathways Curriculum, in which students develop greater facility in their capacities for: collaboration in community; group process; leadership; lifelong learn",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 2X03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 3X03",
      "title": "Pain: Perceptions, Mechanisms and Intervention",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to perceptions, mechanisms and interventions for pain with a holistic interdisciplinary approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program in the Faculty of Health Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4A06",
      "title": "Senior Projects",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A selection of information-based research projects conducted under the supervision of one or more members of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program, or supervision by a Faculty of Health Sciences supervisor and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "HTHSCI 4A15",
        "MOLBIOL 4G12",
        "PHARMAC 4F09",
        "PSYCH 4D06",
        "PSYCH 4D09",
        "PSYCH 4E09",
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "BIOCHEM 4P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4A09",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program, or supervision by a Faculty of Health Sciences supervisor and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "HTHSCI 4A15",
        "MOLBIOL 4G12",
        "PHARMAC 4F09",
        "PSYCH 4E09",
        "BIOCHEM 4P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4A12",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program, or supervision by a Faculty of Health Sciences supervisor and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A15",
        "MOLBIOL 4G12",
        "PHARMAC 4F09",
        "PSYCH 4E09",
        "BIOCHEM 4P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4A15",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program, or supervision by a Faculty of Health Sciences supervisor and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "MOLBIOL 4G12",
        "PHARMAC 4F09",
        "PSYCH 4D06",
        "PSYCH 4D09",
        "PSYCH 4E09",
        "BIOCHEM 4P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4AA3",
      "title": "Group Dynamics and Processes",
      "terms": [
        "Spring"
      ],
      "description": "Students will develop skills and knowledge in pedagogy and facilitation as peer tutors in the setting of inquiry-based learning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Honours Health Sciences Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4SS6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4AC3",
      "title": "Advanced Communication Skills",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will master more complex communication skills (building on 3S03) and develop advanced knowledge about how these skills can be effectively used with different populations and psychosocial issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4AL3",
      "title": "Model Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examining the use of human, animal and cell model systems in research through investigation of primary research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in the Honours Health Sciences Program; or registration in Level III or above of the Honours Integrated Science Program, Arts & Science Program, or any Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4AR3",
      "title": "Nursing Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This independent study course enhances the student’s understanding of the research process through active engagement in clinical research, quality improvement, or educational scholarship projects.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any Stream of the B.Sc.N. Program; or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4BB3",
      "title": "Neuroimmunology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine immune-brain communication, immune molecules and their signalling pathways, and the role of the immune system in normal brain function and CNS disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3IV3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3I03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4BL3",
      "title": "Peer Tutoring in Design Thinking",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students an opportunity to develop their skills and knowledge of design thinking by acting as peer tutors to other students enrolled in HTHSCI 4ID3: Innovation by Design, an intro",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4ID3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 4LA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4C06",
      "title": "Senior Project in Child Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A selection of information-based research projects focused on Child Health conducted under the supervision of one or more members of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Child Health Specialization of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4C09",
        "HTHSCI 4C12",
        "HTHSCI 4C15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4C09",
      "title": "Thesis in Child Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project focused on Child Health conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Child Health Specialization of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4C06",
        "HTHSCI 4C12",
        "HTHSCI 4C15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4C12",
      "title": "Thesis in Child Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project focused on Child Health conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Child Health Specialization of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4C06",
        "HTHSCI 4C09",
        "HTHSCI 4C15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4C15",
      "title": "Thesis in Child Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project focused on Child Health conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Child Health Specialization of the Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4C06",
        "HTHSCI 4C09",
        "HTHSCI 4C12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4CH3",
      "title": "CHS Education Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will develop skills and knowledge in pedagogy, group process, and facilitation as peer tutors in the setting of inquiry-based learning in the Child Health Specialization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Honours Health Sciences Child Health Specialization and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4CH6",
      "title": "CHS Inquiry Advanced",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course will be a continuation of principles and core elements of knowledge, research and application experienced in Level III.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3CH9"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3CH6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4CU3",
      "title": "Cultural Competency in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Cultural competent practitioners can interpret and effectively act on the cultural context of an individual.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 3S03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4D03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an opportunity for individual or small groups to integrate concepts from their undergraduate courses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program, or supervision by a Faculty of Health Sciences supervisor and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4D06",
      "title": "Senior Project in Engaging the City",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A project focused on community-based participatory research conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "HTHSCI 4A15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4D09",
      "title": "Thesis in Engaging the City",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis focused on community-based participatory research conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "HTHSCI 4A15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4D12",
      "title": "Thesis in Engaging the City",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis focused on community-based participatory research conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "HTHSCI 4A15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4D15",
      "title": "Thesis in Engaging the City",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis focused on community-based participatory research conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4B06",
        "HTHSCI 4A09",
        "HTHSCI 4A12",
        "HTHSCI 4A15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4DD3",
      "title": "Senior Inquiry Project in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students undertake a scholarly project in the health sciences under the supervision of an appropriate content expert.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Honours Health Sciences Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4DE3",
      "title": "Senior Project in Engaging the City",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A project focused on community-based participatory research conducted under the direction and supervision of a member of the Faculty.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4DN3",
      "title": "Dance in Health and Wellness",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will explore the scientific literature related to dance and health, and examine how dance and movement are used in healing practices in various settings and cultures around the world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4EE6",
      "title": "Education Practicum in Health Sciences - Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will develop skills and knowledge in pedagogy, group process, and facilitation as peer tutors in the setting of inquiry-based learning; two terms",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Ontario L8S 4L8. ( 905 ) 525-9140 © 2026 McMaster University"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4FF3",
      "title": "Integrative Leadership Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students an opportunity to integrate knowledge from pervious leadership courses and address a real health care or applied issue in the workplace.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4LB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4LC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4G03",
      "title": "Pathoanatomy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will research the anatomy, surgical approach and etiology of a pathology assigned from an anatomical system of their choosing, depending on availability of cadavers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4G06",
      "title": "Senior Project in Global Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A senior project focused on a Global Health topic, with possible experiential components, conducted under the direction and supervision of a suitable expert.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2DS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4G09",
        "HTHSCI 4G12",
        "HTHSCI 4G15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4G09",
      "title": "Thesis in Global Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project focused on Global Health with experiential components, conducted under the direction and supervision of a suitable expert.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2DS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4G06",
        "HTHSCI 4G12",
        "HTHSCI 4G15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4G12",
      "title": "Thesis in Global Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project focused on Global Health with experiential components, conducted under the direction and supervision of a suitable expert.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2DS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4G06",
        "HTHSCI 4G09",
        "HTHSCI 4G15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4G15",
      "title": "Thesis in Global Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis-based research project focused on Global Health with experiential components, conducted under the direction and supervision of a suitable expert.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2DS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4G06",
        "HTHSCI 4G09",
        "HTHSCI 4G12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4IC3",
      "title": "Integration of Child and Youth Physical and Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine issues related to the intersection of physical and mental health within the context of child and youth health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4ID3",
      "title": "Innovation By Design I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will enable interdisciplinary student groups to engage in design thinking as a methodology to assess health- related challenges, collect meaningful data, iterate alternative design options",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 2E06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4IH3",
      "title": "Indigenous Health Research",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the responsible conduct and use of health research involving Indigenous peoples, informed by anti-racist, trauma-informed, and decolonizing perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3AH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 3HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4II3",
      "title": "Advanced Concepts in Immunology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will build on knowledge of the immune system and focus on the immune system in disease: allergy, inflammation, autoimmunity, immune deficiency, malignancy and cancer immunotherapy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3IV3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4J03",
      "title": "Immunological Principles In Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This advanced course applies problem-based learning to immunological problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOTECH 3IV3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 4J03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4JJ3",
      "title": "Capacity Research in Everyday Life",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Research has an impact on everyday life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4K03",
      "title": "Human Pathophysiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course is designed to allow participants to think and solve problems in the area of physiology, pathophysiology and anatomy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 3AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4KT3",
      "title": "Demystifying Science - Advanced Knowledge Translation and Science",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Communication 3 unit(s) Students will gain a broad overview of educational concepts related to knowledge translation and science communication, develop an innovation project to enhance the Demystifyin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4LA3",
      "title": "Innovation By Design II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to strategic foresight and experiential futures in health leadership and innovation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4ID3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent by permission of instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4LB3",
      "title": "Leadership and Management 1",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This interprofessional/multidisciplinary course is designed to introduce and apply theories, frameworks and practices within the health care sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Health care or applied program; or permission from instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4LC3",
      "title": "Leadership and Management 2",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This interprofessional/multidisciplinary course builds on theoretical knowledge of self-leadership and foundational management practices in the health care sector and introduces theory and frameworks",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 4LB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission from instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4LD3",
      "title": "Global Health Governance, Law and Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course surveys contemporary issues and debates in global health governance, law, and politics from an interdisciplinary perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Honours Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4LL3",
      "title": "Integrated Health Systems",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Consideration of the issues inherent to the integration of current conventional medical approaches with other healing systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4M03",
      "title": "Advanced Concepts in Health Psychology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will explore the role of psychological factors in health and disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 1G03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4MS3",
      "title": "The Social Lives of Molecules",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Ours is a molecular world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4NC3",
      "title": "Navigating Complexity in Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Case studies from COVID-19, innovation adoption, and new technology implementations (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in Honours Health Sciences Program or registration in Level IV or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4NN3",
      "title": "Advanced Creative Writing in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will be an advanced course in written communication, building on knowledge gained in Written Communication I.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 3N03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4NR3",
      "title": "Nursing Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to enhance the student’s understanding of the research process.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3C04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. Stream"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3V03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PF1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream; or permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4L02"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4NU3",
      "title": "Nutrition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will have an opportunity to learn about nutrition and diet from a functional medicine approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 3 or above in Honours Health Sciences or Level 3 or above in Honours Health Sciences Specializations"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4O03",
      "title": "Principles of Virus Pathogenesis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Current theories and knowledge on mechanisms that relate to virus pathogenesis and evasion of host cell responses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOTECH 3IV3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4PA3",
      "title": "Global Health Innovation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will examine considerations, questions and challenges that govern the genesis, development and adoption of health innovation in low and middle income countries.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any program in Faculty of Health Sciences"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Arts & Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2DS3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4PF6",
      "title": "Education Practicum in Anatomy & Physiology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will develop skills and knowledge in pedagogy, group process, and facilitation as peer tutors in the setting of inquiry-based learning of anatomy and physiology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4QQ3",
      "title": "Communication Skills Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will develop skills and knowledge in pedagogy, group process, and facilitation as peer tutors in the setting of communication skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4RD3",
      "title": "Integrated Statistics and Research Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides a scaffolded approach to statistics and research design for students engaged in undergraduate project or thesis courses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4SC3",
      "title": "Social Determinants of Child Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine issues related to social determinants within the context of child health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration of Level IV of any program in Faculty of Health Sciences or permission of instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4SG3",
      "title": "Sex/Gender in Health Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Health researchers are increasingly called to address sex and gender in their work.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 4 or above and co-registration in a HTHSCI senior project or thesis; or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4SM3",
      "title": "Skeletal Muscle in Health and Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course considers skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology and its role in health and disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4SR3",
      "title": "Global Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will apply a critical lens and explore systems of power and ideological frameworks in order to situate sexual and reproductive health and rights in frameworks of human rights and justice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 3 or above of any program, or registration in Level 1 or above of the Midwifery program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4SS6",
      "title": "Group Process Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will develop skills, knowledge, and experience in pedagogy and facilitation as peer tutors in the setting of inquiry-based learning, with particular emphasis on exploring theory and applying",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Honours Health Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4ST3",
      "title": "Advanced Seminar in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced exploration of a selected topic in the health sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4TE3",
      "title": "The Teaching Hospital",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This inquiry course will permit students to explore the evolution of the modern teaching hospital from its early days as bimaristans in medieval Persia to the modern global technological institutions",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4TT3",
      "title": "Health and Research Ethics Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine current issues in health ethics including research ethics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4UU3",
      "title": "Genomics Variant Interpretation in Health Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will allow students to gain a general understanding of genetic and genomic variant interpretation in a clinical setting by hearing from professionals working in the field and understand ho",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOCHEM 3GN3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3U03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4W03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Health Sciences II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an opportunity for individual or small groups to integrate concepts from their undergraduate courses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Health Sciences Program and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program, or supervision by a Faculty of Health Sciences supervisor and permission of Honours Health Sciences Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4WW3",
      "title": "Education Practicum - Community Engagement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will develop skills and knowledge in mentoring, building relationships, and critical pedagogy as peer tutors in the setting of community-engaged research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3DD6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV and permission of instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4XP3",
      "title": "Praxis Pathways 4",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This is the culmination of the longitudinal Praxis Pathways Curriculum, in which students enhance and deepen their capacities for: collaboration in community; group process; leadership; lifelong learn",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HTHSCI 3X00"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4XX3",
      "title": "Professional Transitions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide students with an opportunity to explore issues related to professionalism, the uncertainty of new directions, success/failure, choices, expectations and career challenges.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV in any Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4Y03",
      "title": "Science, Culture and Identity",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Through selected readings and discussion, this course will explore some critiques of science and will appraise the challenge they present to scientific authority.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program in Faculty of Health Sciences or Arts & Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HTHSCI 4ZZ3",
      "title": "Global Health Advocacy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course aims to foster appreciation for the complexity of today’s most pressing global health challenges and the ways that various actors work to overcome them.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Honours program Health Sciences ( Engineering, Midwifery, Nursing) Note The following Health Sciences courses are normally available only to students registered in Engineering ( Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering or Electrical and Biomedical Engineering), Midwifery, or B.Sc.N. ( A), ( B), ( E) or ( F) Streams, as applicable. Courses"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2A06",
      "title": "Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Apply neurodevelopmental and behavioural characteristics to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its core features and diagnostic criteria.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2AP3",
      "title": "Introduction to Applied Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the field of applied psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of an Honours Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( B.A.Sc.) program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 2HB0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2B06",
      "title": "Introduction to Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Apply principles of behaviour analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2C03",
      "title": "Specialized Instructional Strategies (SIS) I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Analyze evidence-based behavioural approaches to teaching individuals with autism new skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2FP6",
      "title": "Field Placement I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Experience 126 hours in the field working within individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder or other behavioural challenges.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2B06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "completion"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3F03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2FS3",
      "title": "Field Placement I Seminar",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Seminar to be taken concurrently with HUMBEHV 2FP6 A/B S - Field Placement I .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2L03",
      "title": "Philosophy and Curriculum Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examine and evaluate the impact of personal beliefs and values in regard to professional practice with children, families and communities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2M03",
      "title": "Learning Environment I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Plan, organize, implement and evaluate program ideas and activities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2TL3",
      "title": "Responsive Care for Infants and Toddlers",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students will explore positive and responsive communications with infants and toddlers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 2XP6",
      "title": "ECS Practicum I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Apply knowledge, skills and ethics in a professional practice environment while working with individuals with autism or behavioural needs or their caregivers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2TL3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3AP3",
      "title": "Advanced Applied Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will continue students’ education in the field of applied psychology using a series of projects and assignments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2AP3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3CB3",
      "title": "Treating Challenging Behaviour I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn theory behind assessing/analyzing why people engage in problem behaviours.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2B06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3F03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 4K06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3D03",
      "title": "Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA) II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Apply principles of behaviour analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2B06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3E06",
      "title": "Behavioural Skill Building",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on curriculum development with an emphasis on speech and language, social and play skills, personal care skills and inclusion into less restrictive environments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3F03",
      "title": "Ethics and Professionalism",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce the foundations of ethical thinking and will review the different perspectives and rationale for ethical decision making within a behavioural framework.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2B06"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization ) program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3FP9",
      "title": "Field Placement II",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The placement will consist of 210 hours of participation in an ABA / IBI program for children with ASD.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3E06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3G03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3FS3",
      "title": "Field Placement II Seminar",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Seminar to be taken concurrently with HUMBEHV 3FP9 A/B S - Field Placement II .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3G03",
      "title": "Specialized Instructional Strategies (SIS) II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the student to evidence-based behavioural approaches applied in teaching individuals with autism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3H03",
      "title": "Working with Families and Teams",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course presents the student with theories, terminology and applications underlying current approaches to teamwork and working with the families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3IP3",
      "title": "Inquiry Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will explore a topic of their choosing under the supervision of an approved faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of faculty supervisor"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 3Q03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3MD3",
      "title": "Research Methods for Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will give students an overview of how to think empirically, and of the methods psychologists use to study behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( B.A.Sc.) program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 3RM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3O03",
      "title": "Curriculum Theory and Approaches",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Integrate and evaluate various curricula and theories of early learning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2L03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3P03",
      "title": "Learning Environment II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Recognizing that children’s interests and abilities are key components of effective learning environments, develop advanced skills in planning curriculum for children.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3Q03",
      "title": "Health, Safety & Nutrition",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Apply the basic principles of health, safety & nutrition in young children.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3RS3",
      "title": "ABA Research Designs",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will prepare students on how to conduct research using an ABA framework.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 2B06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3ST3",
      "title": "Statistics for Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will give students an overview of descriptive and inferential statistics as applied in psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 3HB3",
        "SOCSCI 2J03",
        "STATS 2B03",
        "PNB 2XE3",
        "PNB 3XE3",
        "ARTSSCI 2R03",
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "HTHSCI 2A03",
        "HTHSCI 2GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3XP6",
      "title": "ECS Practicum II",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Building on previous experience, students will participate in early learning environments through field practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 3XS3",
      "title": "Theory to Practice I and II",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students will be supported throughout their field placement experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4CB3",
      "title": "Treating Challenging Behaviour II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn how to develop intervention plans for individuals engaging in problem behaviours.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3CB3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 4K06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4HB3",
      "title": "Seminar in Applied Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This capstone seminar course will immerse students in an advanced topic in applied psychology, to be determined on a yearly basis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program. Permission of the Department is required. Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4HC3",
      "title": "Seminar in Applied Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This capstone seminar course will immerse students in an advanced topic in applied psychology, to be determined on a yearly basis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program. Permission of the Department is required. Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4HD3",
      "title": "Advanced Seminar in Personality Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This capstone seminar course will immerse students in an advanced topic in personality development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( B.A.Sc. ) program. Permission of the Department is required. Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4HE3",
      "title": "Advanced Seminar in Applied Lifespan & Developmental",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Psychology 3 unit(s) This course will immerse students in an advanced topic in applied lifespan and/or developmental psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program. Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 4SC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4HF3",
      "title": "Advanced Seminar in Applied Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will immerse students in a topic in applied social psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program. Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 4SC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4HG3",
      "title": "Advanced Seminar in Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar course will focus on contemporary psychological models of the development and maintenance of specific categories of psychopathology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program. Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 4SC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4I03",
      "title": "Parent and Staff Training",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn and practice techniques for individual and group presentation formats for the training of families or professionals.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4IP3",
      "title": "Senior Inquiry Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will explore a topic of their choosing under the supervision of an approved faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( B.A.Sc.) program and permission of faculty supervisor and program director. Students are expected to have a minimum cumulative GPA of 8.0"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4J03",
      "title": "Transition Planning and Implementation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will prepare the student for assisting in planning and mediating transitions for children with ASD within and across home, school and community settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Autism & Behavioural Science Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4N03",
      "title": "Principles of Ethical Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Apply principles of fairness, equity and diversity to support the development and learning of children, within the context of their family, culture and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in IV of the Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( Early Childhood Studies Specialization) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4RP6",
      "title": "Independent Research Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will explore a topic of their choosing under the supervision of a faculty member by systematically investigating an existing body of empirical literature or data set to produce a major schola",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours B.A.Sc. Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour program and permission of the faculty supervisor and program director. Students are expected to have a minimum cumulative GPA of 10.0"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4SC6",
      "title": "Science Communication in the Behavioural Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | Students will learn critical writing skills to translate basic research for popular media outlets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Applied Psychology in Human Behaviour ( B.A.Sc.) program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 4SC6",
        "BIOLOGY 4C09",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "HUMBEHV 4RP6",
        "ISCI 4A12",
        "NEUROSCI 4L09",
        "NEUROSCI 4L12",
        "PNB 4D06",
        "PNB 4D09",
        "PNB 4DD6",
        "HUMBEHV 4IP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HUMBEHV 4U03",
      "title": "Inclusion in the ECE Classroom",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examine attitudes toward children with exceptionalities and the concept of inclusion and integration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Ontario L8S 4L8. ( 905 ) 525-9140 © 2026 McMaster University"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 1BD3",
      "title": "2D Practices in Art",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to facilitate development of tacit knowledge, intuitive judgement, perception and theoretical understanding through direct material engagement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 1OS3",
        "ART 1MI3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 1CR3",
      "title": "Acting: Body and Voice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Through studio work, students learn core physical and vocal acting skills, and explore key theories central to performance arts practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 1MA3",
      "title": "Making Art 1",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Making art in a range of forms students will gain widely applicable skills in self-expression and an understanding of the communicative power of the arts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 1PA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 1RP3",
      "title": "Project Production 1",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course guides students through the steps of creating research-creation arts projects of their own direction, working alone or in collaboration with other students.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in iARTS ( Integrated Arts) I"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 1SD3",
      "title": "Stage Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course teaches the fundamentals of sound design, lighting design, costume design, and set design.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 1T03",
        "THTRFLM 1T03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 1SS3",
      "title": "3D Practices in Art",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course facilitates the development of tacit knowledge, intuitive judgment, perception and theoretical understanding through direct material engagement with metals, plaster, clay, fibres, and use",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 1DM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to the Practice of Art Therapy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the practice of art therapy, with an overview of its history, the diversity of its applications within psychodynamic, solution-focused, cognitive behavioural principles, embodiment",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2AA3",
        "ARTHIST 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2AD3",
      "title": "Acting as Devising I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students receive studio training in voice and body, and explore how the performers creative process reflects and challenges the norms that structure contemporary social relationships.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any iARTS program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1CR3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2AS3",
      "title": "Performance, Art and Visual Culture in East and South Asia",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to aspects of the history of the arts and performance in South and East Asia from antiquity to modern times, highlighting the impact of cultural exchange and diversity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 2Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2BB3",
      "title": "Designing for Devised Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students work in studio to learn basic techniques for using visual and sound design as a basis for creating performance pieces.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any iArts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1T03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "THTRFLM 1T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 2BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2CC3",
      "title": "Performance, Art, and Visual Culture in Canada",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the history and contemporary practice of performance and visual culture in Northern Turtle Island/Canada from multiple perspectives including exploration of Indigenous performance a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3B03",
        "THTRFLM 2CC3",
        "THTRFLM 2CP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2CD3",
      "title": "Contemporary Approaches to Drawing Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides insight into the varied functions of drawing including expressive purpose, communication, information organization, idea synthesis and drawing as a form of thinking.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2DG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2CP3",
      "title": "Introduction to Critical Curatorial Perspectives",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the theory, practice, and ethics of curating in galleries, museums, artist-run centres and community arts organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTHIST 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2DE3",
      "title": "Devised Performance Processes",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Devised performance is collectively created work that responds to the world we live in and the social issues we face.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "THTRFLM 1T03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3G03",
        "THTRFLM 2DP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2DP3",
      "title": "Digital Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a comprehensive hands-on introduction to digital media production in the context of contemporary artistic and creative practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2DP3",
        "ART 2A06",
        "ART 2B06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2EP3",
      "title": "3D and Expanded Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course develops spatial and sensory processes through critical spatial, material and methodological investigations, site responsive work, interactive and sensorial explorations, time-based and di",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "THTRFLM 1T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1SD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2SC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2ER3",
      "title": "Environmentally Responsible Art",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on environmentally sustainable studio production with a comprehensive approach that promotes understanding of how materials are manufactured, why they are selected, how they are us",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program. Recommended for students pursuing a Minor in Sustainability"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2ER3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2FA3",
      "title": "Film Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to an interrelated set of approaches to film study, all of which are defined by their attention to the filmic text and which provide students with a grasp of the fundamentals of film a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 2FA3",
        "ARTHIST 2FA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2IA3",
      "title": "Indigenous Arts Across Turtle Island",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of art production by Indigenous communities since c.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 2IA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3BB3",
        "IARTS 3IA3",
        "INDIGST 3F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2MB3",
      "title": "Making Art 2: Technologies of the Future",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Explore what artists work can teach us about the influence of technology on human behaviour and the biosphere.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTHIST 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PEACJUST 2CS3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 1PB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2ME3",
      "title": "Performance, Art, and Visual Culture in the Middle East",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to aspects of the history of the arts and visual cultures in the Middle East, with special attention to religious and cultural diversities and with an emphasis on intercultural transmi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 2Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2MM3",
      "title": "Movies and Me",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of popular film as a social practice, considering both how mainstream movies take up social issues and how audiences interact with films and film culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 2MM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2OP3",
      "title": "Organizing Performance Space",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Course runs in conjunction with the Schools mainstage production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "THTRFLM 1T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IARTS 1SD3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II of an iArts"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Media Arts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3S06",
        "THTRFLM 30P6",
        "IARTS 3MP6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2PC3",
      "title": "Perspectives C: Arts in the Community",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Exploring historical and contemporary case studies of arts-based research in the community, this course combines hands-on creative practice with research and analysis to provide students with skills t",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above of any program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTHIST 1PA3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACJUST 2CS3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2PM3",
      "title": "Contemporary Approaches to Print Media",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course develops techniques and aesthetic tactics of print media utilizing relief intaglio, planographic process such as: wood cut collagraph, image transfers, embossing, photo lithography.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2PM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2PP3",
      "title": "Contemporary Approaches to Painting Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course develops pictorial thought processes through the vocabulary of painting.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2PG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2RP3",
      "title": "Project Production 2",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building on the project research they conducted in IARTS 2RR3 , students will work individually and in groups to produce a small-scale performance or exhibition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II of the IARTS BFA program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2RR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2RR3",
      "title": "Project Development 2",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Building on strategies introduced in IARTS 1RP3, this intermediary course teaches students how to arrive at concepts and criticality in the arts through an ongoing cyclical process of exploring resour",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the IARTS BFA program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2SP3",
      "title": "Contemporary Approaches to Sculpture Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course develops spatial thought processes, expanding conceptual and practical knowledge through critical investigations in mould making, casting, metal fabrication, woodworking, and the integrati",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 2SC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2US3",
      "title": "Understanding Spatial Dynamics and Time in the Arts",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines some of the premises of how humans interact with the arts in different times and spaces - such as places of worship, learning, work, transportation, rest, leisure, healing, sports",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 2VS3",
      "title": "Visual Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines how studies of the histories of the arts have evolved in response to social and political change, and resituates the studies in the diverse and complex contexts of our world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 1A03",
        "ARTHIST 1AA3",
        "IARTS 1HA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3AA3",
      "title": "Modernist Theatre and Drama in Europe",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course studies representative dramas and theatre productions that highlight the diversity of plays on the 20th century stage.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3AD3",
      "title": "Acting as Devising II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students work in studio to extend their physical, vocal, and conceptual devising skills, developing performances in a diversity of forms including: physical theatre, spoken word, and performance art.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1CR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2DE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IARTS 2AD3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3WW3",
        "THTRFLM 3XX3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3BA3",
      "title": "Book Arts and Zines",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course integrates traditional techniques with contemporary concepts and applications of the artist book.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ART 1OS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ART 1MI3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3CE3",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Ceramics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Focused on contemporary ceramics, this course fuses traditional techniques and alternative methods, from hand building to new technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3CC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3CH3",
      "title": "Cinema History from WWII",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of narrative film from 1941 to the present day, incorporating a study of a variety of narrative cinema styles.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3XX3",
        "CMST 3XX3",
        "THTRFLM 3L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3CW3",
      "title": "Colours of the World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The experience of colour is fundamental to living in our world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3DA3",
      "title": "Arts and Spaces for Dwelling and Activities",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course opens up the possibilities of studying aspects of all kinds of dwellings for all kinds of activities such as spaces for worship, residences, entertainment, health facilities and transporta",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program Offered on a rotational basis. Consult the Master Timetable for offerings"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3EA3",
      "title": "Social Practice and Community-Engaged Art",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will explore and develop an understanding of social practice and community-engaged art working with diverse publics including: large public performances, pedagogical work with K-12 students i",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3EA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3EC3",
      "title": "Early Cinema History",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the history of narrative film from its beginnings to the Second World War.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 2FL3",
        "ARTHIST 3FL3",
        "THTRFLM 2FF3",
        "THTRFLM 3FF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3F03",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Foundry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course offers an in-depth investigation of foundry practices, location and impact of method and material in history, industry and culture and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3CF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3FI3",
      "title": "Fashion and Identity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines aspects of the history of fashion and identity throughout the ages and across cultures, addressing issues related to changes in dress and their representation and the construction",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 2R03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3ID3",
      "title": "Integrated Media and Materiality: Installation and Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course investigates points of intersection between installation, performance, stage design, time-based media, kinetics, and digital technologies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any iArts"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Media Arts program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3ID3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3IM3",
      "title": "Transdisciplinary and Hybrid Studio Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students investigate where print, textiles, drawing and paint media interweave to create hybrid practices within the visual and performance arts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any iArts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1SS3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3IM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3IN3",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Intaglio",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will have the opportunity to try photo etching, aquatint, hard and soft ground for hand drawing and material impressions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3CI3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3LI3",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Lithography",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores various aspects of lithography through hand-drawn images, multiple registration, photo image transfers on to stone, and Computer-to-Plate photo lithography, using safer alternativ",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3CL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3MC3",
      "title": "Making Art 3: Art, Science and Beyond",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Discover how art and science intersect through creative projects and case studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTHIST 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PEACJUST 2CS3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 2PD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3MD3",
      "title": "Making Art 4: Key Issues of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the Arts",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examining arts projects that challenge systemic societal barriers, this course provides students with a working- knowledge of anti-oppression strategies in the arts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IARTS 2MB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 3PE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3MP3",
      "title": "Devised Theatre Production",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will form the core artistic team for the Schools November Major Production working alongside students in IARTS 3MP6.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any iArts"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Media Arts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2DE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2AD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 3MP6",
        "THTRFLM 3S06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3MP6",
      "title": "Devised Theatre Production",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will form the core artistic team for the School’s November Major Production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any iArts"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Media Arts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2DE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2AD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 3MP3",
        "THTRFLM 3S06",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "THTRFLM 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3ND3",
      "title": "New Direction in Painting and Drawing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores new directions and technologies that expand definitions of painting and drawing by incorporating digital media, installations, urban interventions, and other alternative spatial a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above any iArts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 1BD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2CD3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2PP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3PD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3OE3",
      "title": "Field Work: On-Site Explorations",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course investigates environments on and off campus to explore how visual, aural, and haptic data collection and place can inform artistic research and creative production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3FW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3QA3",
      "title": "Documentary, Politics and Social Change",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Critical approaches to the social function of nonfiction film, performance, and media-based practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3QA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3RC3",
      "title": "Collaborative Project Development and Production 1",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on research-creation through collaboration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any iArts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 3RC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3RD3",
      "title": "Collaborative Project Development and Production 2",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of IARTS 3RC3, this course focuses on research-creation through collaboration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 3RC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any iArts program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IARTS 3RC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3RR3",
      "title": "‘Cripping’ Performance: Deaf, Mad and Disabled Performance in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the history and culture of disabled, Mad and Deaf theatre and performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 3RR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3RR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3SD3",
      "title": "Scripting Devised Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A practical study of writing for devised theatre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any iArts"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Media Arts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2AD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2DE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3SD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3SP6",
      "title": "Stage Design in Action",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students develop performance pieces through set design, use of lights, sound, projections, and the manipulation of objects, and support the work of upper level iArts thesis projects.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in any iArts"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Media Arts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2AD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2DE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 3MP6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3OP6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3SR3",
      "title": "Intercultural Arts Along the Silk Road",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of how both textual and material resources reveal the pluralistic achievements in the arts by peoples of different cultures and worldviews along the Silk Road at different times, and ho",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3TB3",
      "title": "Devised Theatre Production: Research and Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn research, workshop and planning processes of public performance for a devised theatre production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any iArts"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Media Arts program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2AD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2DE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 3MP6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3PS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 3VS3",
      "title": "Visual Storytelling",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the theories underlying the visual aesthetics of cinema and theatre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 3VS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4AD3",
      "title": "Acting as Devising III",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced study of the actors role in the devising process that builds on physical, vocal, and workshop techniques taught in Acting and Devising I and II.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3AD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4AE3",
      "title": "Art, Climate, Justice and the Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar will enable students to launch a focused research project and presentation, both written and in person exploring climate justice, Land based arts practices and environmental change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program Offered on a rotational basis. Consult the Master Timetable for offerings"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4AP3",
      "title": "Contemporary Art Practices of Intervention, Performance, and Conceptual",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Art 3 unit(s) Students will explore and develop an understanding of how 20th century provocations of Dadaism, Fluxus, and Feminist art impact and resonate with contemporary art practices in the 21st century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 4AP3",
        "ARTHIST 4AP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4C06",
      "title": "Thesis Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students create and produce an arts-based project of their own devising, either alone or in collaboration with other students.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3RC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3RD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of any Honours program in iArts"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B.A"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4C12",
      "title": "Project Capstone Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this advanced research-creation course, students will research, manage, create and produce a major arts-based thesis project of their own devising, either alone or in collaboration with other students.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours iArts ( B.F.A.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4CE3",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Ceramics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an advanced study of contemporary ceramics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3CE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 4CC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4CS6",
      "title": "Critical Curatorial Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses in greater detail on curatorial practices and the shifting role of the curator within today’s art institutions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 2CP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above This course is intended for those completing the Concurrent Certificate in Curatorial Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4D03",
      "title": "Theatre, Society and Early Cinema",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the relationship between theatre and film, organized by topics that have been the focus of recent scholarship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "THTRFLM 4D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4DM3",
      "title": "Arts and Diasporic Migration",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course investigates the relationship between an artist’s ethnic, cultural and geographic place and sites of creative practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program Offered on a rotational basis. Consult the Master Timetable for offerings"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4F03",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Foundry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is an advanced study of contemporary foundry practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4IN3",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Intaglio",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is an in-depth concentration on intaglio processes exploring traditional and alternative approaches of etching.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3IN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 4CI3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4LI3",
      "title": "Concentrated Study Lithography",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers an in-depth exploration of traditional lithography processes and incorporates safer alternatives than the traditional use of Volatile Organic Compounds.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3LI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 4CL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4QT3",
      "title": "Queer and Trans Art in the 20th and 21st Centuries",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the historical trajectory of queer and trans artistic practices and representation throughout the 20th century up until the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program; or permission of the program Offered on a rotational basis. Consult the Master Timetable for offerings"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4SD3",
      "title": "Scripting Devised Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Continuing the practical study of the structural qualities and social impact of different dramatic forms, and focusing on the detailed development of dialogue and sequences of action.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 3SD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "THTRFLM 3SD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "IARTS 4Z03",
      "title": "The Textile Arts: History and Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar will critically examine issues related to changes in the art and technology of textile-making and ornamentation of various cultures at different time periods: visuality, materiality, func",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 4Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 1A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Indigenous Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to Indigenous peoples’ world views from pre-contact to the Indian Act of 1876.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 1AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Contemporary Indigenous Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the relationship between Indigenous peoples and mainstream society in the 20th century with regard to governmental policy, land claims, economic development, and self-determin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 1B03",
      "title": "Reconciling What? Indigenous Relations in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of sociopolitical and historical relations between Indigenous peoples and Canada in a post-1951 time period.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RECONCIL 1A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 1G03",
      "title": "Transition - Gaodadeihwahni:ya:s “They are strengthening their",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "knowledge” 3 unit(s) Contract All Courses | In this course, students will build on prior academic skills while learning new concepts commonly encountered in undergraduate studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2A03",
      "title": "Indigenous Peoples’ Spirituality",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the spirituality based knowledge of Indigenous peoples across North America.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units Level I Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2B03",
      "title": "Indigenous Sovereignty",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of North America Indigenous People’s political and economic systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2C03",
      "title": "Current Issues in Indigenous Studies: Selected Topics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A review of the geographic, cultural and demographic composition of Inuit, First Nations and Metis, and of the major current developments on land, cultural integrity, treaties, economic development, c",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Three units Level I Indigenous Studies"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1CC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2D03",
      "title": "Traditional Indigenous Ecological Knowledge",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a study of the ecological teachings of Indigenous peoples and of their relationships with the natural environment in historical and contemporary times.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2F03",
      "title": "Indigenous Peoples and Education",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine Indigenous approaches to education and Indigenous peoples experiences with the formal schooling system including the Residential School System and Indian Boarding School system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units Level I Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2G03",
      "title": "Indigenous Perspectives on Peace and Conflict",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of Indigenous philosophies of peace and approaches to conflict resolution from pre-contact to the present, with particular emphasis on Haudenosaunee tradition and the Great Law of Peace",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units Level I Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2H03",
      "title": "Indigenous Celebrity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of (in)famous Indigenous people who have become cast as icons in the national consciousness of North America.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2HW3",
      "title": "We Are the Medicine: Indigenous Teachings in Health and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds foundations in Indigenous concepts of health and wellbeing; beginning with the groundwork of Indigenous thoughtways, it prepares students for later study in the practical applicatio",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level I Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2IA3",
      "title": "Indigenous Art Across Turtle Island",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of art production by Indigenous communities since c.1960 including: painting, sculpture, installation, film/video, performance and hip hop.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above of any program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of Art History"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2IA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 3BB3",
        "IARTS 3IA3",
        "INDIGST 3F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2IR3",
      "title": "Indigenous Resurgence",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces and critically analyzes the theory of Resurgence within diverse Indigenous perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2J03",
      "title": "Indigenous Experiential Education",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will incorporate a variety of interfaces (both within and outside the classroom) in the exploration of Indigenous-based approaches to knowledge.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2K03",
      "title": "Indigenous Futurisms and Wonderworks",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Through a focus on Indigenous articulated realities and futures, this course refuses colonial narratives of the ‘disappearing Indian’ and insists upon Indigenous presence in past, present, and future",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2M03",
      "title": "Indigenous Research Methods and Ethics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will address methodological and ethical issues related to conducting research with Indigenous peoples.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units Level I Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "INDIGST 2AA3",
        "INDIGST 2M06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2MM3",
      "title": "Indigenous Ways of Knowing: Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore Indigenous ways of knowing as they relate to Indigenous cosmologies and worldviews.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units Level I Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "INDIGST 2AA3",
        "INDIGST 2M06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2N03",
      "title": "Perspectives on Indigenous and Eurocentric Astronomy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the intersection between Indigenous and Eurocentric/Western astronomy, particularly as it relates to naked-eye observations of the night sky; using astronomy as a gateway to learn m",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Faculty of Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ASTRON 2A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 2U03",
      "title": "Elements of Indigenous Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of Indigenous material, culture and design.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3C03",
      "title": "Study of Haudenosaunee First Nations in Contemporary Times",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intensive examination of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and its attempts to maintain its culture, socio-political systems and economic independence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3CC3",
      "title": "Contemporary Indigenous Societies: Selected Topics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An intensive examination of selected political, economic, or realities faced by selected Indigenous peoples.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3D03",
      "title": "Contemporary Indigenous Literatures of Turtle Island",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a study of contemporary literary works by Indigenous writers across Turtle Island - including oral narratives, short stories, novels, poetry, graphic novels, and drama.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "six units of Level II English"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGLISH 3W03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACEST 3W03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3EE3",
      "title": "Indigenous Film",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of Indigenous peoples and narratives in film.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3EN3",
      "title": "Northern Environments and Societies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Exploration of the environmental, social, cultural, economic, and political opportunities and challenges that shape the Canadian North.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 2EK3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3EN3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3G03",
      "title": "Indigenous Creative Arts and Drama: Selected Topics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The creative processes of Indigenous cultures are studied through the examination of selected forms of artistic expression, which may include art, music, dance and/or drama.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of nine units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3HH3",
      "title": "Experiential Indigenous Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building on concepts of traditional medicines, their histories and their connection to Indigenous philosophies of wellness studied in INDIGST 2HW3 , this course focuses on procedures for procurement a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "INDIGST 2HW3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3ID3",
      "title": "Special topics in Indigenous Social Work Research and Practice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Critical examination of current topics indigenous Social Work Research and Practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Social Work"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Work and Labour Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Indigenous Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 3ID3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3II3",
      "title": "Social Work and Indigenous People",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Examination of structural and cultural variables underlying the complex relationships between Indigenous communities and mainstream society, with particular attention to how they are played out in social work practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Social Work"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Work and Labour Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Indigenous Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 4I03",
        "SOCWORK 3I03",
        "SOCWORK 4G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3J03",
      "title": "Government, Politics, and Indigenous Peoples Rights",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An historical examination of the leadership and politics in Canada’s indigenous communities, with a particular focus on pre-contact political structures, the Indian Act and its consequences and contem",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Political Science Specialization in Public Law"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3C03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3N03",
      "title": "Indigenous Women: Land, Rights, and Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will focus on issues Indigenous women identify as relevant to their current quality of life and social wellbeing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies; or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3OL3",
      "title": "Indigenous Orature and Literature as Anti-Colonial Praxis, 1750-1950",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course takes up the study of Indigenous oratory and literary works in North America from the late 18th to the late 20th century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies or English & Cultural Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 3OL3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3P03",
      "title": "Dish with One Spoon Health, Diet and Traditional Botany",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Working with traditional knowledge holders, this course will explore the relationship between ethnobotany and agricultural practice to Haudenosaunee cultural beliefs and concepts of health and wellnes",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level I or II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Indigenous language course"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 3PA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3Q03",
      "title": "Histories of Indigenous Sport, Performance, and Recreation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course takes an historical approach to the study of sports, recreation, and performance as they intersect with issues of race, gender, class, international relations, and Indigenous sovereignty and nationhood.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HISTORY 3SR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3R03",
      "title": "Experiential Land-Based Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This experiential course immerses students in material and social expressions of Indigenous culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3VV3",
      "title": "The Indian Act: A Social Problem",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of Indigenous policy in Canada, with a focus on the Indian Act (the earliest race-based legislation in Canada) and its legal and sociopolitical ramifications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level III Sociology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3VV3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2EE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2UU3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 3Y03",
      "title": "Indigenous Community Health and Wellbeing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical examination of the determinants of health in Indigenous communities, processes of community revitalization and recent government policy initiatives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ANTHROP 3Y03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 3YY3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4A03",
      "title": "Indigenous Climate Justice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A focus on Indigenous land-based sovereignty, jurisdiction, and stewardship, this course examines the multiple overlapping jeopardies of settler colonialism, ecocide, climate crisis, pandemics, war, g",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4C03",
      "title": "Contemporary Indigenous Societies and Issues: Selected Topics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A guided seminar of selected political, economic, or social realities faced by selected Indigenous peoples.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4CW3",
      "title": "Indigenous Women’s Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the rich and diverse literary contributions of Indigenous women writers, focusing on themes of community, feminisms, body sovereignty, and healing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4DW3",
      "title": "Indigenous History in a Decolonizing World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is designed to be an in-depth seminar examining Indigenous history centered around the theories and methodologies of decolonization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "IV of any Honours program in History"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HISTORY 4DW3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4G03",
      "title": "Indigenous Genocide",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "That the literature on Indigenous genocide is relatively sparse reflects the degree in which non-Indigenous North Americans have constructed their national histories that either erases Indigenous hist",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4HH3",
      "title": "Indigenous Health and Interdisciplinary Approaches",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the multiple components of health and wellness as viewed by Indigenous cultures in the past and in a contemporary context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4II3",
      "title": "From the Tipi to the Marae: International Indigenous Education",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This class focuses on international Indigenous approaches to schooling and education with an emphasis on education as a pathway to Indigenous resurgence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4IM3",
      "title": "Indigenous Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine various Indigenous responses to the ways in which colonial nation-states have attempted to subjugate Indigenous people, usurp Indigenous sovereignty, and undermine leadership",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4IW3",
      "title": "Twenty-First Century Indigenous Writing and Film",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A critical examination of recent works by Indigenous authors and filmmakers that give voice to contemporary social, cultural, and political realities in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 4IW3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4J03",
      "title": "Indigenous Erotics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is an in-depth study of the visual and literary forms of Indigenous erotics in North America.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4K03",
      "title": "20th Century Indigenous Rights and The Legacy of Chief Deskaheh",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "(Levi General) 3 unit(s) This course will examine the emergence of Indigenous peoples rights on an international level and the foundational role played by Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh (Levi General) a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six ( 6) units of Level III Indigenous Studies and enrolled in Honours Indigenous Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4L03",
      "title": "Indigenous Community Research Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this group research class, students will acquire hands-on experience conducting primary research for an Indigenous community or organization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six Units of Level III Indigenous Studies and enrolled in Honours Indigenous Studies or permission of the Instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4QQ3",
      "title": "Indigenizing Social Work Practice Approaches",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the social workers role and responsibility in working with diverse Indigenous peoples such as First Nation, Metis and Inuit living on reserve and in urban areas.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Social Work"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Work and Labour Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Indigenous Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 3Q03",
        "SOCWORK 4QQ3",
        "SOCWORK 4G03",
        "INDIGST 3II3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4RI3",
      "title": "The Divine Feminine: Indigenous Femmes, Feminisms, & Rematriation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course looks to representations of Indigenous womanhood in a range of contemporary and historical cultural productions such as: television and film; literature; performance and visual art; print,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of Level III Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours program in English and Cultural Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 4RI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4T06",
      "title": "Honours Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students conduct an individual research project under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level IV of Indigenous Studies Program and permission of Instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "INDIGST 4TR3",
      "title": "Deyohahage:gihe’gowahneh / Two Row on the Grand: Cultural",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Resurgence, Respect & Reconciliation 3 unit(s) This land/water-based interdisciplinary and experiential course will join the Two Row on the Grand participants in a community-based and organized 10-day",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ITALIAN 1AA3",
      "title": "Intermediate Italian II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Continues grammar and vocabulary expansion from ITALIAN 1A03.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ITALIAN 1A03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ITALIAN 2ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ITALIAN 1BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Italian Language I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to basic written and spoken Italian, with a focus on contemporary Italian culture explored through popular music and film.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ITALIAN 1Z06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ITALIAN 2BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Italian Language II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of ITALIAN 1BL3, this course further develops foundational skills in written and spoken Italian.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ITALIAN 1BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ITALIAN 1Z06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ITALIAN 3IL3",
      "title": "Intermediate Italian Language and Conversation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "For students with prior knowledge of Italian, this course focuses on strengthening grammar, listening comprehension, and speaking skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ITALIAN 1Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ITALIAN 2BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent experience"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ITALIAN 1A03",
        "ITALIAN 2Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ITALIAN 3X03",
      "title": "Italy Today Through Film (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of modern Italian culture (post-WWII) through film.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "ITALIAN 4II3",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The student will prepare, under the supervision of a faculty member, a research paper involving independent study in an area where the student has already demonstrated competence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "6 units of Italian above Level I and permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "JAPANESE 1BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Japanese Language I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to basic spoken and written discourse skills in Japanese.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "JAPANESE 2BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Japanese Language II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of JAPANESE 1BL3, this course further develops foundational skills to basic spoken and written discourse skills in Japanese.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "JAPANESE 1BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "JAPANESE 1Z06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "JAPANESE 2X03",
      "title": "Japanese Anime (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to Japanese popular culture and the art of Japanese animated film known as Anime.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "JAPANESE 3IL3",
      "title": "Intermediate Japanese Language and Conversation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "For students with prior knowledge of Japanese.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "JAPANESE 1Z06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "JAPANESE 2BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "equivalent experience"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "JAPANESE 2Z03",
        "JAPANESE 2ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1A03",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the basic embryology and tissue development and examination of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous, articular, skeletal and muscular systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I Honours Kinesiology"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2X03",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1AA3",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, renal, endocrine and reproductive systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level I Honours Kinesiology"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2XX3",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1ED3",
      "title": "Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Physical Activity",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course invites students to embark on a journey to enhance critical knowledge, capacity, and competency in applying equity, diversity, and inclusion principles in Kinesiology learning and practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1F03",
      "title": "Human Nutrition and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the study of human nutrition, with an examination of the role of nutrition, and, where applicable, physical activity in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I Honours Kinesiology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1K03",
      "title": "Foundations in Kinesiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduces students to the field of kinesiology, describing how the various sub-disciplines integrate together into a unified understanding of the study of human movement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I Honours Kinesiology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1Y03",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the basic embryology and tissue development and examination of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous, articular, skeletal and muscular systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I Honours Medical Radiation Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 2X03",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 1YY3",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, renal, endocrine and reproductive systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level I Honours Medical Radiation Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 2XX3",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2A03",
      "title": "Biomechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the analysis of human motion using fundamental mechanical principles, with a focus on inquiry and laboratory skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of a Kinesiology program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 3J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2C03",
      "title": "Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of neuromuscular function during exercise, with an emphasis on factors limiting strength, speed and power performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II of a Kinesiology program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours Biology - Physiology program ( See"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2CC3",
      "title": "Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Exercise Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of cardiorespiratory function and metabolic regulation during exercise, with emphasis on factors limiting human performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 1F03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II of a Kinesiology program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in an Honours Biology - Physiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2E03",
      "title": "Musculoskeletal Anatomy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of anatomy with a focus on bones, joints, muscles and connective tissues of the spine and extremities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of a Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2G03",
      "title": "Health Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to health psychology that examines the interplay between psychology and biology, emphasizing the complexity of maintaining health and preventing disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of a Kinesiology program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 2GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2GG3",
      "title": "Health Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Health psychology investigates how psychological, biological, and social factors interact to influence health and well- being.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 2G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2KC3",
      "title": "Kinesiology for the Curious",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A foundational introduction to kinesiology and human movement for students from all academic backgrounds.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2MC3",
      "title": "Motor Control and Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of the behavioral and psychological principles of motor control and motor learning for understanding motor skill acquisition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of a Kinesiology program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 1E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2SN3",
      "title": "Trendy or True? Debunking Myths in Sport Nutrition",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Examines popular trends, myths, and evidence-based practices in sports nutrition and performance supplementation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2X03",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the basic embryology and tissue development and examination of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous, articular, skeletal and muscular systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Grade 12 Biology U"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2XX3",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology II",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, lymphatic respiratory, digestive, renal endocrine and reproductive systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2Y03",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the basic embryology and tissue development and examination of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous, articular, skeletal and muscular systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Grade 12 Biology U"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1A03",
        "KINESIOL 1Y03",
        "KINESIOL 2X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 2YY3",
      "title": "Human Anatomy and Physiology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, lymphatic respiratory, digestive, renal endocrine and reproductive systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1D06",
        "HTHSCI 1H06",
        "HTHSCI 2F03",
        "HTHSCI 2FF3",
        "HTHSCI 2L03",
        "HTHSCI 2LL3",
        "KINESIOL 1AA3",
        "KINESIOL 1YY3",
        "KINESIOL 2XX3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3AA3",
      "title": "Biomechanics II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Study of kinematics and kinetics of human movement, including electromyography, link segment modelling, work- power-energy, fluid and tissue mechanics with applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3B03",
      "title": "Adaptive Physical Activity",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to various medical conditions, systemic and social-environmental disabling factors, and the construction and experiences of disability, emphasizing self-determination, autonomy, and agency.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above This course may be taken as elective credit by undergraduates in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a non-Kinesiology program. However"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment for such students is limited"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3CN3",
      "title": "Clinical Nutrition",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Building on foundational knowledge of nutritional requirements for healthy adults, this course focuses on conditions commonly encountered in clinical settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1F03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3E03",
      "title": "Neural Control of Human Movement",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Neuromuscular control underlying human movement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2MC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 3K03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3F03",
      "title": "Athletic Training & Conditioning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on fundamental principles of strength and conditioning for high performance athletes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2E03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3H03",
      "title": "Exercise Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of the psychological antecedents and consequences of physical activity behaviour with an integrated perspective of the psychophysiological mechanisms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3HN3",
      "title": "Human Neurophysiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Provides an in-depth exploration of the sensorimotor cortex and spinal pathways that control movement of the upper and lower limbs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2MC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1E03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "for non-kinesiology students"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor based on comparable prerequisite knowledge from non-kinesiology courses"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3K03",
      "title": "Sports Injuries",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will focus on an understanding of mechanism of injury, and injury prevention as applied to common injuries associated with sport and physical activity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3L03",
      "title": "Exercise Testing and Prescription",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis on exercise testing and prescription for the healthy adult population.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2CC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3N03",
      "title": "Ergonomics I: Workplace Injury Risk Assessment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Analysis and quantification of musculoskeletal injury risks in the workplace, with an emphasis on reducing work related low back and upper extremity disorders.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2027-2028"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3Q03",
      "title": "Motor Development Across the Lifespan",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to motor development theories, principles and concepts covering the human life span.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2MC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 1E03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3RM3",
      "title": "Research Methodologies and Data Analysis in Kinesiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course deals with the scientific research process with direct application to the field of Kinesiology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 4RR6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 4RR9"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3RP3",
      "title": "Kinesiology Research Practicum",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This placement course provides students in Honours Kinesiology the opportunity to explore different research laboratory experiences within the Department of Kinesiology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Kinesiology program This course cannot be repeated"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3U03",
      "title": "Human Growth and Maturation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In depth analysis of genetic and endocrine influences on the morphological and functional development of fat, skeletal muscle and bone tissue during childhood, in the context of exercise, physical per",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 2F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3V03",
      "title": "Sport Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how psychological factors influence and are influenced by participation and performance in sport.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above This course may be taken as elective credit by undergraduates in Level III or above of a non-Kinesiology program. However, enrolment for such students is limited"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3W03",
      "title": "Cardiovascular Physiology of Exercise",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the integrated neural and vascular factors in regulating blood pressure and blood flow, with a focus on mechanisms underlying maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis during exercise.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2CC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3Y03",
      "title": "Nutrition for Sport and Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An in-depth analysis of human nutrition and metabolism, with an emphasis on the impact of diet on human physical performance in both healthy and chronic disease states.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1F03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 3Z03",
      "title": "Neuromuscular Plasticity in Health and Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to provide students with an advanced understanding of peripheral neuromuscular biology (i.e., motor neuron, neuromuscular synapse, skeletal muscle) as it applies to exercise an",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4B03",
      "title": "Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and evidence-based guidelines for its diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 3W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4C03",
      "title": "Integrative Exercise Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A detailed analysis of the physiological factors that regulate human performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2CC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in an Honours Biology - Physiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4D03",
      "title": "Psychophysiology of Healthy, Active Living",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Exploration of the physiological mechanisms by which exercise, sedentary behaviours, and sleep impact aspects of brain health and function.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4EE3",
      "title": "Professional Placement in Kinesiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students take part in a supervised practical experience that links classroom knowledge to professional practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INSPIRE 3AR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4GG3",
      "title": "Clinical and Applied Biomechanics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Examination of current research in clinical, sport, occupational, and other applications in biomechanics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 3AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2026-2027"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4H03",
      "title": "Physical Activity Behaviour Change",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of design, delivery and evaluation of interventions to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity in individuals, groups and communities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4IE3",
      "title": "Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Kinesiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of entrepreneurship and innovation and aims to equip students with the skills, knowledge, and tools they need to launc",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 4UU3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4J03",
      "title": "Functional Anatomy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A hands-on applied study of anatomy for independent learners.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4KK3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Rehabilitation",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Outlines the basic foundations of orthopedic rehabilitation including pathophysiology, clinical biomechanics, and exercise prescription.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4PW3",
      "title": "Growing Up Healthy: Pediatric Weight Management",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the complex and unique considerations of promoting healthy weight in children and adolescents.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 3U03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2F03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 4VV3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4Q03",
      "title": "Pediatric Exercise Physiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Physiologic aspects of physical activity and exercise in children and adolescents in health and disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 3U03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2F03"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2027-2028"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4RR6",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent project involving a research topic under the supervision of a faculty member in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 3RM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours Kinesiology program with a minimum GPA of 8.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 4RR9"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4RR9",
      "title": "Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent project involving a research topic under the supervision of a faculty member in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 3RM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours Kinesiology program with a minimum GPA of 8.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 4RR6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4S03",
      "title": "Exercise as Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Focus on the causes, symptoms, and pathophysiology of specific chronic health impairments prevalent in our society and the various benefits/risks of physical activity and exercise in these populations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D06"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above This course may be taken as elective credit by undergraduates in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a non-Kinesiology program. However"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment for such students is limited"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4SS3",
      "title": "Human Aging: Biological and Lifestyle Influences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The interrelationship between biological processes of aging and associated lifestyle factors (e.g.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above This course may be taken as elective credit by undergraduates in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a non-Kinesiology program. However"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment for such students is limited"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4TT3",
      "title": "Movement Neuroscience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Provides an overview of the principles of sensorimotor control and learning, and their application to robotic neurorehabilitation and brain-machine interfaces.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Kinesiology program or Level III or above of an Honours B.Sc. program in Neuroscience, Life Sciences, Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4UU3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Kinesiology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topics of contemporary interest with emphasis upon current theory and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4VV3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Kinesiology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics of contemporary interest with emphasis upon current theory and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4W03",
      "title": "Exploring Movement and Posture",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of fundamental topics such as gait, posture, and the evaluation of musculoskeletal function.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 3K03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 3BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4XX3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Kinesiology III",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topics of contemporary interest with emphasis upon current theory and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4Y03",
      "title": "Cognitive Neuroscience of Exercise",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Provides a detailed understanding of the impact that physical activity has on the structure and function of the brain, with an emphasis on cognitive outcomes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "KINESIOL 4Z03",
      "title": "Scientific Computing and Wearable Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to computer programming as it relates to the scientific processing and use of wearable technology in kinesiology and human movement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Kinesiology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LANGCUL 1X03",
      "title": "Language, Communication, and Context",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course cultivates communicative versatility by integrating genre-aware writing, collaborative and interpersonal practices, strategic and creative-thinking methodologies, and responsible digital l",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LANGCUL 1XX3",
      "title": "Language, Communication, and Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how language functions across social and cultural contexts by exploring sociolinguistic variation, interactional norms, and meaning-making processes, and invites students to use r",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LATIN 1Z03",
      "title": "Beginner’s Intensive Latin I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LATIN 1ZZ3",
      "title": "Beginner’s Intensive Latin II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Courses If no prerequisite is listed, the course is open.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2A03",
      "title": "Research Methods in Life Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the use and application of the scientific method in the life sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a Life Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2BP3",
      "title": "Biophysics of the Cell and Living Organisms",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Some of the most exciting breakthroughs in science are made at the interface between disciplines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOPHYS 2A03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2CC3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Neuroscience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will cover foundational topics in neuroscience, including mechanisms of nerve cell signaling, synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, and nervous system development and repair.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "all",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 2A18"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2D03",
      "title": "Behavioural Processes",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | 3 unit(s) An examination of the concepts that underpin animal behaviour and an illustration of how selection pressures have operated to produce the diversity of behaviour that h",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
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                ]
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 2XC3",
        "PSYCH 3T03",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "PSYCH 4L8"
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    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2DH3",
      "title": "Determinants of Health and Physical Activity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course covers the biopsychosocial determinants of health, with a focus on physical activity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2L03",
      "title": "Living Systems Laboratory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will employ diverse experimental techniques to study real-world research questions in Life Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a Life Sciences or Medical Radiation Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2N03",
      "title": "Human Nutrition for Life Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Basic principles of human nutrition, including the interaction between nutrients and physiological processes that impact health and disease risk.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a program in the Faculty of Science or the Faculty of Health Sciences or the Arts & Science program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 3BB3",
        "KINESIOL 1F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 2X03",
      "title": "Environmental Change and Human Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination through case-studies of the direct and indirect links between environmental change and human health.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "EARTHSCI 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENVIRSC 1C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3AA3",
      "title": "Human Pathophysiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the normal physiology of a healthy individual through to the pathophysiological consequences of disease at the cell and tissue level, and how this can lead to greater implications",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of any Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2XX3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2YY3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 4K03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3BB3",
      "title": "Neurobiology of Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of the cellular, circuit and system level abnormalities that underlie nervous system diseases.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3BM3",
      "title": "Implanted Biomaterials",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the chemistry of implantable biomaterials (metals, ceramics, plastics, elastomers) and the methods used to characterize their physical properties.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours Chemical Biology program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEM 2E03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 2OB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 2OB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMBIO 3BM3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3BP3",
      "title": "Modelling Life",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to simulating computational models in the life sciences, including examples from molecular and cell biology, ecology and evolution.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOPHYS 3G03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3E03",
      "title": "Reproductive Endocrinology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An interdisciplinary approach to the examination of human reproductive behaviour through the lens of endocrinology and evolutionary biology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "all",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 2D03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2GG3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3EP3",
      "title": "Life Sciences Applied Placement",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This placement course provides students with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above of a Life Sciences program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3G03",
      "title": "Introduction to Epidemiology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Basic principles of epidemiology, including clinical study design, measures of disease risk and mortality, diagnostic test characteristics and applications to public health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3J03",
      "title": "Human Biomechanics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to mechanical principles and concepts as applied to the human musculoskeletal system.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1C03"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PHYSICS 1V03"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a program in the Faculty of Science. Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 2A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3K03",
      "title": "Neural Control of Human Movement",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The control of human movement studied in detail from neurophysiological, cognitive and dynamical perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2N03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2D03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2NF3"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
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                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
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                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2N03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2D03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2NF3"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 3E03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3L03",
      "title": "Laboratory Methods in Life Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students develop advanced skills in experimental design, research methodologies, data analysis, and the communication of research information in the Life Sciences.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2A03"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 2L03"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a Life Sciences program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3LA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Data Literacy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will enable students to take complex datasets and distill them into meaningful information from which they can draw reasoned conclusions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 2L03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3LL3",
      "title": "Living Systems Laboratory Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Provides an opportunity to explore various areas of study within the Life Sciences in a small-group learning environment in the laboratory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3LX3",
      "title": "Applied Biostatistics and Scientific Writing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this course, students will compose a unique research question, apply introductory biostatistics methods to original datasets and synthesize research findings in a scientific manuscript.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3M03",
      "title": "Cellular Dynamics in Health and Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how cells respond to a variety of biochemical and biophysical information to continuously adapt to their behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2BP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MOLBIOL 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3N03",
      "title": "Human Nutritional Toxicology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course mainly focuses on discussing metal toxicity in human systems at the genetic, cellular, biochemical, and physiological levels, as well as discusses the socio-economic and political paramete",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOCHEM 2EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3P03",
      "title": "Communicating Science for Public Audiences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students apply principles of inclusive science communication to engage diverse audiences with science and its applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCICOMM 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCICOMM 3P03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3PP3",
      "title": "Communicating Science for Professional Audiences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students practice communicating science in different formats for varied professional audiences, such as other scientists, clinicians, investors, regulatory bodies and policymakers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCICOMM 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 2A18",
        "SCICOMM 3PP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3Q03",
      "title": "Global Human Health and Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores some of the most pressing issues in global health, from infectious disease to addiction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Science program Priority will be given to students in an Honours Life Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3RC3",
      "title": "Radioisotopes in Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A systematic study of the use of radioactive isotopes and radiotracers in the physical and life sciences, including: radioisotope production; elucidating biochemical pathways using radiotracers; diagn",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 3RC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3RP3",
      "title": "Life Sciences Research Practicum",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with an opportunity to explore potential research projects under the supervision of a McMaster University faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Life Sciences program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences specialization"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of an academic supervisor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3W03",
      "title": "Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of Health: Role in Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Disparity 3 unit(s) In this course, students will be introduced to the genetic and epigenetic determinants of health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3XX3",
      "title": "Peer Mentoring",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the pedagogy of peer mentorship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCICOMM 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program; and a GPA of at least 7.0 Not open to students with credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 3YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 3TT3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 3Z03",
      "title": "Life Sciences Inquiry",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Provides an opportunity to explore various areas of study within the Life Sciences in a small-group learning environment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCI 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "online. Students are encouraged to check scheduling information and the course outline to confirm the course offering details"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4A03",
      "title": "Life Sciences Advanced Research Practicum",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced research practicum, involving laboratory or field work or literature review under the supervision of a McMaster University faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the supervising faculty member"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3RP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 4B09",
        "LIFESCI 4C12",
        "LIFESCI 4D15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4B09",
      "title": "Independent Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students an opportunity to conduct an independent research study under the supervision of a McMaster University faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program with a minimum GPA of 7.0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the supervising faculty member"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3RP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 4A03",
        "LIFESCI 4C12",
        "LIFESCI 4D15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4C12",
      "title": "Independent Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An independent study under the supervision of a McMaster University faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program with a minimum GPA of 8.0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the supervising faculty member"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3RP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 4A03",
        "LIFESCI 4B09",
        "LIFESCI 4D15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4CM3",
      "title": "Foundations of Disease States Inquiry Lab",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this inquiry-based lab course, students learn and apply current techniques to study the behavioural, cellular, and molecular basis of human disease states.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 3M03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences ( B.Sc. ) program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4D15",
      "title": "Independent Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An independent study under the supervision of a McMaster University faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program with a minimum GPA of 10.5"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the supervising faculty member"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3RP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 4A03",
        "LIFESCI 4B06",
        "LIFESCI 4B09",
        "LIFESCI 4C09",
        "LIFESCI 4C12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4DD3",
      "title": "Racism & Health Inequities in Science & Health Care",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students will explore and discuss how racism, prejudice, and biases have shaped scientific thought and medical practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Sciences program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4E03",
      "title": "Science & Storytelling",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Communicating science through stories can increase the visibility and impact of developments in the field.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program Preferential enrolment is done by pre-registration ballot"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4EP6",
      "title": "Life Sciences Advanced Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This placement course provides students in the Life Sciences program with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4F03",
      "title": "Emerging Paradigms in Environmental Change and Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced seminar on selected aspects of the relation between environmental change and human health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4H03",
      "title": "Regeneration: What Can We Learn from Animal Models?",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Regeneration is the process by which lost body parts are replaced or restored.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Science program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4I03",
      "title": "Research Seminar",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced seminar focusing on selected topics in an area of Life Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Science program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4J03",
      "title": "Science Communication in the Media",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students will critically analyze media portrayals of science and explore the consequences of poor science communication.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 3P03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 4P03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if the Topic was Science Communication in the Media. Preferential enrolment is done by pre-registration ballot"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4L03",
      "title": "Our Invisible Body: Microbes and Human Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar course will investigate microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) and their role in human health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Sciences program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4M03",
      "title": "Research Seminar",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced seminar focusing on selected topics in an area of Life Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Sciences ( B.Sc.) program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4N03",
      "title": "Research Seminar",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced seminar focusing on selected topics in an area of Life Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Sciences ( B.Sc.) program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4O03",
      "title": "Research Seminar",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced seminar focusing on selected topics in an area of Life Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Science program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4P03",
      "title": "Ancient Scientific Literature",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "We will be investigating the origins of scientific activity - observing, measuring, and describing natural phenomena - in ancient or very early periods of cultures which are recorded via written texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Science, Honours Integrated Science, or Honours Arts and Science program. Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4Q03",
      "title": "Research Seminar",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced seminar focusing on selected topics in an area of Life Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Sciences program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4U03",
      "title": "Mechanisms of Disease",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will analyze molecular and cellular research on disease pathogenesis, explore how cellular miscommunication results in disease, and investigate the design process behind targeted therapeutics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4W03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Nutrition",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on the clinical and practical applications of nutrition science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 2N03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4X03",
      "title": "The Biopsychology of Sex",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores reproductive and hormonal health from neuroanatomical, behavioural, and neuroendocrine perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours Life Sciences program Preferential enrolment is done by preregistration ballot"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4XX3",
      "title": "The Synapse",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Exploration of classical and current research on the mechanisms of synaptic transmission, with a focus on the neuromuscular junction, sensory receptors, memory formation, and the roles of synapses in disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of Honours Life Sciences Sensory-Motor Systems Specialization"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor Enrolment is guaranteed for students in Honours Life Sciences Sensory-Motor Systems Specialization. Preferential enrolment for remaining seats is done by preregistration ballot"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4Y03",
      "title": "Applied Biomechanics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A combination of lectures and problem based learning on aspects of human movement facing the modern biomechanist.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 3J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 2X03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 2Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "KINESIOL 4AA3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LIFESCI 4Z03",
      "title": "Advanced Inquiry in the Life Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Offers in-depth exploration of a topic in the life sciences in the context of current societal challenges.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of an Honours Life Sciences program Effective 2027-2028, enrolment is guaranteed for students in Honours Life Sciences Health Evidence and Science Engagement Specialization. Preferential enrolment for remaining seats is done by preregistration ballot"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2DD3",
      "title": "Statistics for Language Research",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course explores the use and analysis of quantitative data in empirical linguistic research using the statistical software package R in a hands-on approach within the framework of applied linguistic problems sets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "LINGUIST 2D03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ECON 2B03",
        "ENVSOCTY 3MB3",
        "PNB 2XE3",
        "POLSCI 3N06",
        "POLSCI 3NN3",
        "PSYCH 2RA3",
        "SOCSCI 2J03",
        "SOCIOL 3H06",
        "STATS 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2E03",
      "title": "The Nature of Texts: From Slang to Formal Discourse",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2FL3",
      "title": "Introduction to Forensic Linguistics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2L03",
      "title": "Phonetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2LC3",
      "title": "Historical Linguistics: Language Evolution and Change",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2LL3",
      "title": "Languages of the World and Linguistic Universals",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2PS3",
      "title": "Psycholinguistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2S03",
      "title": "Language and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2SL3",
      "title": "Introduction to American Sign Language",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to concepts related to people, places and things within the immediate environment, as well as the basic values and norms of the Deaf culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 2SY3",
      "title": "Syntax",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 3AA3",
      "title": "Linguistics in the Real World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course provides students a contrast to formal linguistics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LINGUIST 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LINGUIST 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 1EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LINGUIST 1ZZ3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LINGUIST 4AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 3C03",
      "title": "Child Language Acquisition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 3E03",
      "title": "Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "LINGUIST 3F03",
      "title": "Anatomy and Physiology for Speech, Language and Hearing",
      "terms": [],
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    },
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      "id": "LINGUIST 4LC3",
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      ],
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    {
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      ],
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      "description": "Basic robot categories; robot components; mobility/constraint analysis; workspace analysis; manipulator kinematics and motion trajectories; non-redundant and redundant sensing/actuation of manipulator",
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        "Summer"
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        "Summer"
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      "title": "Reading in Mathematics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Directed reading in areas of mathematics of interest to the student and the instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "GPA of at least a 7.0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATH 4WW3",
      "title": "Reading in Mathematics II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Directed reading in areas of mathematics of interest to the student and the instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "GPA of at least 7.0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 4X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "analytic continuation"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "harmonic functions"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Riemann mapping theorem"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 3CF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 3X03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATH 5GT3",
      "title": "Graduate Level Topics in Mathematics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Undergraduate students may seek permission to enrol in selected graduate level offerings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Permission of the Department of Mathematics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different graduate level topic. McMaster English Language Development Department of Linguistics and Languages ( Faculty of Humanities ) ( +1 ) 905-525-9140 Ext. 24388 Email"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 2A04",
      "title": "Introduction to Materials Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Crystallography, phase diagrams, phase transformations, Miller indices, slip systems and the basis of plastic deformation, biomaterials, tools for materials analysis, metallography, introduction to mi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any Materials Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 2H04",
        "MATLS 2X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 2B03",
      "title": "Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "First and Second Laws.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 2H04",
        "PHYSICS 2H04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 2D03",
      "title": "Thermodynamics of Alloys and Phase Diagrams",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Configurational entropy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEM 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEM 1E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 2Q03",
      "title": "Electronic Properties of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the electronic structure and properties of materials: electrons and their behaviour in vacuum and in a crystal lattice, electronic structure of elements, crystal bonding, free elect",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in any Materials Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 2Q04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3B03",
      "title": "Manufacturing Engineering of Multifunctional and Biomedical Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Surface science and technology related to the preparation of fine particles of minerals, metals and ceramics for industrial production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3C03",
      "title": "Applied Thermodynamics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Gaseous systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3F03",
      "title": "High-Temperature Materials Production",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamentals of processing, building on a knowledge of heat and mass transfer.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3J03",
      "title": "Statistical Methods for Materials Engineers",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to probability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III and above of any Materials Engineering, or Level II and above of any Chemical Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "STATS 3Y03",
        "IBEHS 3S03",
        "IBEHS 4C03",
        "HTHSCI 2GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3LP3",
      "title": "Applications of Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Real-world applications of heat and mass transfer.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3TP4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMENG 3TP6",
        "CHEMENG 3A04",
        "MATLS 3E04",
        "MECHENG 3R03",
        "ENGPHYS 3O04",
        "MECHENG 4J03",
        "CHEMENG 3M04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3M03",
      "title": "Mechanical Behaviour of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Elastic and Plastic Deformation of Materials.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 2P04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CIVENG 2P04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Materials Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 2P04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2P04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Nuclear Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3MF3",
      "title": "Materials Fabrication",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Processing methods for a wide range of materials, primarily metals but including ceramics and plastics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Civil Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 4J03",
        "ENGINEER 3MF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3Q03",
      "title": "Materials for Electronic Applications",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental properties of materials used in electronic applications, operation of devices and fabrication methods of electronic circuits and packaging.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2Q04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2QM3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the department"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 3PN4",
        "ENGPHYS 3PN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3T04",
      "title": "Phase Transformations",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Molar Gibbs energy diagrams.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2A04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2H04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 3TP4",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental principles of heat and mass transfer, focusing on the underlying physics and mathematical descriptions governing conduction, convection, radiation and diffusion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2ZZ3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMENG 3T06",
        "CHEMENG 3A04",
        "MATLS 3E04",
        "MECHENG 3R03",
        "ENGPHYS 3004",
        "MECHENG 4J03",
        "CHEMENG 3M04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4B03",
      "title": "Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to biomaterials.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in the Integrated Biomedical Engineering"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4M03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4C03",
      "title": "Modern Iron and Steelmaking",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Theory and practice of iron making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Materials Engineering; or permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4D03",
      "title": "Corrosion and its Control",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Thermodynamics, electrochemistry, electrified interface, electrode potential, Faradays Law, Butler-Volmer equation, activation polarization, concentration polarization, mixed potential theory, passivi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III above in any Materials Engineering; or permission of the department Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4EX1",
      "title": "Engineering Report for Exchange Students",
      "terms": [
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Exchange students prepare a written report and make an oral presentation on an engineering problem encountered during their summer work experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "ENGINEER 4K01"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4FF3",
      "title": "Synthesis, Applications and Environmental Impact of Nanomaterials",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Synthesis routes for nanomaterials, bottom-up and top-down approaches, green chemistry methods, properties of materials: carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, quantum dots.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Materials Engineering, Engineering Physics or Chemistry; or permission of the department. Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4G03",
      "title": "Characterization of Nanomaterials",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Interaction of electrons and photons with matter.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Engineering Physics or Honours Chemistry; or permission of the department Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4H03",
      "title": "X-ray Analysis and Functional Properties of Polycrystalline and Thin",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Film Materials 3 unit(s) X-ray analysis of bulk polycrystalline materials and thin films.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Materials Engineering; or permission of the department Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4I03",
      "title": "Sustainable Manufacturing Processes",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Sustainable development, ingenuity gap, materials cycles, Eco-Efficiency, Environmental Impact parameters, introduction and computational structure of life cycle analysis, waste treatment and recyclin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Materials Engineering or Chemical Engineering; or permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4K06",
      "title": "Senior Research Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Several written and oral reports are required in each term.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above in any Materials Engineering and a GPA of at least 8.0 and permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 4KA3",
        "MATLS 4KB3",
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "IBEHS 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4LA3",
      "title": "Heat-Treatable Al Alloys",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A sequence of experiments to simulate industrial production of an Al-Mg-Si alloy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MATLS 3T04"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 4LA2",
        "MATLS 4L02",
        "MATLS 4L04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4LB3",
      "title": "Synthesis and Characterization of Biomedical Coatings",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A sequence of experiments to investigate surface modification of biomaterials involving electrodeposition, electrospinning, polymer coatings and relevant biological characterization methods.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Completion of level II of any Materials Engineering or of any Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 4LB2",
        "MATLS 4L02",
        "MATLS 4L04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4LF3",
      "title": "Synthesis, Properties and Application of Thin Films",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A sequence of experiments to investigate and study a wide range of thin film growth methods and applications including vacuum deposition, electrodeposition, spin coating, sol gel, and sacrificial oxid",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MATLS 2Q03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 4LF2",
        "MATLS 4L02",
        "MATLS 4L04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4LS3",
      "title": "Physical Metallurgy of Steels",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A sequence of experiments to simulate industrial thermal-mechanical processing of low-carbon, low alloy steels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MATLS 3T04"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MATLS 4L02",
        "MATLS 4L04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4ME3",
      "title": "Material Degradation in Nuclear Environment",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Material requirements for nuclear reactors and fuel rods; Irradiation damage and material aging mechanisms; Corrosion and high temperature oxidation; Material selection.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in either Nuclear Engineering or any Materials Engineering program; or permission of the department. First offered in 2028/2029"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4ML3",
      "title": "Applications of Machine Learning to Materials and Chemical",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Engineering 3 unit(s) Materials and chemical engineering applications of machine learning with topics in: Bias, neural networks, deep learning and learning theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MATLS 3J03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4MS4",
      "title": "Materials Selection in Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Materials indices, materials selection charts, materials selection and design with mechanical and thermo-mechanical constraints, design of hybrid materials, sustainable materials selection and design.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGINEER 2P04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2P04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2P04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 3A04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 3LP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in any Civil Engineering"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the department"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGINEER 4T04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4NN3",
      "title": "Computational Modelling in Materials Engineering at the Nano-scale",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Microscopic insight to the structure of functional materials used in photovoltaics, light generation, piezoelectronics and origin of their properties from atomic-scale simulations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any Materials Engineering or Engineering Physics; or permission of the department Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4P03",
      "title": "Properties of Polymeric Materials",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Structure of amorphous and crystalline polymeric materials; mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and their modification through processing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Materials Engineering; or permission of the department Open to Level III and IV students registered in a program in the Faculty of Science or Engineering with permission of the department. Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4Q03",
      "title": "Materials for Sensors in Big Data and AI Systems",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Sensors and sensing materials for big data and artificial intelligence systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 2Q04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3PN4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4T03",
      "title": "Properties and Processing of Composites",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Intrinsic properties of matrix materials and fibres; mechanics and thermodynamics of interfaces; mechanical properties and fabrication of engineering composites.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4Y03",
      "title": "Advanced Biomaterials: Applications and Characterization",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced applications of biomaterials including nanobiomaterials, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, microfluidics, biosensing, immunomodulatory materials.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATLS 4B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Materials Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in the Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( iBioMed ) program Offered on an irregular rotation basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MATLS 4Z06",
      "title": "Materials Engineering Capstone",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Projects, in cooperation with either Industry or a Faculty member, focusing on materials or materials processing design, including economic and sustainability analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the final year of any Materials Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2B03",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Measurements and Statistical Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Static and dynamic characteristics of instruments, descriptive statistics of measurement data including probability distribution and error and uncertainty analysis, variable conversion elements and signal amplification.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 2BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2BA3",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Measurements",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Static and dynamic characteristics of instruments, statistical analysis of measurement errors, variable conversion elements and signal amplification.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any Mechatronics Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2C04",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Design Project I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Design/Build/Test projects involving synthesis, modelling, and analysis, including technical drawings and CAD.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2D03",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Design Elements",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Design synthesis, fundamental principles of standard design elements, mechanical and fluid power elements, component specification and optimization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 2DA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2DA3",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Design Elements",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Design synthesis, fundamental principles of standard design elements, mechanical and fluid power elements, component specification and optimization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of any Mechatronics Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 2D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2P04",
      "title": "Statics and Mechanics of Materials",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of statics.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of any Mechanical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2P04",
        "ENGPHYS 2P04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2Q04",
      "title": "Engineering Mechanics: Kinetics and Dynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Kinematics and dynamics of particles and rigid bodies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2Q03",
        "CIVENG 2Q04",
        "ENGPHYS 2CD4",
        "MECHENG 2QA4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 2W04",
      "title": "Thermodynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to the principles of thermodynamics, and applications in engineering.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3A03",
      "title": "Engineering Mechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Analysis of columns under centric and eccentric loading; Symmetrical and unsymmetrical bending analysis under centric and eccentric loading; Shearing stresses and shear flow in non-thin wall and thin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2P04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2C04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3C03",
      "title": "Manufacturing Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A general introduction, encompassing the wide field of activities from iron and steel making through casting, rolling, forging, to cold forming, metal cutting, welding, bonding, electrical machining,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering or Materials Science and Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MANTECH 3MF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3E03",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Design Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "3-D stress transformation, curved beams, thick walled pressure vessels, analysis and design of interference fits, rotating disks and rings, thermal stresses, eccentric column buckling, contact stresse",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2Q04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 3E05"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3F04",
      "title": "Modelling and Numerical Solutions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introductory course in numerical analysis covering such topics as numerical differentiation, regression, interpolation, curve-fitting, optimization and the solution of differential equations and sy",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2E03",
        "COMPENG 3SK3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3MA2",
      "title": "Composite Laboratory IA",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Laboratory exercises in machining processes and fundamental mechanical engineering subjects, and statistical analysis of experimental data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of Mechanical Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering or Level IV of Mechanical & Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechanical & Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 3M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3MB2",
      "title": "Composite Laboratory IB",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Laboratory exercises in fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and solid mechanics, and statistical analysis of experimental data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III of Mechanical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level IV of Mechanical & Management or Mechanical & Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHENG 3M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3O04",
      "title": "Fluid Mechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fluid properties and statics, conservation laws, applications of the continuity, momentum and energy equations, dimensional analysis and similarity, boundary layer flow, internal and external flows.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2O04",
        "CHEMENG 2O04",
        "ENGPHYS 3O04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 3R03",
      "title": "Heat Transfer",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Application of the laws of conduction, convection and radiation to problems in heat transfer.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 3I03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 2W04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 3O04",
        "CHEMENG 3A04",
        "MATLS 3TP4",
        "MATLS 3LP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4AA3",
      "title": "Aerodynamics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Forces and moments associated with flow around airfoils and bodies.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 4S03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4AI3",
      "title": "Applied Artificial Intelligence",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the principles of modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) in a practical, hands-on way.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPSCI 4AL3",
        "SFWRENG 4AL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4B03",
      "title": "Topics in Product Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Case studies using modern product development methods, value engineering, product specification, rapid product development, lean design and continuous improvement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4BB3",
      "title": "Biomechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Application of mechanical engineering principles to biomechanics problems including cellular biomechanics, hemodynamics, circulatory system, respiratory system, muscles and movement and skeletal biome",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 4B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4BF3",
      "title": "Biofluid Mechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The objective is to learn blood flow mechanics through the circulatory system and its subsystems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Engineering program or Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( iBioMed) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4C03",
      "title": "Production Systems Engineering",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Analytical tools to evaluate and design production systems to meet specified performance metrics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4CC3",
      "title": "Experimental and Computational Biomechanics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to experimental and computational biomechanics including biomechanical testing concepts and application of finite element methods in simulations of biomechanical structures/systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 4XC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4D03",
      "title": "Manufacturing Processes (Metal Removal)",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamentals of metal removing processes, including mechanics and tribological aspects of material removal.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Mechanical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4DD3",
      "title": "Introduction to Surface Engineering in Manufacturing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Fundamentals of surface engineering in manufacturing including surface properties; surface characterization: different techniques and instruments; surface engineering techniques (conversion and deposi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4E03",
      "title": "Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction, microfabrication and micromachining fundamentals, scaling effects, mechanics and transduction at microscale, actuation and sensing methods - Electrostatic, piezoelectric, thermal, electr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Physics or Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( iBioMed) program or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4ES3",
      "title": "Energy Storage",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An overview of energy storage from the nanosecond scale to the seasonal scale.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2W04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2CD4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3D04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MATLS 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CIVENG 2O04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4FM3",
      "title": "Advanced Instrumentation and Sensing for Thermo-Fluids",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The theory and practice of experimental analysis of fluid mechanics problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2O04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4H03",
      "title": "Mechatronics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and computer control.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHTRON 3DX4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ELECENG 3CL4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SFWRENG 3DX4"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechatronics Engineering or Electrical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4I03",
      "title": "Acoustics & Noise Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on applied acoustics and noise control, using real life case studies to learn about environmental acoustics, reverberation control, sound transmission in buildings, and noise contr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, or Engineering Physics program or permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4J03",
      "title": "Introduction to Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Computational Methods for Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer covering: concepts of modelling and numerical analysis, governing equations of thermo-fluid problems, finite difference discretization methods.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3F04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2CE4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4K03",
      "title": "Robotics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamental theory and practical applications of robotic manipulators and mobile robots.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2Q04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2QA4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2CD4"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Mechanical Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechatronics Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering Physics program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4M06",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A major mechanical project including quantitative design analysis, optimization, validation and/or testing to be completed under the supervision or co-supervision of a faculty member holding an appoin",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3E03"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3R03"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Mechanical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level V Mechanical Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level V Mechanical Engineering and Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4N03",
      "title": "Nanobio Engineering",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction to nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nanotechnology in living systems, nanotechnology in biomedical devices, nanobiomaterials, characterization of biomaterials, nano-coatings, nano-biofuncti",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of Engineering or Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences ( iBioMed) program or permission of Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4O04",
      "title": "Sustainable Energy Systems",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Assessment of current and future energy systems, covering resources, extraction, conversion with emphasis on meeting regional and global energy needs in a sustainable manner.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2W04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the department"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 3ES3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4P03",
      "title": "Composite Laboratory II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Laboratory exercises in vibration analysis, machine structures, controls, heat transfer, gas dynamics, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2Q04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2QA4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2CD4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3M03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3MA2"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3MB2"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV of Mechanical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level V of Mechanical & Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechanical & Society"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4Q03",
      "title": "Mechanical Vibrations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Transient and steady state vibration of single- and multi-degree of freedom systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2Q04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2QA4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2CD4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechatronics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Engineering Physics program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4R03",
      "title": "Control Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fundamentals of linear, continuous control systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III Mechanical Engineering; or Level IV Mechanical Engineering and Management or Mechanical Engineering and Society; or Level IV or above in any Engineering Physics program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ELECENG 3TP3",
        "ELECENG 3TP4",
        "IBEHS 4A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4S03",
      "title": "Incompressible Flow",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to internal and external laminar and turbulent incompressible flows.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4SS3",
      "title": "Smart Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will teach the fundamentals of smart systems which incorporate elements of sensing, actuation, and control in order to interact with the environment and make decisions in a predictive and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4T03",
      "title": "Finite Element Applications",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theory of the finite element method, element derivation, solution procedures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4U03",
      "title": "Compressible Flow and Turbomachinery",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Compressible flows: Fanno and Rayleigh flows, normal and oblique shocks.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2W04"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3D04"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4V03",
      "title": "Thermo-Fluids Systems Design and Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Design, operation and application characteristics of equipment commonly used in thermal systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 2W04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 3R03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4W03",
      "title": "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Re-examination of laws of thermodynamics, multicomponent vapour systems, psychrometry, air conditioning, mechanical vapour compression refrigeration, absorption refrigeration, heating and cooling load",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHENG 2W04"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2NE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program or Engineering Physics program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4X04",
      "title": "Independent Research Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Individual research project over two terms to be arranged by mutual consent of a faculty supervisor and the student with approval of the Department Associate Chair (Undergraduate).",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "A minimum GPA of 8.0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "consent of a supervisor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "IBEHS 4H03",
        "ELECENG 4OJ4",
        "ENGPHYS 4H04",
        "MECHENG 4XA3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4XA3",
      "title": "Independent Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Individual research project for a single term to be arranged by mutual consent of a faculty supervisor and the student with approval of the Department Associate Chair (Undergraduate).",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "A minimum GPA of 8.0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "consent of a supervisor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3I06",
        "IBEHS 4H03",
        "ELECENG 4OJ4",
        "ENGPHYS 4H04",
        "MECHENG 4X04"
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    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4Y03",
      "title": "Internal Combustion Engines",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on internal combustion engines (ICE), including operations, thermodynamics, combustion, and characteristics of gasoline and diesel engines, as well as hybrid powertrains.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering program or Engineering Physics program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHENG 4Z03",
      "title": "CAD/CAM/CAE",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Solid modelling theory, part creation, assemblies and rigid bodies, mechanism simulation, B-Splines, data exchange, CNC machining and inspection.",
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        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of any Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 2MD3",
      "title": "Data Structures and Algorithms for Mechatronics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced programming with emphasis on embedded systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MP3"
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          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2MP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPENG 2SI3",
        "COMPENG 2SI4",
        "COMPSCI 2C03",
        "SFWRENG 2C03",
        "SFWRENG 2MD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 2MP3",
      "title": "Programming for Mechatronics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on learning programming using the high-level systems programming language C, and on understanding how its features are implemented using the CPU and the memory hierarchy.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGINEER 1D04"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGINEER 1P13"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 1P10"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering program"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPENG 2SH4",
        "COMPSCI 2S03",
        "SFWRENG 2MP3",
        "SFWRENG 2S03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 2TA4",
      "title": "Embedded Systems Design I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Interfacing to digital and analog systems, sensors and actuators.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2E04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2DA4"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MP3"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 2MP3"
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          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2S03"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 2GA3"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a Mechatronics program"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MECHTRON 3TA4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 3DX4",
      "title": "Dynamic Models and Control of Physical Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Modeling of dynamic continuous physical phenomena in both continuous and discrete time.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHTRON 3MX3"
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          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 3MX3"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering program"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ELECENG 3CL4",
        "ENGINEER 3L03",
        "IBEHS 4A03",
        "MECHENG 4R03",
        "SFWRENG 3DX3",
        "SFWRENG 3DX4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 3K04",
      "title": "Software Development",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Software design process.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPENG 2SI3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPENG 2SI4"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENG 2SI4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MD3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 2MD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering or Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMPSCI 2ME3",
        "SFWRENG 2AA4",
        "SFWRENG 3K04",
        "SFWRENG 3MD3",
        "SFWRENG 3MD4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 3MX3",
      "title": "Signals and Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Linear systems, signals, filters; time and frequency domains; single input-single output systems; discrete and continuous time; sampling theorem; Fourier series; Fourier, Laplace, and Z-transforms; st",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ELECENG 3TP3",
        "IBEHS 3A03",
        "SFWRENG 3MX3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 3TB4",
      "title": "Embedded Systems Design II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Models of embedded hardware (Register-transfer level abstraction, synchronous circuits, etc.).",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHTRON 2TA4"
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          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHTRON 3TA4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRENG 2DA4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 3X03",
      "title": "Scientific Computation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Computer arithmetic and roundoff error analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZC3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHTRON 2MD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 2MD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CHEMENG 2E04",
        "CIVENG 2E03",
        "COMPENG 3SK3",
        "COMPENG 3SK4",
        "COMPSCI 4X03",
        "ENGPHYS 2CE4",
        "ENGPHYS 3NM4",
        "MATH 3NA3",
        "MATH 4NA3",
        "MECHENG 3F04",
        "SFWRENG 3X03",
        "SFWRENG 4X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 4AA4",
      "title": "Real-Time Systems and Control Applications",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Hard and soft real-time systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRENG 3BB4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SFWRENG 3SH3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SFWRENG 3DX4"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MECHTRON 3DX4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Mechatronics Engineering program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRENG 4A03",
        "SFWRENG 4AA3",
        "SFWRENG 4AA4",
        "SFWRENG 4GA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 4AX3",
      "title": "Predictive and Intelligent Control",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces several concepts used in systems engineering, predictive control and artificial intelligence.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHTRON 3DX4"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRENG 3DX4"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 4RP3",
      "title": "Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A research-oriented project under the direct supervision of a faculty member to foster initiative and independent creativity while working on an advanced topic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Departmental permission"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV. Interested students need to work out a proposal with a faculty member of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBEHS 3H03",
        "IBEHS 3H06",
        "MECHENG 4X04",
        "ELECENG 4OJ4",
        "COMPSCI 4Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MECHTRON 4TB6",
      "title": "Mechatronics Capstone Design Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Student teams prepare the requirements, design, documentation and implementation of a Mechatronics System taking economic, health, safety, cultural, legal and marketing factors into account.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in final level of a Mechatronics Engineering program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 1A03",
      "title": "Media Arts",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to media arts and its cultural context, including art, design, and digital media.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 1A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 2B06",
      "title": "Time-Based Media",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of time-based media through video and animation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 2B03",
        "MMEDIA 2B06",
        "MMEDIA 2H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 2DF3",
      "title": "Design Fundamentals",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will utilize analog and digital tools to complete exercises that develop essential visual design skills (color theory, composition, layout, typography, illustration, image editing and processing).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDIAART 2A06",
        "MMEDIA 2A06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 2G03",
      "title": "Digital Audio",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to techniques in audio recording, transformation, and delivery for diverse cultural and technical contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 2G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3AN3",
      "title": "Animation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This class is an introduction to the history, types and basic principles of animation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3AN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3B03",
      "title": "Digital Cultures",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores current contests over access to the production, distribution, and consumption of digital culture across a range of technologies and practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia, Media Arts or Communication Studies program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3BB3",
      "title": "New Media Art Practices",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers a critical perspective on theories and practices of contemporary media art through screenings, production-based projects and field trip engagement with new media work.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia, Media Arts or Communication Studies program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 3BA3",
        "MMEDIA 2PA3",
        "MMEDIA 3BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3C03",
      "title": "Interactive and Spatial Audio",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the creation and delivery of interactive and spatial audio.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "or"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "if previously taken"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ART 2Z03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "THTRFLM 2Z03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3C03",
        "MUSIC 3Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3D03",
      "title": "Interface, Code, Data",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A hands-on exploration of the role of interfaces, code, and data in Media Arts practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia, Media Arts or Communication Studies program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDIAART 2A06",
        "MMEDIA 2A06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3DS3",
      "title": "Documentary Strategies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Studio course exploring theory and practice of documentary across numerous media (photo, video, sound).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3EE3",
      "title": "Graphic Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students learn and practice the fundamentals of 2D design, focusing on how simple, yet intentional visual manipulation, through digital and analogue methods, communicate meaning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 2E03",
        "MMEDIA 3EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3EW3",
      "title": "Environmental and Wildlife Photography",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course studies the creation of wildlife & environmental photography.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3I03",
      "title": "Narrative Strategies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will consider how meaning is structured and perceived through narrative approaches to time-based media such as video and animation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3I03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3K03",
      "title": "Game Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the form, content, and playing of digital games.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program, a program in Communication Studies, or the Software Engineering ( Game Design) program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3K03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3L03",
      "title": "Game Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will design and develop digital games, with a game engine, informed by readings and discussion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia, Media Arts, or Communication Studies program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3MU3",
      "title": "Musics, Technologies and Audio Cultures",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "What effects have broadcasting, mechanical and digital reproduction technologies had upon our experience of music? What are the differences between live performances, broadcasting and audio objects? T",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGLISH 1CS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACJUST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IARTS 1PB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 3MU3",
        "MMEDIA 3MU3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3PC3",
      "title": "Photographic Collage and Composite Images",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Studio course exploring theory and practice of collage and composite image-making (both analog and digital).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a Multimedia"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Media Arts program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ART 2DP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2DP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in a Studio Art"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "iArts program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3PC3",
        "MMEDIA 3PC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3S03",
      "title": "Sound and Image",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of contemporary research and creative practices that explore combined audiovisual perception and digital translations between sound and image.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 3S03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3VA3",
      "title": "Video Art and Digital Cinema",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Explores intersections between contemporary art and the moving image, with an emphasis on current movements in Digital Cinema and Video Art.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a Multimedia"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Media Arts program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ART 2DP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IARTS 2DP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in an iArts program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 3VA3",
        "MMEDIA 3VA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 3Z03",
      "title": "Production and Critique",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course takes up various theories & practices of critique to support students in the evolution of their independent media arts studio practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDIAART 3X03",
        "MMEDIA 3X03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 4F03",
      "title": "Topics in Media Arts Production",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced media arts production projects exploring assigned themes or media formats.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a Multimedia or Media Arts program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 4F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDIAART 4ST6",
      "title": "Senior Thesis Research and Production",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will complete media arts thesis projects under faculty supervision.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level IV of a Multimedia"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Media Arts program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MEDIAART 3Z03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDIAART 3X03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MMEDIA 3X03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MMEDIA 4ST6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1A03",
      "title": "Orientation to Medical Laboratory Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will provide students with an orientation to the standard operating equipment of the medical laboratory technology profession.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Ontario L8S 4L8. ( 905 ) 525-9140 © 2026 McMaster University"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Anatomy and Medical Terminology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course is designed to introduce MLS diploma students to anatomy, physiology, pathology and medical terminology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the MLS diploma program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1C03",
      "title": "Clinical Chemistry and Urinalysis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the theoretical and practical aspects of Clinical Chemistry as related to the analysis of body fluids.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1H03",
      "title": "Introduction to Hematology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This is an introductory course in hematology instrumentation and anemias.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1M03",
      "title": "Introduction to Microbiology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will help students understand the science of microbiology and how it relates to human disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the MLS diploma program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1P03",
      "title": "Human Histology and Histotechnology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course will introduce students to histology and histopathology and help them to understand the workings of a clinical histotechnology laboratory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1PS3",
      "title": "Histotechnology Clinical Simulation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course further instructs the student in the theoretical and practical aspects of histotechnology, concentrating on the use of various stains used for pathological diagnosis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1S03",
      "title": "Specimen Collection",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides an orientation to the role and responsibilities of the Medical Laboratory Technologist in the health care field and the processes for collecting, storing, and preparing patient samples for analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the MLS diploma program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1SP3",
      "title": "Pre-analytic Clinical Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course allows the student to develop technical competence in pre-analytical procedures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 1TM3",
      "title": "Introduction to Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course will provide students with a fundamental knowledge of transfusion from both the donor and patient perspective while introducing students to the Canadian blood banking system and providing t",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2A03",
      "title": "Lab Pathophysiology, MLS consolidation and review",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course presents and revisits general concepts of key disease processes covered during the first half of the MLS program and expands upon their impact on health from a clinical laboratory perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the MLS diploma program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2CP3",
      "title": "Clinical Chemistry Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course requires students to apply their pre-requisite knowledge and skills in a hospital laboratory setting.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 2CS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2CS3",
      "title": "Clinical Chemistry Simulation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course consists of a study of the theoretical and practical aspects of the analysis of body fluids.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2HP3",
      "title": "Hematology Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This is a comprehensive course in Hematology encompassing the fundamentals and application of information acquired to date in this discipline.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 2HS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2HS3",
      "title": "Hematology Simulation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on the leukocytic series and hemostasis and provides an overview of the most frequently encountered myeloproliferative disorders.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2M03",
      "title": "Introduction to Bacteriology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Through expert lectures and case-based learning, students in this course will explore the bacteria in our environments and bodies, how they impact health and cause disease, and the challenges faced in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2MP3",
      "title": "Microbiology Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In this course, students continue building knowledge and skills of microbiology techniques exploring some of the organisms and specimens less frequently isolated in the laboratory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 2MS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2MS3",
      "title": "Clinical Microbiology Simulation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course involves laboratory isolation, identification and reporting of microorganisms from clinical specimens originating from a range of body sites.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2PP3",
      "title": "Histotechnology Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students who successfully complete this course will perform processing, embedding, decalcification, section cutting biological staining and cover slipping working independently and as part of the laboratory team.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1PS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2PS3",
      "title": "Molecular Diagnostics Simulation Lab",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This clinical simulation course explores the emerging field of molecular diagnostics through a molecular biology lens.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2TP3",
      "title": "Transfusion Medicine Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides experience in analyzing and interpreting laboratory results, employing safe practices in clinical laboratories, communicating and collaborating with the clinical programs which in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 2TS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDLABSC 2TS3",
      "title": "Transfusion Medicine Simulation lab",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The course will introduce students to a simulated clinical experience in a Transfusion Science laboratory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDLABSC 1TM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the MLS diploma program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 1A03",
      "title": "Physics in Medicine and Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of how physics can be used to understand biological systems and in medicine to diagnose and treat disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Physics U"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PHYSICS 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 1ZA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 3C03",
      "title": "Operational Health Physics: Laboratory & Communication",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Six practical Health Physics operational exercises are undertaken.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Medical and Biological Physics ( B.Sc.) program; or permission of the instructor May be offered in alternate years"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4B03",
      "title": "Radioactivity and Radiation in Medical Physics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Study of the radioactivity and radiation physics that underlies modern clinical medical physics by following the progress of an imaginary patient from their initial diagnosis through treatment for cancer.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDPHYS 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOPHYS 1S03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4D03",
      "title": "Imaging in Medicine and Biology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A theoretical and practical treatment of the math and physics underlying imaging techniques in medicine and biology, such as clinical imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imagi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4F03",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Health Physics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduces students to the fundamentals of occupational and environmental health physics encountered in the nuclear power, medical and research fields.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV or above of a program in the Faculties of Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Health Sciences"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDPHYS 4B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3L04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4I03",
      "title": "Introduction to Biophotonics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the basic principles of light interaction with biological systems and specific biomedical applications of photonics such as optical light microscopy, endoscopic imaging, spectroscop",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above in the Faculties of Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Health Sciences"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 4I03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4RA3",
      "title": "Radiation and Radioisotope Methodology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to radiation detection and radioisotope production with emphasis on principles of gas filled radiation detectors, scintillation detectors and gamma-ray spectrometry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3L04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDPHYS 4B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDPHYS 4R06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4T03",
      "title": "Clinical Applications of Physics in Medicine",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Basic physical concepts underlying medical imaging, nuclear medicine, physiological measurement, radiation therapy and biomedical laser applications with an overview of their technical implementation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2ZZ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2C03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3L04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDPHYS 4B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDPHYS 4U03",
      "title": "Radiation Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The effects of radiation on biological material at the molecular, cellular, tissue and whole organism level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Medical and Biological Physics"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 1B03",
      "title": "Introduction to Pathology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Processes of disease and trauma, from damage and repair processes at the cellular level to tissues and systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "KINESIOL 1Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Medical Radiation Sciences ( Level I )"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 1C03",
      "title": "Introduction to Physics for Medical Radiation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the physics underlying some of the medical imaging techniques used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Medical Radiation Sciences ( Level I)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDPHYS 1E03",
        "LIFESCI 1D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 1E03",
      "title": "Inquiry in Medical Radiation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the process of Inquiry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Medical Radiation Sciences ( Level I)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 1F03",
      "title": "Professions in Medical Radiation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The professions and subspecialties within medical radiation sciences are introduced, including legislative and regulatory frameworks, the Canadian health care system, professionalism and reflective practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Honours Medical Radiation Sciences I"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2A03",
      "title": "Patient Care",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theoretical foundation and skills development to enable the student to meet the physical and emotional needs of patients in the clinical setting while utilizing self-care concepts and safe practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2U03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of a Medical Radiation Sciences specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2AA3",
      "title": "Imaging Procedures in Health Care",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the various imaging modalities and procedures involved in a patient’s diagnostic work-up and treatment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level ll Medical Radiation Sciences Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2D03",
      "title": "Relational Anatomy I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines spatial relationships of anatomical structures (appendicular and axial skeleton, excepting skull, plus structures of the pelvic and thoracic cavities) using projection, sectional",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Radiography Specialization or Radiation Therapy Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2G03",
      "title": "Radiographic Skills I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours and fundamental radiographic techniques and basic radiography of the appendicular skeleton through image production using anatomical phantoms and performance of",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MEDRADSC 1F03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2D03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2Y03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Radiography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2H03",
      "title": "Radiographic Skills II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours and fundamental radiographic techniques and basic radiography of the axial skeleton, chest and abdomen through image production using anatomical phantoms and per",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2I03",
      "title": "Pathology and Procedures I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Radiological procedures and associated pathologies of the skeletal, digestive, and respiratory systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Radiography Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2J15",
      "title": "Radiography Clinical Practicum I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Thirteen-week radiography clinical placement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2RA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Radiography Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2K03",
      "title": "Applied Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive applied examination of sound wave principles, sound and tissue interaction, pulsed wave ultrasound, transducers, instrumentation, Doppler ultrasound, and diagnostic imaging ultrasound artifacts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2L03",
      "title": "Abdominal Ultrasonography I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will describe relational anatomy, sonographic technique/appearances of normal major abdominal organs and vasculature; discuss general pathology, sonographic correlation, clinical presentation",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2M03",
      "title": "Obstetrical and Gynecologic Ultrasonography I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive study of the anatomy, physiology of the normal female pelvis including pregnancy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2N03",
      "title": "Sonographic Skills I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours, patient care, communication skills (verbal and non-verbal), ergonomics, image recognition, image critique and performance of sonography of the abdominal vascula",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2K03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2O03",
      "title": "Abdominal Ultrasonography II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive study of pathology and sonographic correlation, clinical presentation and diagnostic tests of hepatic, biliary, pancreatic, urinary tract; relational anatomy, sonographic technique/app",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2P03",
      "title": "Obstetrical and Gynecological Ultrasonography II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive study of gynecological pathologies and normal and abnormal sonographic appearances of the female pelvis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2Q03",
      "title": "Sonographic Skills II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours, patient care, communication skills (verbal and non-verbal), ergonomics, image recognition, image critique and performance of sonography of the pancreas, urinary",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2R15",
      "title": "Ultrasonography Clinical Practicum I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Thirteen-week sonography clinical placement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Ultrasonography Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2RA3",
      "title": "Relational Anatomy II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the spatial relationships of anatomical structures (contents of cranium, neck and abdominal cavity) using projection, sectional and volume-rendered images.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II of the Radiography"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2S03",
      "title": "Clinical Oncology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the oncologic concepts that characterize all malignancies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2T03",
      "title": "Clinical Oncology II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on MEDRADSC 2S03 (Clinical Oncology I) through continued in-depth study of prevalent malignancies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2U03",
      "title": "Radiation Therapy Skills I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours, patient care, communication skills (verbal and non-verbal), and basic radiation therapy treatment techniques are taught and evaluated through simulated labs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2V15",
      "title": "Radiation Therapy Clinical Practicum I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Thirteen week Radiation Therapy clinical placement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2RA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2T03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2W03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of the Radiation Therapy Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2W03",
      "title": "Physics and Instrumentation for Radiation Therapy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Photon interactions, X-ray production, measurement of radiation, linear accelerator calibration and dose calculation in simple geometries.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2X03",
      "title": "Radiobiology and Protection",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Radiation effects on cells, tissues and organs and bodies are covered with emphasis on clinical radiation hazards.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2U03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II of the Radiography"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2Y03",
      "title": "Radiographic Imaging and Instrumentation I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Production of x-rays, interactions with matter, image production, display and quality; control of beam quality /quantity related to image quality and dose optimization are covered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of the Honours Medical Radiation Sciences - Radiography Specialization ( B.M.R.Sc.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 2ZZ0",
      "title": "Pre-Clinical Professional Skills Reassessment I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Practice and reassessment of skills performance prior to Clinical Practicum 1.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3AA3",
      "title": "Interdisciplinary Health Care",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students will collaborate with other health care professions students to develop interdisciplinary care plans for complex patient case scenarios.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSCI 2J15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSCI 2R15"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MEDRADSCI 2V15"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III of a Medical Radiation Sciences specialization Not open to students with credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3C03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3B03",
      "title": "Quality Management in Medical Radiation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of various quality management methodologies in health care facilities, external accreditation processes and legislation associated with quality in Medical Radiation Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2J15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2V15"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III of a Medical Radiation Sciences specialization"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3DA3",
      "title": "Advanced Studies in Computed Tomography",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of clinical use of CT in diagnosis, including clinical indications, pathophysiology, imaging appearances, imaging protocols and post-processing tools, and simulated use of CT including radiati",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3K03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiography"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3DE3",
      "title": "Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Of magnetic resonance imaging, including instrumentation, image production, selection and control of magnetic fields, pulse sequences, safety and clinical application.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of a Medical Radiation Sciences Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3DJ3",
      "title": "Pediatric Sonography",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers a comprehensive overview of pediatric normal and abnormal anatomy including the vascular system, spinal and intracranial structures along with scanning protocols.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3G03",
      "title": "Radiographic Imaging and Instrumentation II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The main operations of radiographic and fluorographic equipment, from underlying physical principles to clinical application.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2J15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3H03",
      "title": "Quality Control in Radiography",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students perform quality control testing procedures on digital radiographic equipment, comparing equipment performance to legislated standards and best practices concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3J03",
      "title": "Pathology and Procedures II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Radiological procedures and image appearances of associated pathologies of the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, urinary, and reproductive systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2J15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3K03",
      "title": "Computed Tomography",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Processes of data acquisition, image reconstruction and post-processing are discussed.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2RA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiation Therapy"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Radiography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3L03",
      "title": "Radiographic Skills III",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours and radiography of cranio-facial structures and development of case management and adaptation skills in modifying standard radiographic procedures to the special needs patient.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2J15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3LA3",
      "title": "Radiation Therapy Skills II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours, patient care, communication skills and radiation therapy techniques, with a focus on the management of side-effects associated with radiation therapy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2V15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDRADSC 3W03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3LB3",
      "title": "Radiation Therapy Skills III",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours, patient care, communication skills and radiation therapy techniques associated with the management of complex patient case scenarios.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3LA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3BB3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3M03",
      "title": "Abdominal Ultrasonography III",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides a comprehensive overview of the relational anatomy, normal, anomalous and pathological sonographic appearances of the following: adrenal glands, abdomino-pelvic and thoracic cavit",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2O03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3N03",
      "title": "Vascular Ultrasonography",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive study of vascular anatomy, physiology, hemodynamics, sonographic interpretation of normal and pathologic conditions in the assessment of the vasculature of the head, neck, abdomen and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3O03",
      "title": "Sonographic Skills III",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Emphasis is on professional behaviours, patient care, communication skills (verbal and non-verbal), ergonomics, image recognition, image critique and performance of the extracranial arteries, abdomina",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3P03",
      "title": "Obstetrical and Gynecologic Ultrasonography III",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A comprehensive study of abnormal sonographic appearances in obstetrics including the fetal environment, biometry, fetal abnormalities and syndromes, along with Doppler studies of the gravid patient.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3Q03",
      "title": "Applied Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Recent and emerging technological advances in ultrasound instrumentation/imaging such as advanced signal processing, elastography, contrast ultrasound imaging and 3D/4D imaging.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3R03",
      "title": "Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course correlates study of anatomy and biomechanics of the upper and lower extremity with normal and pathologic sonographic appearances, while investigating musculoskeletal ultrasound using stand",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Ultrasonography Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3S03",
      "title": "Treatment Planning I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students gain the knowledge and skills required to independently plan and calculate radiation therapy treatments for a variety of sites under variable conditions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2V15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3V03",
      "title": "Treatment Planning II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course further develops problem-solving skills related to dosimetry.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Radiation Therapy Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3X03",
      "title": "Research Methods in Medical Radiation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Prepares students for applied clinical research in Medical Radiation Sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III of a Medical Radiation Sciences specialization"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above a Life Sciences program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3Y03",
      "title": "Ethics for Medical Radiation Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of the major areas of clinical biomedical ethics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III of a Medical Radiation Sciences specialization; or Level III or above of an Honours Medical & Biological Physics program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3Z06",
      "title": "Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students conduct an individual research project under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Permission of the Department Not open to students with credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 3ZZ0",
      "title": "Clinical Skill Development for Professionals",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Practice and reassessment of skill performance by professional medical radiation technologists.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4A15",
      "title": "Radiography Clinical Practicum II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Sixteen-week placement in a Diagnostic Imaging department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Radiography Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4B15",
      "title": "Radiography Clinical Practicum III",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Sixteen-week placement in a Diagnostic Imaging department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 4A15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Radiography Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4C15",
      "title": "Ultrasonography Clinical Practicum II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Sixteen-week placement in the Sonography department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 2R15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3O03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Ultrasonography Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4D15",
      "title": "Ultrasonography Clinical Practicum III",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Sixteen-week placement in the Sonography department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 4C15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Ultrasonography Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4E15",
      "title": "Radiation Therapy Clinical Practicum II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Sixteen-week placement in a Radiation Therapy department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3LB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3BB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 3V03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Radiation Therapy Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4F15",
      "title": "Radiation Therapy Clinical Practicum III",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Sixteen-week placement in a Radiation Therapy department.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDRADSC 4E15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Radiation Therapy Specialization See"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MEDRADSC 4ZZ0",
      "title": "Pre-Clinical Professional Skills Reassessment II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Practice and reassessment of skills performance by professional medical radiation technologists prior to Clinical Practicum 2 or 3.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1M00",
      "title": "Mentorship Lab 1",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Compulsory weekly mentorship meetings aimed at promoting cultural awareness.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1MM0",
      "title": "Mentorship Lab 2",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Compulsory weekly mentorship meetings aimed at promoting cultural awareness.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1Q03",
      "title": "Critical and Analytic Reading",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students develop their critical reading and reasoning skills by engaging, summarizing, analyzing, and reflecting on texts representing a variety of academic disciplines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1QQ3",
      "title": "Grammar, Structure and University Writing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on using appropriate language (grammar, vocabulary, style), structure, and source attribution for writing in common post-secondary genres, while developing the critical thinking sk",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1R03",
      "title": "Aural Communication and Academic Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This is an intensive course that focuses on the listening and note-taking strategies needed for aural and oral success in university, that also introduces students to problem-based learning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1RR3",
      "title": "Oral Communication for Academic and Social Interactions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students are introduced to the fundamentals of oral communication, including listening, for communicating successfully in university contexts, through inquiry-based learning activities and discussions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1S03",
      "title": "Critical Reading, Research and Academic Vocabulary",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course further develops students’ analytical reading and critical thinking skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1SS3",
      "title": "Academic Writing, Reporting and Research",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on the development of research, reading, and composition skills to craft an academic report.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1T03",
      "title": "Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Language and Language Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students will explore the relationships between language, culture and society and how those relationships affect English language learning and communication in English.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the McMaster English Language Development Diploma ( MELD) program Contract All Courses |"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MELD 1TT3",
      "title": "Oral Communication for Academic Discourse",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course students will learn to apply effective oral communication strategies to a variety of higher education contexts, including case-study presentations and formal discussions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Ontario L8S 4L8. ( 905 ) 525-9140 © 2026 McMaster University"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 1AA3",
      "title": "Indigenous Childbearing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces the realities and experiences of Indigenous Peoples of all genders and sexualities so that learners may better appreciate Indigenous Peoples ways of knowing, being, and living w",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education Program or instructor permission"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 1D03",
      "title": "Midwifery The Profession I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Seminar presentations, discussion and arranged experiences to introduce students to the history, philosophy of care, and role of the midwife in Canada and elsewhere.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 1F03",
      "title": "Introduction to Research Methods and Critical Appraisal",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to the principles of clinical research and statistical inference, with particular emphasis on critical assessment of research evidence (both qualitative and quantitative) as presented in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Midwifery Education Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 1G03",
      "title": "Midwifery The Profession II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Seminar presentations, discussions, and laboratory practice to introduce students to communication theory and strategies, equity, diversity and inclusion in the provision of midwifery care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Midwifery Education Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MIDWIF 2G06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 2F03",
      "title": "Pharmacotherapy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an overview of basic concepts in pharmacy, pharmacology and therapeutics relevant to the practice of midwifery in Ontario.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1DD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1J03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 2G06",
      "title": "Clinical Skills for Midwifery Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Lecture, demonstration and laboratory practice of fundamental skills for midwifery practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MIDWIF 1D03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 2M15",
      "title": "Fundamentals in Midwifery 1",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "First clinical placement under the supervision of a registered midwife (12 weeks): students focus on introductory skills for care during the antepartum and postpartum periods.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 2G06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MIDWIF 2H15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3A15",
      "title": "Fundamentals in Midwifery 2",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Second clinical placement under the supervision of a registered midwife (12 weeks): students focus on introductory skills for care during physiological birth and immediate postpartum period.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 2G06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MIDWIF 2H15"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3C09",
      "title": "Fundamentals in Midwifery 3",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will be placed in clinical settings and supervised by physicians, nurses, social workers and other health and social service providers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 2M15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 3A15"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MIDWIF 3A09",
        "MIDWIF 3K06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3F03",
      "title": "Midwifery Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course addresses the theoretical basis for inter-professional collaboration and explores related professional issues such as global midwifery, ethics and risk management.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 2M15"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 3A15"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3H15",
      "title": "Complex Care I",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "First senior placement in a midwifery practice: students extend skills to more complex childbearing situations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 3F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 3C09"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 3L01"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MIDWIF 3M02"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3L01",
      "title": "Advanced Clinical Skills I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A one-week intensive course using workshop format to focus on emergency interventions, evidence-based management of prenatal and intrapartum situations and communication.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MIDWIF 2M15"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3M01",
      "title": "Elective Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This four week clinical placement course provides visiting students with the opportunity to participate in an elective placement in a midwifery practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 3M02",
      "title": "Advanced Clinical Skills II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Short one-week intensive course.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MIDWIF 2M15"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 4A15",
      "title": "Complex Care II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fourth placement in a midwifery practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MIDWIF 3H15"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MIDWIF 4B15",
      "title": "Midwifery Clerkship",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Final placement in a midwifery practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MIDWIF 4A15"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOHAWK 1Z03",
      "title": "Introduction to Mohawk Language and Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course will study the Mohawk language, in its spoken and written forms, in the context of Iroquoian cultural traditions, values, beliefs and customs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOHAWK 2Z03",
      "title": "Intermediate Mohawk",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course expands on the vocabulary and the oral skills for the Mohawk language.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MOHAWK 1Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 2C03",
      "title": "Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Structure, function and transmission of genes; chromosomal basis of inheritance; mono- and dihybrid crosses; sequential steps in gene function; linkage maps; sex chromosome inheritance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A01"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Honours Molecular Biology"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Genetics"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Honours Arts and Science and Molecular Biology and Genetics"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3B03",
      "title": "Advanced Cell Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The molecular organisation and function of eukaryotic cells are examined, with a focus on information transfer from the cell surface and from the nucleus.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 3M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3D03",
      "title": "Experimental Approaches in Cell Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Intensive laboratory based inquiry course focused on cell biological research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOSAFE 1BS0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1BS0"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3I03",
      "title": "Independent Research Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will conduct an independent research study in a faculty member’s laboratory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics Core"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Specialization"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Honours Molecular Biology"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2L03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 3IR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3II3",
      "title": "Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Study of the eukaryotic genome and control mechanisms of gene expression; the emphasis will be on transcriptional control, RNA surveillance and the study of epigenetic mechanisms in several model syst",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3O03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3M03",
      "title": "Fundamental Concepts of Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Recent advances using genetic and molecular approaches will be discussed in the context of classical experiments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 3DB3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3O03",
      "title": "Microbial Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Molecular genetics of bacteria and bacteriophage.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3V03",
      "title": "Techniques in Molecular Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A laboratory course providing hands-on experience in experimental design and molecular biology and molecular genetic techniques.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3O03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program in Biology"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Molecular Biology and Genetics. If not already completed"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOSAFE 1BS0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 1BS0"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 3VV3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 3Y03",
      "title": "Plant Responses to the Environment",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "How plants respond at the genetic, molecular, biochemical and phenotypic levels to environmental stress.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2D03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4BB3",
      "title": "Plant Metabolism and Molecular Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Formerly BIOLOGY 4B03 Analysis of plant cell metabolism and the regulation of metabolism at the biochemical and molecular genetic level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "one",
                    "clauses": [
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
                      },
                      {
                        "kind": "course",
                        "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3B03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3Y03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4CT3",
      "title": "Current Topics in Molecular Biology and Genetics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A review of current literature in molecular biology and genetics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any Honours Biology or Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4MH3",
        "MOLBIOL 3A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4DD3",
      "title": "Molecular Evolution",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The study of how molecules change over time within and between species.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3S03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOCHEM 4Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4ED3",
      "title": "Evolutionary Developmental Biology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A critical analysis of the conceptual and methodological approaches to Evolutionary Developmental biology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4ED3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4G12",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A thesis based upon a research project in an area of molecular biology and genetics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Molecular Biology and Genetics program; and permission of the Course Administrator. Not open to students with credit or registration in any Level IV department- or program-based thesis or independent study/project course"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4H03",
      "title": "Molecular Biology of Cancer",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Cancer at the cellular and molecular level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4K03",
      "title": "Research Advances in Biology of Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A critical analysis of the biology of aging in model organisms and age-related human disorders.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4P03",
      "title": "Medical Microbiology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Infectious diseases: identification, epidemiology and treatment.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2EE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program. Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MOLBIOL 3O03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MOLBIOL 4RR3",
      "title": "Human Genetics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topics include genetic disorders, advanced recombinant DNA technologies, the human genome, physical and genetic mapping of Mendelian characters, linkage, transgenic animals and gene therapy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MOLBIOL 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1A03",
      "title": "Introduction to the History Western of Music I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to the History Western of Music II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1CR3",
      "title": "Foundations of Music I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1DA3",
      "title": "Practical Musicianship I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "MUSIC 2A03",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1E06",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Intensive study of the technique and repertoire of any solo instrument or voice adhering to a particular style (such as Western classical, Broadway, jazz or pop), or individual instruction in composition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Humanities I or any Music program; and permission of the School of the Arts. Students must have a successful audition at approximately Grade 6 RCM level or equivalent ( for solo performance), or a portfolio of written compositions ( for composition) . Prior to July 1, interested students must either contact the School of the Arts to arrange an audition ( for solo performance study), or to submit their portfolio ( for composition)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1EE6",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Intensive study of the technique and repertoire of any solo instrument or voice adhering to a particular style (such as Western classical, Broadway, jazz or pop), or individual instruction in composition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Successful audition at approximately Grade 6 RCM level ( for solo performance ) or equivalent"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a portfolio of written compositions ( for composition ) ; and permission of the School of the Arts. This course is intended for students who are not in a Music program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1E06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1GB3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Concert Band",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1GC3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster University Choir",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1GP3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Percussion Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1GR3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Symphony Orchestra",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1GW3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Vocal Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1HB0",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Concert Band",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1HC0",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster University Choir",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1HP0",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Percussion Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Contract All Courses |",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1HR0",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Symphony Orchestra",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 1HW0",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Vocal Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Successful audition required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2CR3",
      "title": "Foundations of Music II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2CU3",
      "title": "Music and Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2DW3",
      "title": "Music Creation in Digital Audio Workstations I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2E06",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 1E06 A/B on the same instrument vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1E06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II of any program in Music"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2EE6",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 1EE6 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MUSIC 1EE6"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 2E06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2F03",
      "title": "Music for Film and Television",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2GB3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Concert Band",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2GC3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster University Choir",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GW3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2GP3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Percussion Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2GR3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Symphony Orchestra",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2GW3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Vocal Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GW3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GC3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2II3",
      "title": "Popular Music in North America and the United Kingdom: Post-World War II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2IM3",
      "title": "Introduction to Music Composition",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2MA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Musical Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2MC3",
      "title": "Psychology of Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2MT3",
      "title": "Introduction to the Practice of Music Therapy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2MU3",
      "title": "Introduction to Music Therapy Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2SI3",
      "title": "Singing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction to singing; not intended for those with prior vocal training.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above of any program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MUSIC 1E06"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1EE6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GJ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GR3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 3N03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2TT3",
      "title": "Broadway and the Popular Song",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 2WW3",
      "title": "Woodwinds",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction to the playing of woodwind instruments; not intended for woodwind specialists.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above of any program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MUSIC 1E06"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1EE6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GJ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GW3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3AM3",
      "title": "Music and the Arts",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3DW3",
      "title": "Music Creation in Digital Audio Workstations II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3E03",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 2E06 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 2E06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a program in Music"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 3E06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3E06",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 2E06 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 2E06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a program in Music"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 3E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3EE3",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 2EE6 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MUSIC 2EE6"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 3E03",
        "MUSIC 3EE6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3EE6",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 2EE6 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MUSIC 2EE6"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 3EE3",
        "MUSIC 3E03",
        "MUSIC 3E06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3GB3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Concert Band",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 2GB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3GC3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster University Choir",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2GC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2GW3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3GP3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Percussion Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 2GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3GR3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Symphony Orchestra",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 2GR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3GW3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Vocal Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2GW3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2GC3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3J03",
      "title": "Orchestration and Arranging",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3K03",
      "title": "Brass Methods",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Basic techniques of playing brass instruments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of any program. Students will be expected to read music. Non-music students will be required to bring their own instruments. Offered on rotational basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3O03",
      "title": "Conducting",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3P03",
      "title": "Percussion Methods",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Basic techniques of playing percussion instruments.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above of any program"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MUSIC 1E06"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1EE6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GJ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 1GR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 1GW3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the program. Offered on rotational basis"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3PM3",
      "title": "Music and Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3SI3",
      "title": "Vocal Pedagogy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introductory study of vocal methods for teaching, intended for vocal specialists.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above and permission of the program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3SS3",
      "title": "Special Studies in Small Ensemble Performance I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced supervised studies in small ensemble performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 2E06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2EE6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the School of the Arts. Students requesting this course must submit a written proposal to the School of the Arts by July 1"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 3S03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3WW3",
      "title": "Woodwind Pedagogy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Review of woodwind technique and woodwind pedagogy; intended for woodwind specialists.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above and permission of the program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 3X03",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Supervised study in any area offered and approved by the School of the Arts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Music program and permission of the School of the Arts. Students requesting this course must submit a written proposal to the School of the Arts by July 1. Students interested in this course should discuss their proposal with a full-time Music faculty member well in advance of the deadline"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4C03",
      "title": "Advanced Studies in Harmony and Counterpoint",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Advanced harmonic and/or contrapuntal study focusing on a post-Baroque style or genre selected by the instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 2CB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the program Offered in alternate years"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4E03",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 3E03 or MUSIC 3E06 A/B on the same instrument vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 3E06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a program in Music"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 4E06",
        "MUSIC 4E09"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4E06",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 3E03 or MUSIC 3E06 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 3E06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Music Program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 4E03",
        "MUSIC 4E09"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4E09",
      "title": "Solo Performance, Diploma",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 3E06 A/B in solo performance on the same instrument, or vocal style.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 3E06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSIC 3EE6"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the School of the Arts"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 4E03",
        "MUSIC 4E06",
        "MUSIC 4EE6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4EE3",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 3EE3 or MUSIC 3EE6 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3EE6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 4E03",
        "MUSIC 4E09",
        "MUSIC 4EE6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4EE6",
      "title": "Applied Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 3EE3 or MUSIC 3EE6 A/B on the same instrument, vocal style or compositional study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3EE6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 4E06",
        "MUSIC 4E09",
        "MUSIC 4EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4EE9",
      "title": "Solo Performance, Diploma",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A continuation of MUSIC 3EE6 A/B in solo performance on the same instrument or vocal style.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3EE6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the School of the Arts"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 4E03",
        "MUSIC 4EE3",
        "MUSIC 4E06",
        "MUSIC 4EE6",
        "MUSIC 4E09"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4FG3",
      "title": "Composition for Film, Games and Media",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4GB3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Concert Band",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3GB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4GC3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster University Choir",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3GC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4GP3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Percussion Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3GP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4GR3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Symphony Orchestra",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3GR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4GW3",
      "title": "Ensemble Performance: McMaster Vocal Ensemble",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSIC 3GW3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "successful audition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4N03",
      "title": "Choral Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Choral rehearsal techniques and choral literature for K-12 and community choirs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above of any program. Students are expected to be able to read music. Offered on rotational basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4SM3",
      "title": "Music, Sound and Movies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4SS3",
      "title": "Special Studies in Small Ensemble Performance II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced supervised studies in small ensemble performance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "MUSIC 3SS3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4UM3",
      "title": "Music and the Underrepresented",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "MUSIC _EE3/_EE6 (levels 1-4) - Solo Performance MUSIC _GB3, _GC3, _GP3, _GR3, _GW3 (levels 1-4) - Ensemble Performance in one of the following: Concert Band, University Choir, Percussion Ensemble, Sym",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSIC 4X03",
      "title": "Advanced Independent Study",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced supervised study in any area offered and approved by the School of the Arts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Music program and permission of the School of the Arts. Students requesting this course must submit a written proposal to the School of the Arts by July 1. Students interested in this course should discuss their proposal with a full-time Music faculty member well in advance of the deadline"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSICCOG 2MP3",
      "title": "Introduction to Music Cognition",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course presents an overview of music cognition, covering such topics as musical acoustics, perception of melody, harmony and rhythm, social and emotional responses to music, and the evolution of music.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Arts & Science program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a Bachelor of Health Sciences ( Honours ) program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Honours Music Cognition program ( B.A. , B.Arts&Sc. , B.Mus. , B.Sc. ) ; or permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 2MC3",
        "PSYCH 2MP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSICCOG 3QQ3",
      "title": "Experimental Laboratory in Music Cognition I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will be trained in the process of designing experiments, collecting data, performing statistical analyses and reporting on an experiment addressing an aspect of music perception and cognition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSICCOG 3SP3",
      "title": "The Science of Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores empirical, methodological and cultural aspects of the study of performance, with a principal focus on the performing arts (music, dance, and theatre).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2H03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2R03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2GG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3HB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3ST3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 2DD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "IV of an Honours program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2MP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MUSICCOG 2MP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 3SP3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSICCOG 4D06",
      "title": "Thesis in Music Cognition",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students conduct an individual research project under the supervision of a faculty member in Psychology or Music.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of Honours Music or any Music Cognition program ( B.A., B.Mus., B.Sc.) with a Grade Point Average of at least 8.0 and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSICCOG 4MP3",
      "title": "Neuroscience of Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This seminar explores theories on how and why music evolved, and how the perception, development, performance and emotional experience of music are mediated by the brain.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSICCOG 2MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Music Cognition program ( B.A. , B.Arts.Sc. , B.Mus. , B.Sc. )"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in an Honours program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 4MP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "MUSICCOG 4QQ3",
      "title": "Experimental Laboratory in Music Cognition II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will receive advanced training in the process of designing experiments, collecting data, performing statistical analyses and reporting on an experiment addressing an aspect of music perceptio",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSICCOG 3QQ3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 2BB3",
      "title": "Research Practicum in Cellular/Molecular Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent research practicum in cellular/molecular neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that may be extended over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 7.5 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 2CC3",
      "title": "Research Practicum in Systems/Circuits Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent research practicum in systems/circuits neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that may be extended over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 7.5 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 2DD3",
      "title": "Research Practicum in Behavioural/Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent research practicum in behavioural/cognitive neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that may be extended over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 7.5 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 2XN0",
      "title": "Neuroscience Tutorial",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Tutorial supplementing the Honours B.Sc.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II Honours Neuroscience"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3BB3",
      "title": "Individual Lab Study in Cellular/Molecular Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent laboratory project in cellular/molecular neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that may be extended over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "IV Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "permission of faculty supervisor"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 4L09"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 4L12"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the course coordinator"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3BB6",
      "title": "Individual Lab Study in Cellular/Molecular Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent laboratory in cellular/molecular neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that extends over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NEUROSCI 3BB3",
        "NEUROSCI 4L09",
        "NEUROSCI 4L12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3CC3",
      "title": "Individual Lab Study in Systems/Circuits Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent laboratory project in systems/circuits neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that may be extended over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "IV Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "permission of faculty supervisor"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 4L09"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 4L12"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the course coordinator"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3CC6",
      "title": "Individual Lab Study in Systems/Circuits Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent laboratory in systems/circuits neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that extends over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NEUROSCI 3CC3",
        "NEUROSCI 4L09",
        "NEUROSCI 4L12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3DD3",
      "title": "Individual Lab Study in Behavioural/Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent laboratory project in behavioural/cognitive neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that may be extended over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "IV Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "permission of faculty supervisor"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 4L09"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 4L12"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with permission of the course coordinator"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3DD6",
      "title": "Individual Lab Study Behavioural/Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | 6 unit(s) Independent laboratory in behavioural/cognitive neuroscience, conducted in a faculty member’s laboratory that extends over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV Honours Neuroscience with a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NEUROSCI 3DD3",
        "NEUROSCI 4L09",
        "NEUROSCI 4L12",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "NEUROSCI 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3E03",
      "title": "Neuroscience Lab",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Practical techniques in neurophysiology, with a focus on intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological recording.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of Honours Neuroscience"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3J03",
      "title": "Visual Neuroscience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Using human clinical cases, students will explore how genes and the environment affect the cells and circuits of the visual system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3MN3",
      "title": "Computational Models in Neuroscience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will study the role of model-building in neuroscience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMPSCI 1MD3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3NB3",
      "title": "Neuroanatomy & Behaviour Lab",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This laboratory course introduces students to neuroanatomical methods, including rodent brain histology, immunostaining, microscopy, image analysis, and rodent behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours in Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program or Level III or above of the Honours Neuroscience program First offered in 2027-2028"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 3SN3",
      "title": "Neural Circuits",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of circuit and systems neuroscience, emphasizing techniques, synaptic function, and neural circuit development, together with skills for thinking and communicating about science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 4L09",
      "title": "Neuroscience Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A research project conducted under the supervision of a faculty member affiliated with the Honours Neuroscience program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of Honours Neuroscience with a GPA of at least 8.5 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4C09",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "NEUROSCI 4L12",
        "PNB 4D06",
        "PNB 4D09",
        "PNB 4DD6",
        "PNB 4SC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 4L12",
      "title": "Neuroscience Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A research project conducted under the supervision of a faculty member affiliated with the Honours Neuroscience program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of Honours Neuroscience with a GPA of at least 9.0 and permission of faculty supervisor and program director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "BIOLOGY 4C09",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "NEUROSCI 4L09",
        "PNB 4D06",
        "PNB 4D09",
        "PNB 4DD6",
        "PNB 4SC6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NEUROSCI 4S03",
      "title": "Neuroscience Seminar",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced seminar focusing on original research articles in cellular/molecular, systems/circuits, and behavioural/cognitive neuroscience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3SN3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration In Level IV of Honours Neuroscience program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the instructor NEXUS"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEXUS 2A03",
      "title": "Impact of Infectious Disease on Individuals and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Infectious diseases are a major public health challenge, but their impact expands beyond healthcare.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NEXUS 4A06",
      "title": "How to Survive a Pandemic: Capstone Project for Nexus Minor",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This capstone course provides students with the opportunity to carry out an independent project under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "NEXUS 2A03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 3D04",
      "title": "Principles of Nuclear Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to fission energy systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOPHYS 1S03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 1D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDPHYS 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 1E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4TF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1EL3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 3D03",
        "ENGPHYS 3D04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 3O04",
      "title": "Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer: Introduction",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Fluid properties and statics are introduced.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2ZZ3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CIVENG 2O04",
        "MECHENG 3O04",
        "CHEMENG 2O04",
        "MECHENG 3R03",
        "CHEMENG 3A04",
        "ENGPHYS 3O04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4AN6",
      "title": "Nuclear Engineering Design and Synthesis Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Engineering design capstone project synthesizing undergraduate nuclear engineering knowledge to select a meaningful real-world problem and engineer a solution by mathematically modelling the impact of",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the final level of the Nuclear Engineering"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Nuclear Engineering and Management"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Nuclear Engineering"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Society program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3L04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3MB4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4D04",
      "title": "Nuclear Reactor Physics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to nuclear fission and the physics of nuclear reactors; reactor statics for homogeneous reactors; reactor kinetics for simple time-dependent situations; effects of saturating fission prod",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NUCENG 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 4D03",
        "ENGPHYS 4D04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4FC3",
      "title": "Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Waste Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Nuclear fuel production, enrichment, and fabrication; fuel properties, performance, and failure detection; spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium use, fuel cycles, recycling, and breeder reactor technolog",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NUCENG 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4NE3",
      "title": "Advanced Nuclear Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Details of nuclear safety principles, such as defense in depth.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NUCENG 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 4NE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4P03",
      "title": "Nuclear Power Plant Systems and Operation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Systems and overall unit operations relevant to nuclear power plants; includes all major reactor and process systems; self-study using interactive nuclear power plant.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NUCENG 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 4P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4PP3",
      "title": "Plasma Physics Applications",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to plasma physics with emphasis on occurrence of plasmas in nature, and applications of plasmas in thermonuclear fusion and other engineering disciplines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 2A04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 2BB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ELECENG 2FH4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ENGPHYS 4PP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4RP4",
      "title": "Radiation Protection and Health Physics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Radiation interactions with organic and inorganic matter.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in the Faculties of Engineering or Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NUCENG 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDPHYS 4B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MEDPHYS 4F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCENG 4TH4",
      "title": "Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer: Nuclear Thermalhydraulics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Fluid flow and heat transfer in nuclear reactor systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NUCENG 3O04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3TP4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3LP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3O04"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CHEMENG 3TP6"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3TP4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATLS 3LP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVENG 2O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 3O04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CHEMENG 2O04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCLST 1N03",
      "title": "Nuclear Technology Applications",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to the nuclear energy landscape.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCLST 2N03",
      "title": "Nuclear Technology & Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to international nuclear policy, non-proliferation treaty, environmental and public health policies, and safety and security policies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "NUCLST 1N03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCLST 4N03",
      "title": "Interdisciplinary Projects in Nuclear Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students complete an interdisciplinary project that synthesizes their knowledge and understanding across at least two areas (i.e., course lists) of nuclear studies and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "NUCLST 2N03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NUCLST 4NN3",
      "title": "Nuclear Energy in Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A classroom and field-based course introducing students to nuclear energy works in the urban and natural environment and local firms, sites, and facilities related to nuclear energy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NUCLST 2N03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGPHYS 3D04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NUCENG 3D04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 1F03",
      "title": "Introduction to Nursing and Health I for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This introductory course will familiarize students with ways of knowing in nursing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 1G03",
      "title": "Introduction to Nursing and Health II for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will be introduced to concepts of health and healing and will explore group process theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1I02"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 1I02",
      "title": "Introduction to Nursing Practice for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the scope of professional practice and the meaning of caring in nursing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 1J03",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice I for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will extend their knowledge of professional practice in the clinical laboratory focusing on healthy adults.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1I02"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 1K03",
      "title": "Community Engagement and Professional Citizenship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores key concepts foundational to professional nursing practice and development of therapeutic client relationships.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream, Accelerated ( F) Stream or Post Diploma R.PN. ( E) Stream; or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 1RP1",
      "title": "Reintegration Course",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The purpose of the reintegration course is to re-familiarize the student with nursing and science course concepts and refresh their professional practice skills to ensure the students return to practi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the BScN Basic ( A) Stream, Accelerated ( F) Stream or Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2A04",
      "title": "Introduction to Professional RN Practice I for Post Diploma RPN",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Stream 4 unit(s) In this theoretical nursing course, students are introduced to person-based learning in a problem-based learning approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2AA3",
      "title": "Professional RN Practice II for Post Diploma RPN Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theories/concepts from a variety of disciplines are integrated and applied to complex health care scenarios.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2A04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 2AA4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2I04",
      "title": "Introduction to Professional Nursing and Health for AcceleratedStream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will be introduced to core concepts related to nursing and health through problem-based tutorials.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2J04",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice II for Accelerated Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Nursing concepts basic to health and illness are examined across the continuum of individual and family growth and development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2U03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2L03",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice II for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an applied professional practice course.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WHMIS 1A00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2MM3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health and Illness I for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course uses a person-based learning within problem-based approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1H06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1LL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2NN3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health and Illness II for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course uses person-based learning within a problem-based approach.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2P03",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice III for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of NURSING 2L03 with applied professional practice in health settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2U03",
      "title": "Introduction to Nursing Practice I for Accelerated Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on the acquisition of foundational clinical and reasoning skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 2V04",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health & Illness for Accelerated Stream I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this people-based learning within problem-based learning course students will apply knowledge of core nursing and interprofessional healthcare content to individuals, families and communities in in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2I04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3A04",
      "title": "Clinical Reasoning in RN Practice for Post Diploma RPN Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on the development of clinical reasoning and clinical judgment for RN practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 2T04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3CN3",
      "title": "Nursing Practice with the Community: Populations, Partnerships,",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Politics and Power 3 unit(s) Students learn about community health nursing practice with diverse clients including individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream; B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream; B.Sc.N Accelerated ( F) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3IH3",
      "title": "Introduction to Indigenous Health Policy and Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to provide an introduction to a number of Indigenous health policy and practice topics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3MH2",
      "title": "Nursing Care and Practice in Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This is an applied professional practice course in which students gain confidence and knowledge of the nursing role within a range of mental health nursing settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or IV of the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A) Stream; or the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E) Stream Program; or the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F) Stream"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3NI3",
      "title": "Introduction to Concepts in Northern and International Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the determinants of health in Northern and International contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Level 3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in any Stream of the B.Sc.N. Program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3RS3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health and Illness III for Post Diploma RPN",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Stream 3 unit(s) Knowledge of core nursing and interprofessional health care content to individuals, families and communities in increasingly complex situations, analyzing professional practice situat",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3SS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3RT3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health and Illness IV for Post Diploma RPN",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Stream 3 unit(s) An extension of NURSING 3RS3 , students will expand their knowledge of core nursing and interprofessional health care content to individuals, families and communities in increasingly",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3RS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3RY4"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3A04"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3TT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3RY4",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice V for Post Diploma RPN Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This is an applied professional practice course in which students gain confidence in their emerging professional practice through a guided clinical practice in increasingly complex and diverse settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3SS3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health and Illness III for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A continuation of NURSING 2NN3, students will apply deepening knowledge of core nursing and interprofessional health care content to individuals, families and communities in increasingly complex situa",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3TT3",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health and Illness IV for Basic Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An extension of NURSING 3SS3 , students will apply deepening knowledge of core nursing and interprofessional health care content to individuals, families and communities in increasingly complex situat",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3X04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3V04",
      "title": "Nursing Concepts in Health & Illness for Accelerated Stream II",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An extension of NURSING 2V04 , students will apply deepening knowledge of core nursing and inter-professional health care content to individuals, families and communities in increasingly complex situations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2V04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 2PF3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2PF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3SS3",
        "NURSING 3TT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3X04",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice IV",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This is an applied professional practice course in which students gain confidence in their emerging professional practice through a guided clinical practice in increasingly complex and diverse settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2LA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3Y04",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice V",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This is an applied professional practice course in which students gain confidence in their emerging professional practice through a guided clinical practice in increasingly complex and diverse settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3X04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3ZA3",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice III for Accelerated Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This is an applied professional practice course in which students gain confidence in their emerging professional practice through a guided clinical practice in increasingly complex and diverse settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2V04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2H03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2HH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 1RR2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "HTHSCI 2C03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 2PF3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 2PF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 2J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3X04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 3ZB3",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice IV for Accelerated Stream",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This is an applied professional practice course in which students gain confidence in their emerging professional practice through a guided clinical practice in increasingly complex and diverse settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3ZA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 3Y04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4AC3",
      "title": "Advanced Adult Critical Care Nursing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course builds on critical care concepts introduced in 4CC3 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4CC3",
      "title": "Foundations of Adult Critical Care Nursing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on the application of critical care nursing concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4IP6",
      "title": "Integrated Adult Critical Care Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "As an applied professional practice course, students will focus on the integration of knowledge, skills and judgment related to care and management of critically ill patients.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "N4CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "N4AC3 and registration as a returning student with RN licensure"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4J07",
      "title": "Professional Nursing Practice VI",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on the application of theory and concepts to clinical practice, including the introduction to the leadership role in patient care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3TT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3Y04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3RT3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3A04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3RY4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream Program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3V03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PF1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4K10",
      "title": "Professional Practice and the New Graduate",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "As an applied professional practice course, students focus on the integration and application of research, theory and concepts to professional practice, including an introduction to the leadership role in client care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 4P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 4J07"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Stream of the B.Sc.N. Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 4K07"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4P03",
      "title": "Advanced Nursing Concepts I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to allow students to explore first hand some of the facets and elements of the act of leading in the everyday world of professional nursing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3TT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 3Y04"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Basic ( A ) Stream program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3RT3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PA2"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3AO4"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "NURSING 3RY4"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Post Diploma R.P.N. ( E ) Stream"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NURSING 3V03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 3PF1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3CN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 3ZB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the B.Sc.N. Accelerated ( F ) Stream"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 4P04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NURSING 4Q03",
      "title": "Advanced Nursing Concepts II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course engages students in exploring the meaning of becoming a nurse.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 4P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NURSING 4J07"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Stream of the B.Sc.N. Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "NURSING 4Q04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "OJIBWE 1Z03",
      "title": "Introduction to Ojibwe Language and Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will study the Ojibwe language, in its spoken and written forms, in the context of Ojibwe cultural traditions, values, beliefs and customs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "OJIBWE 2Z03",
      "title": "Intermediate Ojibwe",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course expands on the vocabulary and the oral skills for the Ojibwe language.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "OJIBWE 1Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PACE 1A01",
      "title": "Foundations of Equitable Activity, Mobility, and Community Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Explore how equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility (EDIA) shape physical activity, mobility, and community health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "None"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PACE 2A03",
      "title": "Professionalism in Equitable Activity, Mobility, and Community Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Develop professional skills alongside exercise professionals including Registered Kinesiologists and Physiotherapists while gaining practical experience promoting equity, diversity, inclusion, and acc",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PACE 1A01"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PACE 3A03",
      "title": "Applied Practice in Equitable Activity, Mobility, and Community Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced skills in client engagement, clinical reasoning, and complex problem-solving.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PACE 2A03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PACE 4A00",
      "title": "Advanced Practice in Equitable Activity, Mobility, and Community Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A non-credit capstone experience recognizing the completion of an additional 60 volunteer hours beyond PACE 3A03 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PACE 3A03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 1A03",
      "title": "Peace, Justice, Human Rights",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "From Black Lives Matter to #MeToo, migration crises and climate change news, this course examines values and ideologies in local and global struggles for peace, justice and human rights.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 1BD3",
        "PEACEST 1A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 1VM3",
      "title": "Pass the Mic: Conversations on Justice",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Exploration of diverse topics related to peace, justice and resistance through interactive guest lectures from esteemed thinkers and leaders from McMaster and the wider community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2C03",
      "title": "Peace, Justice, and Popular Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course investigates how and why popular culture and media normalize or challenge inequities, injustice, and ecological destruction in historical and contemporary contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2CS3",
      "title": "Decolonization and Activism: Creating Social Change",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "From sit-ins to street theatre, reconciliation, peacebuilding and media campaigns, diverse modes of struggle against injustice abound.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2G03",
      "title": "Beyond Borders: Race, Gender & Coloniality in Migration",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will consider the ways in which race, gender, coloniality, and other forms of inequalities frame globalization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2GW3",
      "title": "A History of Global War",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of the course and development of the two global wars of the twentieth century covering the period from 1914 to 1945.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HISTORY 2S03",
        "HISTORY 2Y03",
        "PEACEST 2GW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2HC3",
      "title": "The History of Childhood (In)Justice in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how diverse childhoods have been shaped by injustice and movements for justice from the late 19th century to today in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above This course"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2LS3",
      "title": "Language and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to sociolinguistics covering such topics as linguistic variation (regional, social, situational), language and gender, language and disadvantage/power, language choice, language change",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 3G03",
        "LINGUIST 3X03",
        "PEACEST 2LS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2M03",
      "title": "Being, Belonging, and Migration: In pursuit of rights and justice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course will examine the threads that connect migration, identity, and social justice in a global context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 2XX3",
      "title": "Social & Structural Determinants of Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Social inequities often make it difficult for individuals, families, groups and communities to attain or maintain health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3B03",
      "title": "Peace-Building and Health Initiatives",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the multiple links between health and peace, concentrating on social determinants; conflict reduction; food, sanitation and water supplies; and violence prevention; in crisis and non",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3C03",
      "title": "Researching Global Peace and Social Justice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Approaches, theories, and methods to conducting research and translating, sharing, and mobilizing knowledge to diverse audiences to address the intersections of global peace and social justice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program; at least three units in PEACEST or PEACJUST; and an additional three units of PEACEST, PEACJUST or GENDRST; or permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3CY3",
      "title": "Children, Youth & Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the relationship between children, youth, and media, including central debates, theories, and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of any program in Communication Studies, Multimedia, Media Arts, Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3D03",
      "title": "Globalization and Peace",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Investigation of complex systems approaches to understanding how social-cultural-ecological change influences globalization and peace.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3GG3",
      "title": "Theories of Decolonization and Resistance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of theoretical and cultural works that examine the effects of empire and chart projects for decolonization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3R06",
        "ENGLISH 3R06",
        "PEACEST 3E06",
        "PEACEST 3GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3P03",
      "title": "Practicum: Practical Peace Building",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Exploration of service, entrepreneurship, and other modes of engagement with practical peace building through workplace experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice; or permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3RR3",
      "title": "Race, Religion and Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines historical constructions of different races and religions in the media, primarily film, television and the press, and asks how these constructions may manifest themselves in conte",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MEDIAART 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PEACJUST 1A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PEACJUST 1VM3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above This course"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3V03",
      "title": "Global Anglophone Literature and Film",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of literature, film and other forms of popular culture by artists from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean, and their overseas diasporas.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3R06",
        "ENGLISH 3R06",
        "PEACEST 3E06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3W03",
      "title": "Contemporary Native Literature in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of significant works by Native writers who give voice to their experience in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Level II Indigenous Studies or six units of Level II English or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CSCT 3W03",
        "PEACEST 3W03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3XX3",
      "title": "Human Rights in History",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A thematic examination of the global historical evolution of the notion of human rights from antiquity up to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 20th century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3XX3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 3Y03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Peace and Justice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Consult the Global Peace and Social Justice Office for the topic to be offered.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3Y03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4B03",
      "title": "Independent Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students develop and execute their own research projects, in regular consultation with a faculty supervisor, and produce a research paper or a research-creation project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of the Combined Honours in Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice Program with a Grade Point Average of at least 8.5, and permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4G03",
      "title": "Peace Through Health: Praxis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Exploring global perspectives of peace through health, addressing social determinants of health, gender and environment, and examining individual and institutional leadership, using problem-based and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice; or permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4GG3",
      "title": "Nation and Genocide in the Modern World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A thematic study of genocide and mass murder in the twentieth century from a human rights perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History, Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4GH3",
      "title": "Social Justice Perspectives on Gender and Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Drawing on intersectional feminist, anti-racist, and anti-colonial feminist theories, this course examines gender as it intersects with race, culture, sexual orientation, citizenship status, socio-eco",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice; or permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program Departmental permission required"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4L03",
      "title": "Peace, Environment and Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Using an intersectional lens, this course examines the link between peace, environment, health and the social factors that shape experiences of pollution, contamination, and climate change inequities globally.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice; or permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4RR3",
      "title": "Truth and Reconciliation After Atrocity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores truth commissions and other truth-seeking mechanisms established globally to address historical atrocities and contemporary human rights abuses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program in History, Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4RR3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PEACJUST 4ST3",
      "title": "Special Topics Seminar",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A specialized approach to selected topics of current relevance to peace research, for example, social justice, restorative justice, truth and reconciliation, climate change, gender, refugee, and migration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of a program in Peace Studies or Global Peace and Social Justice; or permission of the Global Peace and Social Justice program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 4ST3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 3A06",
      "title": "Introduction to Pharmacology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Principles of pharmacodynamics, principles of pharmacokinetics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Honours Biology and Pharmacology Co-op ( B.H.Sc.) program or permission of the Program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 3B06",
      "title": "Methods in Pharmacology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Laboratory course with extensive teaching and guidance by teaching assistants.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHARMAC 3A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 4A03",
      "title": "Receptor-Drug Interactions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Receptor classification, receptor theory, stimulus response coupling, second messengers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHARMAC 3A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 4AA3",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Pharmacology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will focus on new developments in pharmacology including pharmaceutical biotechnology, with discussions on entrepreneurship and data science / artificial intelligence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PHARMAC 4A03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 4C03",
      "title": "Principles of Toxicology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "General principles of toxicology, adverse effects of selected agents on humans and other organisms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PHARMAC 3A06"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 4D03",
      "title": "Drug Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Principles of drug design based on drug transport, metabolism and selectivity of action at the target sites with emphasis on quantitative structure-activity relationships.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHARMAC 3A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHARMAC 4A03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 4E03",
      "title": "Social Pharmacology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Epidemiological analysis of drug use in humans; adverse drug reactions; legal and economic aspects of drug utilization, prescribing patterns in national and international contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHARMAC 3A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHARMAC 4T15",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A thesis based upon a research project carried out under the direction of a supervisor approved by the Program Director.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHARMAC 3A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in any Level IV department-"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "program-based thesis"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "independent study/project course"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 1A03",
      "title": "Philosophical Texts",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to philosophy through the close reading of selected classical texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 1B03",
      "title": "Philosophy, Law and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to philosophy through an exploration of issues in moral, political and legal philosophy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 1E03",
      "title": "Philosophical Questions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to philosophy through the study of some of its central questions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 1F03",
      "title": "Meaning in Life",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to philosophy through an exploration of the question: What makes life meaningful? Topics may include such themes as happiness, suffering, suicide, faith, love, friendship, work, art, a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2B03",
      "title": "Introductory Logic",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to logical reasoning and the analysis of argument through the study of propositional and quantification logic.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2CT3",
      "title": "Critical Thinking",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course aims to improve skills in analyzing and evaluating arguments from everyday life and academic contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTSSCI 1B06",
        "ARTSSCI 1BB3",
        "IBH 2AE2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2D03",
      "title": "Bioethics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to ethical complexities in health care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 3L03",
        "RELIGST 2C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2E03",
      "title": "Classical Chinese Philosophy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introductory survey of classical Chinese philosophy, especially Confucianism and Daoism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2F03",
      "title": "Philosophical Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A consideration of such questions as: In what terms might human nature be described? How do intentional and unintentional behaviour differ? How do physical and mental states differ? When is action fre",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2G03",
      "title": "Social and Political Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A philosophical exploration of current social and political issues.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2H03",
      "title": "Aesthetics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to some main theories of the nature of art, criticism, and the place of art in life and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ARTHIST 2H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2LA3",
      "title": "Latin American Philosophy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to Latin American philosophy through the study of classic and contemporary texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2LM3",
      "title": "Love and Monsters",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course asks how, where, when love and monsters intersect.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2N03",
      "title": "Business Ethics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An analysis of ethical issues arising in contemporary business life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2SB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2P03",
      "title": "Ancient Greek Philosophy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of ancient Greek and Roman philosophical thought from its beginnings to the Hellenistic period, including Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and the Epicureans.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CLASSICS 2P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2Q03",
      "title": "Justice, Political Philosophy, and Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A critical survey of the essentials of private law (tort, contracts, and property), criminal law, administrative law, the Canadian Charter, and international law and institutions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II of the Honours Justice, Political Philosophy, and Law program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2S03",
      "title": "History of Political Philosophy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of major historical works in political philosophy, including works by some or all of: Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Wollstonecraft, Bentham, Mill, Taylor, and Marx.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of the Honours Justice, Political Philosophy, and Law program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2TT3",
      "title": "Ethical Issues in Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of ethical issues as they arise in interpersonal communication, mass communication, and social media.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2U03",
      "title": "Philosophy of Health and Medicine",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introductory course examining philosophical issues in health and medicine.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2X03",
      "title": "Early Modern Philosophy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the metaphysical, epistemological, and moral questions asked and answered by philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as Descartes, Cavendish, Astell, Locke, Hume, Du Châtelet, an",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2YY3",
      "title": "Ethics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to moral philosophy and its application to contemporary moral problems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "IBH 1BC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 2ZZ3",
      "title": "Philosophy of Love and Sex",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An exploration of philosophical texts concerned with the nature of love and sex, including such themes as friendship, romance, perversity, intimacy, desire, sex and sexuality.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3B03",
      "title": "European Philosophy from Nietzsche to World War II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the development of philosophy in Europe from roughly the 1830s to the period preceding World War II, with a special focus on the work of Friedrich Nietzsche and on the intellectual movement",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3C03",
      "title": "Advanced Bioethics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced study of selected topics in bioethics with a focus on ethical issues in medical research on humans.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2C03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3CC3",
      "title": "Advanced Ethics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced discussion of one or more theories or current issues in ethics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "at least three additional units of Philosophy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3D03",
      "title": "Philosophy of Science",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of philosophical problems concerning science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3E03",
      "title": "Philosophy of Language",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course surveys some of the main themes pertaining to the philosophical study of language and communication and attempts to understand the most significant developments of the discipline in the co",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of Philosophy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHILOS 2B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3EE3",
      "title": "Contemporary Continental Philosophy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the work of 20th- and 21st-century continental philosophers such as Heidegger, Sartre, Beauvoir, Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida or Agamben.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PHILOS 4E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3GH3",
      "title": "Global Health Ethics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of global health ethics paradigms and an exploration of specific topics in the ethics of global health, such as the decolonizing of global health, the use of novel health technologies, and gl",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2YY3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "RELIGST 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3HH3",
      "title": "Metaphysics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An investigation of metaphysical concepts, such as substance, individuation, identity, essence, quality, process, mind, time and causality.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3I03",
      "title": "Philosophy and Feminism",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A philosophical investigation of current feminist theorizing at the intersection of gender, race, sexuality, ability, and other categories of social difference.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of Philosophy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "WOMENST 1A03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENDRST 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "WOMENST 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3L03",
      "title": "Environmental Philosophy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A philosophical study of the relationship between humans and nature or the natural environment, including what that relationship should be.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3MI3",
      "title": "Philosophy of Mind",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to some main themes in and approaches to the philosophy of mind, focusing on questions such as: What is the mind? What kind of mental states exist? What is the relation between mental",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3N03",
      "title": "Political Philosophy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of some of the central themes in contemporary political philosophy, such as justice, freedom, equality, democracy, and legitimate political authority.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of Philosophy or Political Science and registration in Level III or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above in a Combined Honours BA Program in Leadership and Civic Studies"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3NN3",
      "title": "Philosophy of the Enlightenment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the philosophy of 18th-century Europe, particularly of the thinkers associated with the Encyclopedia project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3O03",
      "title": "Theory of Knowledge",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of scepticism and certainty, knowledge and belief, perception, memory, and truth.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3Q03",
      "title": "Philosophy of Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An investigation of the nature of law and of issues arising within legal systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of Philosophy and registration in Level III or above; or registration in Level III or IV of the Combined Honours in Peace Studies or Combined Honours in Global Peace and Social Justice Program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PEACEST 3Q03",
        "PEACJUST 3Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3SR3",
      "title": "Metaphysics of Social Reality",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of philosophical theories about the metaphysics of social phenomena, such as social institutions, social norms, social conventions, social kinds, social groups, and artifacts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3T03",
      "title": "Philosophy and Race",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A philosophical exploration of what race is is it real, is it biological, or social, or something else altogether and of the implications of how we understand race and racialization on both our social",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Six units of philosophy and registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3VV3",
      "title": "Kant",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHILOS 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3W03",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An independent study course in which a student works with a Philosophy faculty member on a mutually agreed topic outside normally available course offerings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any program in Philosophy, with a Grade Point Average of at least 8.5 and permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3WP3",
      "title": "Modern Women Philosophers",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | An introduction to the social and political thought of women philosophers of Europe and North America working and writing from the 17th to 19th centuries.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above and six units of Philosophy"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "three units of Philosophy"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "GENDRST 2AA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PHILOS 3XX3",
      "title": "Plato",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A detailed study of one or more of Plato’s dialogues, with an emphasis on his philosophical ideas.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
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        "clauses": [
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        "Winter"
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      "description": "An introduction to general relativity.",
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      "title": "Analytical Mechanics",
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        "Summer"
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        "kind": "raw",
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        "PHYSICS 3DA1",
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      "id": "PHYSICS 3ET3",
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        "kind": "one",
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                "text": "registration in Level III"
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            "text": "above of any Honours program in Physics"
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            "courseId": "MATH 2X03"
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        "Fall"
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        "Winter"
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      ],
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        "courseId": "PHYSICS 3MM3"
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      ],
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    },
    {
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      ],
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    {
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    },
    {
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      ],
      "description": "An introduction to quantum field theory.",
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    {
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Permission of the Department of Physics"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different graduate level topic. Psychology"
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    {
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      ],
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        "text": "Registration in an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
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    {
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    {
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Humans gain knowledge by sensing, perceiving, evaluating and acting upon the world around us.",
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        "kind": "raw",
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    {
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                "text": "Honours Neuroscience program Not open to students with credit"
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        "text": "Registration in an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program or Honours Neuroscience program"
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    {
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      ],
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            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 2XC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 2D03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 2XE3",
      "title": "Descriptive Statistics and Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn research methods related to experimental design and to visualize and statistically describe data using various software packages.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Honours Neuroscience program. Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 2XF3",
      "title": "Perspectives in PNB",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will read and discuss scientific articles, and attend research seminars delivered by investigators within the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Faculty of Science) .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 2XT0",
      "title": "PNB Tutorial",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Tutorial supplementing the Honours programs offered through the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3A03",
      "title": "Neuroimaging",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the use of neuroimaging to study brain structure and function in the fields of psychology and neuroscience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program, or Level III or above of the Honours Neuroscience program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3EE3",
      "title": "Perception Laboratory",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will study human perception from an applied, experimental perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3HP3",
      "title": "History of Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An account of the various schools of thought leading up to contemporary psychology including a history of how philosophers and physiologists influenced the earliest roots of Psychology as a science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3L03",
      "title": "Neurodevelopment & Plasticity Lab",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Seminars and laboratory experience in current problems in neurobiology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of Honours Neuroscience program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3MM3",
      "title": "Cognitive Neuroscience Lab",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Working in groups, students will learn to conduct experiments in the field of cognitive neuroscience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of Honours Neuroscience program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3Q03",
      "title": "Independent Library Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A library project under the supervision of a faculty member that may extend over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4D06"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4D09"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4DD6"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a different faculty member must supervise each course. Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3QM3",
      "title": "Independent Research in Mental Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A research project within the mental health field under the supervision of a faculty member within the mental health community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of the Honours B.A. or Honours B.Sc. Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour ( Mental Health Specialization) program. Students are expected to have a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 3QM6",
        "PNB 3QQ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3QQ3",
      "title": "Intermediate Independent Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A laboratory project under the supervision of a faculty member that may extend over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of a program in the Department of Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4D06"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4D09"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4DD6"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a different faculty member must supervise each course. Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3S03",
      "title": "Animal Behaviour Lab",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Laboratory and field studies involving a wide variety of species.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3SL3",
      "title": "Service Learning in Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students develop their academic and interpersonal skills, as well as a sense of civic awareness and responsibility, by collaborating with community partners.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3V03",
      "title": "Human Memory Lab",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will conduct a series of experiments aimed at contemporary issues in human memory and cognition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 3VV3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Combined Honours Psychology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3XD3",
      "title": "Integrative Mentor: Learning to Write through Student Editing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course trains Level III and IV students to mentor Level II students who are taking the PNB 2XD3 writing course.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PNB 2XD3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 3XE3",
      "title": "Inferential Statistics and Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced topics include general linear model; multiple regression; analysis of variance; repeated measures; data transformations; factor analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 2XE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of Honours Neuroscience program Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 2MB3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4A03",
      "title": "Assessment in Children",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examines intellectual, educational, neuropsychological and clinical standardized assessment measures and explores the intricacies of interviewing, test selection, scoring, interpretation and report wr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 3B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 3MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Mental Health Specialization"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4D06",
      "title": "Senior Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students conduct an individual research project under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program with a Grade Point Average of at least 8.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3MN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3NB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3EV3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 3V03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4SC6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "any Level IV department-"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "program-based thesis"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "independent study/project course. Permission of the Department is required"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4D09",
      "title": "Senior Honours Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students conduct an individual research project under the supervision of a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program with a Grade Point Average of at least 8.5"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3MN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3NB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3EV3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3MM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3S03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "NEUROSCI 3V03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 4SC6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "any Level IV department-"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "program?based thesis"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "independent study/project course. Permission of the Department is required"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4E03",
      "title": "Topics in Social Diversity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will be exposed to cognitive neuroscience and psychological research on social diversity including topics such as social identity, intergroup bias, empathy, and dehumanization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program or in Level III or IV Honours Neuroscience"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4J03",
      "title": "Inquiry in Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with an opportunity to develop skills for investigations in selected areas of psychology, neuroscience and behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4PN3",
      "title": "Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour in Society",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will explore how the knowledge they have learned in PNB can be applied to engage with society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4Q03",
      "title": "Senior Independent Library Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A library project under the supervision of a faculty member that may extend over both terms.Students are expected to find their own research supervisor and are required to submit an application/permis",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 4D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 4D09"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 4QQ6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a different faculty member must supervise each course. Permission of the Department is required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4QQ3",
      "title": "Senior Independent Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A laboratory project under the supervision of a faculty member that may extend over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program. Students are expected to have a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 4QQ6",
        "PNB 4D06",
        "PNB 4D09",
        "PNB 4DD6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4QQ6",
      "title": "Senior Independent Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A laboratory project under the supervision of a faculty member that extends over both terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program. Students are expected to have a cumulative GPA of at least 8.0"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 4D09",
        "PNB 4QQ3",
        "PNB 4D06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PNB 4SC6",
      "title": "Science Communication in the Behavioural Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will learn critical writing skills to translate basic research for popular media outlets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program or Level IV Honours Neuroscience ; program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMBEHV 4SC6",
        "BIOLOGY 4C09",
        "BIOLOGY 4C12",
        "BIOLOGY 4F06",
        "ISCI 4A12",
        "NEUROSCI 4L09",
        "NEUROSCI 4L12",
        "PNB 4D06",
        "PNB 4D09"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLISH 1BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Polish Language I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to basic conversational and written Polish, teaching the skills of listening, speaking, and writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLISH 1Z03",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "POLISH 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLISH 2BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Polish Language II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A course designed to further the students command of oral and written Polish.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLISH 1BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLISH 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Department"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLISH 1ZZ3",
        "POLICY 1280",
        "POLISH 4L8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 1AA3",
      "title": "Government, Politics, and Power",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "What forces shape the political process? Towards what ends? In whose interests? In this course we will investigate these questions by focusing on the ideas, institutions, and structures that have shap",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 1G06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 1AB3",
      "title": "Politics and Power in a Globalizing World",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores theories of conflict/cooperation, cases of international action/inaction, and the formal and informal rules written by global political actors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 1G06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2C03",
      "title": "Force and Fear, Crime and Punishment",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the use of the criminal justice system, other coercive policies and the use of actual force by governments in Canada and other democratic states and the impact it has on citizens.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2D03",
      "title": "Canadian Democracy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to institutions delimiting the practice of citizenship in Canada and of the political values they embody.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2F03",
      "title": "Politics, Power and Influence in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course analyzes who gets represented and whose interests get translated into public policies in Canada, including issues of inequality, immigration and citizenship, and representation by parties,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2I03",
      "title": "Global Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A study of institutions and processes of the international political system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2ID3",
      "title": "International Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Beginning with a historical account of development, this course aims to introduce students to the idea of international development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2J03",
      "title": "Global Political Economy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the relationship between economics and politics on a global scale.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2K03",
      "title": "Political Economy of the Media",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A comparative examination of changing patterns of ownership and control of the mass media in light of globalization, technological change, government policy, market restructuring and corporate consoli",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above; or registration in Level II or above in Justice"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Political Philosophy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 2K03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2LW3",
      "title": "Communication Policy and Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of communication law and policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a program in Humanities or Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 3I03",
        "CMST 2LW3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2M03",
      "title": "Governance, Representation, and Participation in Democracies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A systematic introduction to comparing the politics of industrialized and post-industrial countries including electoral and government institutions, parties, ideologies and values, and political econo",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2NN3",
      "title": "Politics by Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "What steps are involved in designing and implementing a primary-source research project? This course focuses on the key elements of the research process - from developing original research questions,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1G06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 3N06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2O06",
      "title": "Political Theory",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to political theory that includes Classical Greek thought, early modern natural right theory and contemporary political theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2PP3",
      "title": "Law, Politics and Public Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the interactions between law, politics and public policy and its impact on domestic and international governance systems.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2U03",
      "title": "Public Policy and Administration",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the forces and factors influencing government policy decisions and the implementation of those policy choices from Canadian and comparative perspectives as means of understanding",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2US3",
      "title": "US Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction into the politics and institutions of the United States of America.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 2XX3",
      "title": "Politics of the Developing World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of major theoretical approaches to the study of development and underdevelopment, such as modernization, politics of order, dependency and modes of production.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3B03",
      "title": "Honours Issues in International Relations and Global Public Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "In-depth examination of a theoretical and empirical issue or topic in international relations or global public policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Political Science Program. ( See Note 8 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3BB3",
      "title": "Political Communication: Canada and the World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The relationship between politics and the media is analysed in terms of issues such as political news coverage, electioneering, political marketing, policy formation and publicity, and agenda setting and public opinion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a Communication Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Political Science program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1G06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 3D03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3C03",
      "title": "Government, Politics, and Indigenous Peoples Rights",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An historical examination of the leadership and politics in Canada’s indigenous communities, with a particular focus on pre-contact political structures, the Indian Act and its consequences, and conte",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Honours Political Science Specialization in Public Law"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 3J03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3CC3",
      "title": "Political Authority: 20th-Century Political Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of major themes in political theory in the 20th century focusing on concerns about legitimate political authority and the nature of power and human relations in modern society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3CD3",
      "title": "21st Century Political Theory",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Surveys political theory writings on topics such as internationalism, environmentalism, authoritarianism, and technology, that address distinctive conceptual challenges of the current era.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3CL3",
      "title": "Constitutional and Public Law in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how law mediates the relationship between government and citizens with a focus on the constitutional, administrative and criminal law in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 3NN6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3CS3",
      "title": "Campaign School",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course offers an in-course and experiential learning experience in campaign and election management using a municipal, provincial or federal election as a case study.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3EL3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III Political Science ( or higher )"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "in the Interdisciplinary Minor in Civic Vitality"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Democracy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVDEM 3CS3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3EE3",
      "title": "International Relations: North-South",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of recent North-South relations concentrating on such issues as commodity trade, protectionism, the debt crisis and negotiations over a new international economic order.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above Priority will be given to students registered in a Political Science program. ( See Note 7 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3EL3",
      "title": "Election Law and Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the politics, policy, and legal foundations of electoral systems in Canada and on a comparative basis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVDEM 3EL3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3FG3",
      "title": "Public Service Leadership",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Focuses on core leadership competencies identified by the federal public service as key in dynamic organizations and effective leaders.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 3EL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3G03",
      "title": "Politics of Diversity: Race, Ethnicity, and Multiculturalism",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the complex dynamics of race, ethnicity, and multiculturalism within the Canadian political landscape, while incorporating comparative perspectives from other plural societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of Political Science and registration in Level III or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "See Note 7 above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3GA3",
      "title": "Global Political Economy of Resource Extraction in Africa",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines both the domestic and global undercurrents that shape the governance and management of natural resource extraction in Africa and beyond.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3GC3",
      "title": "Politics of a Dying Planet",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the politics that is steering humanity to the brink of catastrophic climate change and planetary mass extinction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GEOG 3EG3",
        "ENVSOCTY 3EG3",
        "POLSCI 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3GG3",
      "title": "Federalism",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An analysis of the constitutional framework, evolution, and structure of the federal system in Canada and/or other Western countries.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above. ( See Note 7 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3H03",
      "title": "Honours Issues in Comparative Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of a theoretical and empirical issue or topic in comparative politics of the developing or developed world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Political Science Program. ( See Note 8 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3I03",
      "title": "Topics in American Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The study of a central component of the U.S.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units. Priority will be given to students registered in a Political Science program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "See Note 9 above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3IP3",
      "title": "Intellectual Property",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of intellectual property from a practical/legal perspective, and in broader context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CMST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MMEDIA 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above; or registration in Level III or above of a program in Justice"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Political Philosophy"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "CMST 3II3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3J03",
      "title": "Honours Issues in Canadian Politics and Canadian Public Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In-depth examination of a theoretical and empirical issue or topic in Canadian politics or Canadian public policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Political Science Program. ( See Note 8 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3JJ3",
      "title": "Provincial Politics in Canada",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the development, nature and functioning of the political systems of the Canadian provinces.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above. ( See Note 7 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3JR3",
      "title": "The Rule of Law and Legal and Judicial Reforms in the Developing",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "World 3 unit(s) The course offers an examination of legal systems throughout the developing world following World Bank, IMF, international aid agencies’ push to homogenize the rule of law through lega",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3K03",
      "title": "Migration and Citizenship: Canadian, Comparative and Global",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Perspectives 3 unit(s) This course examines immigration as a local, national and global phenomenon.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above. ( See Note 7 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3KK3",
      "title": "Genocide: Sociological and Political Perspectives",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of genocide and other extreme crimes against humanity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3KK3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Sociology program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "See Note 7 above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3LA3",
      "title": "Religion and Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The relationship between religion and politics is explored by way of readings by Locke, Rousseau, and Schmitt, and case studies concerning the place of religion in public life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RELIGST 3CC3",
        "SCAR 3CC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3LB3",
      "title": "Globalization and the World Order",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Addresses the past and current dynamics of globalization and how global systems have evolved into their current forms, including global economy, global governance and citizenship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "POLSCI 2J03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3LC3",
      "title": "Southeast Asian Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examines the politics of select Southeast Asian countries including history, economy, regime type, civil-military relations, party system, socio-political cleavages, human rights and development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3LL3",
      "title": "Development and Public Policy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of critical issues in public policy as they impact on the process of development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above See Note 7 above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3LP3",
      "title": "Topics in Law and Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In-depth examination of a specific area or field of law and its intersection with politics and public policy at the domestic and/or international level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3NN3",
      "title": "Statistical Analysis of Primary Data",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Social scientific research often produces enormous quantities of primary data - on voters, states, beliefs, and actions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "POLSCI 2NN3"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 3N06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3OP3",
      "title": "Political Psychology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Political psychology is an inter-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of social psychological concepts to understand political behaviour and dynamics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in any Political Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCPSY 3OP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3PA3",
      "title": "Politics of Pandemics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Politics of Pandemics looks at the political and global implications of pandemics, including COVID-19 as well as historic epidemics and viruses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3PB3",
      "title": "Politics from Below",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines social and political problems with large-scale democracies and considers several contemporary responses that, in their own distinctive ways, turn to community/locality.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3PG3",
      "title": "Political Geography",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the intersections between Political Science and Geography.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3PR3",
      "title": "Practice of Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Connects theories and generalizations about politics with experience on the ground.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above Political Science; and permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 3EL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3Q03",
      "title": "The Causes of War",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of theoretical perspectives on the causes of war and conditions for peace between and within political communities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above Priority will be given to students registered in a Political Science program. ( See Note 7 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3RF3",
      "title": "The Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its interpretation and impact on governments, public policy and governance in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "POLSCI 3NN6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3UU3",
      "title": "Reading Course",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Topics to be arranged between an individual student and instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any program in Political Science, and the written permission of an Undergraduate Advisor on behalf of the Department. A written proposal must be submitted to the Department by the instructor prior to the term in which the course is to be taken"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3V03",
      "title": "Gender and Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding the role of gender in politics, including electoral politics, democratization, peace and security, organized women’s movements.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of POLSCI and registration in Level III or above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "See Note 7 above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3VV3",
      "title": "Democratic Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of historical and contemporary debates about democracy and its challenges.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3WP3",
      "title": "Working in Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide students with the opportunity to earn academic credit for their work in an employment or volunteer position.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program in Political Science; and written permission of the faculty member supervising; and permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3Y03",
      "title": "Democratization and Human Rights",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A review of the process of democratization and the forces that drive it and an assessment of the place of human rights in emerging democracies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above. ( See Note 7 above.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 3Z03",
      "title": "Canadian Public Sector Management",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the structures and processes of management in the Canadian public sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVDEM 3Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "See Note 7 above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4AA6",
      "title": "Contemporary Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An in-depth and extensive examination of theoretical, conceptual, methodological and/or empirical issues associated with a specific topic affecting the practice of politics in modern times.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4AL3",
      "title": "Pathways: Approaching Life with a Political Science Degree",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will assist in preparing students to transition from their undergraduate education in Political Science to graduate or professional schools, first jobs, and careers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4CA3",
      "title": "Issues in Canadian Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the major issues in contemporary Canadian politics, with a particular emphasis on democratic institutions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4CF3",
      "title": "Canadian Foreign Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar will consider the theories and practice of Canadian foreign policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4D06",
      "title": "International Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In-depth and extensive examination of theoretical, conceptual, methodological and/or empirical issues associated with a specific topic in international relations, global politics or global public poli",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2J03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4DV3",
      "title": "Death and Violence",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Is violence a continuation of politics? Is death the end? Considers topics in mortality and vulnerability including self- sacrifice, revolution, tragedy, grief and the hallowed dead.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "3 units of Level III Political Theory and registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4ED6",
      "title": "Partnered Research in Elections and Democracy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This interdisciplinary course examines ways to strengthen electoral integrity, foster inclusive civic participation, and build democratic resiliency - whether in the local community, nationally, or in",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV Political Science or in the Interdisciplinary Minor in Civic Vitality"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Democracy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVDEM 4ED6"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Democracy"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4EF3",
      "title": "Political Economy of Finance for Green and Just Transitions",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar looks at finance for green and just transitions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level IV Honours Political Science program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4EM3",
      "title": "Elections Management",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course covers the general building blocks of election administration from voter registration to recounts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV Political Science or IBH or Commerce or in the Interdisciplinary Minor in Civic Vitality"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Democracy"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 4EM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "CIVDEM 4EM3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4FF3",
      "title": "Rights and Justice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of major debates in liberal political theory, with emphasis on rights, individualism, and egalitarianism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4G06",
      "title": "Politics of Public Policy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the political causes and mechanisms that shape public policies, such as political parties, interest groups, policy legacies, and how they influence policy choices on challenging issu",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "one course in Public Policy or Comparative Politics; and registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4GC3",
      "title": "Advanced Issues in Global Citizenship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar critically assesses what it means to be a global citizen in relation to pressing global challenges, including refugee movements, climate change, corporate responsibility, humanitarian int",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4GG3",
      "title": "Conceptual Issues in Global Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of contending theoretical approaches and issues to global politics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4HH3",
      "title": "Critical Theory",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of selected critical political theories from the 1930s to the present.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science Contract All Courses |"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4HR3",
      "title": "Human Rights",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the concept of human rights as reflected in international declarations and practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4JS3",
      "title": "Judicial Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the theories, factors and principles underlying the impact of the judiciary on political and policy outcomes in democratic states.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science Specialization in Public Law"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Judicial Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Ontario L8S 4L8. ( 905 ) 525-9140 © 2026 McMaster University"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4KB3",
      "title": "Non-Western International Relations",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar challenges the assumptions found in the ‘canonical’ readings of IR Theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4KC3",
      "title": "Comparative Democratization",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Concepts, theories and issues in democratization, including: definitions and measurement, emergence and consolidation; institutional design, party and electoral systems, rule of law, political culture",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "One course in Comparative Politics and registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4LA3",
      "title": "Politics in Latin America",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of Latin America’s longstanding hegemonic crisis and corresponding ideologies such as populism, corporatism, and authoritarianism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4LC3",
      "title": "Research on Law and Courts",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course reviews the methodological and empirical foundations for judicial research and requires the completion of a major research paper in the field.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science Specialization in Public Law and Judicial Studies and incoming exchange students completing the Certified International Experience ( CIE)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4NN3",
      "title": "Studies in Global Political Economy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of selected issues in the global political economy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4O06",
      "title": "Canadian Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "In-depth extensive examination of the theoretical, conceptual, methodological and/or empirical issues associated with a specific topic in Canadian politics or Canadian public policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1G06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4OL3",
      "title": "Origins of Law",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Is the birth of law inevitable? Why? Considers topics such as divinity, rationality, performativity, and “the people” in the development and reform of legal order.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4PA3",
      "title": "Policy Analysis and Implementation",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the methods to analyze the efforts of policy actors to improve policy outcomes through the development and implementation of policy options.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4PB3",
      "title": "Politics of Borders",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar examines recent theoretical and empirical developments in borders and border control.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4PE3",
      "title": "Climate Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An in-depth examination of the politics of climate change at the international and national level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4PO3",
      "title": "Public Opinion",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the conceptual foundations and theoretical frameworks of public opinion research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4Q06",
      "title": "Comparative Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An in-depth an extensive examination of theoretical, conceptual, methodological and/or empirical issues associated with a specific topic in comparative politics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "One course in Comparative Politics and registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4QQ3",
      "title": "Issues in International Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of selected issues in international politics and foreign policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2I03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2J03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4RR3",
      "title": "Health Policy in the Industrialized World",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Discussion of the Canadian health system and comparison to alternate examples (i.e.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "One course in Comparative Politics and registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4RT3",
      "title": "Radical Political Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores a wide range of radical political theories, historical and contemporary, ranging from Marxism, to anarchism, to non-Western political philosophies, and more.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "3 units of Level III Political Theory and registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4SS3",
      "title": "Public Opinion and Policy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of public opinion about public policies, like education, social assistance, and health care, through analysis of survey data from around the globe.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4ST3",
      "title": "Special Topics in Contemporary Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This Level IV seminar course will deal with a selected topic concerning an emerging and important issue in the field and in political life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4UF3",
      "title": "US Foreign Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar will consider the theories and practice of current US foreign policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 2US3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "but not required"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4UP3",
      "title": "Urban Politics and Governance in the 21st Century: Canadian and",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Comparative Perspectives 3 unit(s) This course examines political processes at the city-region level, exploring patterns of conflict and collaboration among governmental and community-based actors att",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 3UP3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4WS3",
      "title": "Politics of the Welfare State: Contemporary Challenges in ComparativePerspective",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course canvasses competing accounts about the relationship of welfare state policies and social inequalities, and applies them to understand the politics of the welfare state’s development as wel",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4Y03",
      "title": "Domination and Decolonization",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores political theories of decolonization from the early 20th century to the present day criticizing the conceptual and practical foundations of empire.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 2O06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Level IV Honours Political Science ( B.A. )"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4YR3",
      "title": "Child/Youth Rights and Security in Global Political Perspective",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination into how global power and politics construct, rely upon, constrain, regulate, diminish, and deny the possibilities and prospects for young people’s political subjecthood.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4Z06",
      "title": "Honours Essay",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A major research paper, supervised by a faculty member.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science normally with a minimum C.A. of 9.0; and written permission of the faculty member supervising the students Honours Essay; and permission of the Department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4ZZ3",
      "title": "Experiential Learning in Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A major collaborative research project supervised by a faculty member and involving a unique course of instruction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "written permission of the faculty member supervising the research"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3UU3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 4Z06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "POLSCI 4ZZ6",
      "title": "Experiential Learning in Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A major collaborative research project supervised by a faculty member and involving a unique course of instruction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Political Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "written permission of the faculty member supervising the research"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3UU3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 4Z06"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 1CA3",
      "title": "CAD for Design",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Development of 2D/3D CAD skills including multi-views, projections, sketching, modeling, assemblies, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), section analysis, parametric design, fit/function ev",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 2CA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2CA3",
      "title": "CAD for Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Two-dimensional drafting: drawing environment and commands, drafting settings, drawing editing, plotting output, dimensioning, orthographic projections and views, sectional and auxiliary views.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 1CA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2CE3",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering I: Mass Balance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Steady-State mass balances with possible recycle and reactions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 3EM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2EC3",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering II: Energy Balance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Steady-state energy balances including possible reactions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 2CE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 3PE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2EE3",
      "title": "Electronic Devices and Circuits",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Second course in electricity and electronics covers transformers, passive and active filters, and semiconductor diodes and transistors theory and applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1EL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2IC3",
      "title": "Instrumentation and Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers common pressure, level, temperature and flow measuring systems that provide the basis to specify, design, construct, test and tune a control loop using a PID controller.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2PL3",
      "title": "PLC Programming",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and their use in automation applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 2IC3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2SE3",
      "title": "Systems Engineering Fundamentals",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the principles of systems engineering and their application across systems life cycle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 2TD3",
      "title": "Applied Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Thermodynamics: Review of the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, analysis of the ideal gas compressor cycle, Rankine cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Brayton cycle and the vapour compression refrigeration cycle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "AUTOTECH 2TS3",
        "ENGTECH 1AC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3CE3",
      "title": "Chemical Engineering III: Unit and Process Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers simulation and analysis of integrated process units within a chemical process plant.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 3PS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3CT3",
      "title": "Systems and Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "System models, impulse response functions, and transfer functions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2IC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 2PL3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "AUTOTECH 3CT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3EM3",
      "title": "Electromagnetics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Field concepts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1EL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 2CE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3MC3",
      "title": "Motion Control and Robotics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The motion control part of this course covers the theory and operation of AC and DC drive systems and digital motion control.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3CT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3PL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3PE3",
      "title": "Power Electronics and Drives",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Principles and modelling of electric machines: dc machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 3EM3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 2EC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3PL3",
      "title": "Advanced PLC Programming and Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced PLC programming concepts such as files, subroutines and indexing, industrial networks, PID and PWM, HMI, AC and DC drives integration and implementation in PLCs, and automation design project",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PROCTECH 2PL3"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level III"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 3PS3",
      "title": "Power Systems Engineering",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Power system representation and analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PROCTECH 3CE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4AS3",
      "title": "Industrial Systems Integration and Artificial Intelligence",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers advanced sensor and actuator technology, robotics and vision systems, automated workcell, flexible manufacturing systems, computer integrated manufacturing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 4IC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 4IT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4CP3",
      "title": "Capstone Design Project I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course requires students to research, design, develop and implement an independent project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3MT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 4PM3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3CE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 4SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4CT3",
      "title": "Advanced Control Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Modelling of engineering systems; state variables and transfer function representations.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3CE3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3CT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4IC3",
      "title": "Industrial Networks and Controllers",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Corporate and industrial networks, OSI model, Ethernet and TCP/IP, Modbus, Foundation Field bus, DeviceNet, PROFIBUS, AS-I, proprietary buses and protocols and interfaces, distributed I/O, drivers and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3MC3"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 3PL3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 3SD3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SMRTTECH 3CC3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SMRTTECH 2IA3"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRTECH 3IT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4IT3",
      "title": "Internet Technologies and Databases",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the following topics: internet technologies and standards, database concepts, structured query language elements, web database processing and client and server side scripts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PP3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PR3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PA3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SFWRTECH 4WP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4MH3",
      "title": "Machine Health and Remote Monitoring",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers machine monitoring using an electronic interface to a machines PLC and with Direct Machine Interface (DMI) modules, installation of noise and vibration sensor network and analysis o",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Automotive and Vehicle Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering Program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4MS3",
      "title": "Manufacturing Technologies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines manufacturing and production technologies, material selection and design process, measurement and quality assurance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PH3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2CA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3CE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4SS3",
      "title": "System Specification and Design",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on requirement analysis, functional design, detailed design, reliability, maintainability and system life cycle.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PROCTECH 2SE3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PROCTECH 2I03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2CA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4TR1",
      "title": "Capstone Design Project I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course requires students to research, design, develop and implement an independent project.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 3MT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "GENTECH 4PM3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3CE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 3MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 4SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PROCTECH 4TR3",
      "title": "Capstone Design Project II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a continuation of PROCTECH 4TR1 and it requires students to conduct further research, modify/refine project design, develop and implement the independent project proposal submitted as a",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 4TR1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PROCTECH 4IT3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SFWRTECH 4WP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PROCTECH 4IC3"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SMRTTECH 4ID3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3IT3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 1F03",
      "title": "Survey of Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students completing this course will have a good understanding of the methods, research questions and major areas of psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PSYCH 1N03",
        "PSYCH 1X03",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 1FF3",
      "title": "Survey of Biological Basis of Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces important themes as the foundations to investigate psychology, neuroscience and behaviour with an emphasis on sensory systems, and behaviours critical to survival.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Biology U"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Nursing program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level I"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Arts & Sciences program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1G03",
        "PSYCH 1NN3",
        "PSYCH 1XX3",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 1X03",
      "title": "Introduction to Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the scientific methods used to study the psychology of higher order processes and interpersonal behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PSYCH 1F03",
        "PSYCH 1N03",
        "BIOLOGY 1P03",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 1XX3",
      "title": "Foundations of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces important themes as the foundations to investigate psychology, neuroscience and behaviour with an emphasis on sensory systems, and behaviours critical to survival.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Grade 12 Biology U"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Nursing program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level I"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Arts & Sciences program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HTHSCI 1G03",
        "PSYCH 1FF3",
        "PSYCH 1NN3",
        "ISCI 1A24"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2AA3",
      "title": "Child Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A general survey of theories and mechanisms of child development, illustrated through examples from neural, perceptual, cognitive, social and emotional development.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above; or registration in Level II or above of an Arts & Science or B.H.Sc. ( Honours ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PSYCH 3GG3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2AP3",
      "title": "Psychological Perspectives on Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores atypical behavior, emotion, and thought as they relate to major psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Arts & Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "B.H.Sc. ( Honours ) program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2B03",
      "title": "Personality",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the scientific study of personality which will consider theory, assessment and research in five approaches to personality: psychodynamic, biological, trait, behavioural and humanist",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above; or registration in Level II or above of an Arts & Science or Honours Health Sciences Program - ( B.H.Sc. ( Hons ) ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2C03",
      "title": "Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of research and theory in social psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above; or registration in Level II or above of an Arts & Science or Honours Health Sciences Program - ( B.H.Sc. ( Hons ) ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2E03",
      "title": "Sensory Processes",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "General processes mediating sensation and perception.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Arts & Science"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B.H.Sc"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Honours Music ( Music Cognition ) or any Honours Cognitive Science of Language program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2GG3",
      "title": "Learning, Measuring, and Shaping Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will survey principles of learning theories along with measurement and assessment of behaviour through theoretical, experimental, and real-world applications in humans and animals.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Arts & Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "B.H.Sc. ( Honours ) program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2H03",
      "title": "Human Learning and Cognition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The psychological study of knowledge and how people use it.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "credit"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above; or registration in Level II or above of an Arts & Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B.H.Sc"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Music ( Music Cognition ) or any Honours Cognitive Science of Language program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PNB 2XA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2MP3",
      "title": "Introduction to Music Cognition",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course presents an overview of music cognition, covering such topics as musical acoustics, perception of melody, harmony and rhythm, social and emotional responses to music, and the evolution of music.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Arts & Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "a B.H.Sc. ( Honours ) program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Honours Music Cognition program ( B.A. , B.Arts.Sc. , B.Mus. , B.Sc. ) ; or permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "MUSIC 2MC3",
        "MUSICCOG 2MP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 2NF3",
      "title": "Clinical Neuropsychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides an introduction to neuropsychology and places it in a clinical context.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Arts & Science"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B.H.Sc"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "the Honours Music"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Music Cognition"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "any Honours Cognitive Science of Language program Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3A03",
      "title": "Audition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the biology of hearing with an emphasis on fundamental auditory principles and underlying physiological mechanisms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2NF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3AB3",
      "title": "Adolescent Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore cognitive, social, emotional, neurological and physical development from puberty through the teenage years.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 3GG3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3AC3",
      "title": "Human Sexuality",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will survey research and theory on human sexuality from evolutionary, social, cultural, and clinical perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PSYCH 2C03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCPSY 2F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3AG3",
      "title": "Aging",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of sensory, cognitive, personality, and social changes that occur during the normal aging process.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 3GG3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3B03",
      "title": "Special Populations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Discusses selected topics related to normal and abnormal development in children, including behavioral affective, perceptual, and cognitive disorders and developmental disability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2AP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3GG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "IV of an Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCPSY 4G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3BA3",
      "title": "Positive Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the scientific study of positive human functioning, including topics such as happiness, resilience, and meaning in life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PSYCH 2B03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCPSY 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3C03",
      "title": "Child Language Acquisition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Language behaviour and development in children, from birth to school age.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2H03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LINGUIST 3C03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3CB3",
      "title": "Attitudes and Persuasion",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore social psychological theories and research relating to attitude formation and change, and the impact of attitudes on behavior.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "PSYCH 2C03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3CC3",
      "title": "Forensic Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Introduces students to applications of psychology to the law.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Completion of at least 9 units of Psychology ( PSYCH and/or PNB ) courses and registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3D03",
      "title": "The Multisensory Mind",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will consider how unisensory phenomena rely on more than one sensory modality.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2H03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2NF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in an Honours program"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3EV3",
      "title": "Evolution and Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar course explores how evolutionary theory can be used to examine fundamental issues in mental health science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3F03",
      "title": "Evolution and Human Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The study of human social psychology and behaviour in light of evolutionary theories.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2GG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1M03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HTHSCI 1I06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3FA3",
      "title": "Neuroscience of Learning and Memory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Learning and memory mechanisms will be discussed from several perspectives ranging from cognitive neuroscience to synaptic physiology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2NF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3JJ3",
      "title": "Socio-Emotional Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Discusses historical and contemporary topics related to socio-emotional development from infancy to middle childhood, with an emphasis on the development of maladaptive social behaviours.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "credit"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3GG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "IV of an Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3M03",
      "title": "Motivation and Emotion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The biological basis of motivation and emotion in humans and other mammals, with an integration of evolutionary, physiological, developmental, and social perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2GG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2NF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3MT3",
      "title": "Psychometrics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to theoretical and practical concepts in standardized psychological measurement.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1N03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1NN3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMMERCE 2QA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2GG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 2DD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3HB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3ST3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above; or registration in Level III or IV of an ISCI program or B.H.Sc. ( Honours ) program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3NL3",
      "title": "Cognitive Neuroscience of Language",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the current scientific literature dealing with brain function related to language processes in typical and special populations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of a program in Linguistics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Cognitive Science of Language or Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LINGUIST 3NL3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3SP3",
      "title": "The Science of Performance",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores empirical, methodological and cultural aspects of the study of performance, with a principal focus on the performing arts (music, dance, and theatre).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2H03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2R03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2GG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3HB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "HUMBEHV 3ST3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LINGUIST 2DD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "IV of an Honours program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 2MP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MUSICCOG 2MP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "MUSICCOG 3SP3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3T03",
      "title": "Behavioural Ecology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore proximate causes and ultimate function of behaviour from the perspective of evolutionary and ecological theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 2F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "BIOLOGY 3SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LIFESCI 3C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3TT3",
      "title": "Science of Teaching and Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will gain practical experience with teaching methods and communication skills relevant to psychology, neuroscience and behaviour and explore issues in educational psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "one",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1XX3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "PSYCH 1FF3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "IV of an Honours program; and permission of the instructor/ coordinator"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3VV3",
      "title": "Human Memory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on a selected set of themes that have shaped the study of human memory over the past half century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "IV of an Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 3WA3",
      "title": "The Mind as a Work of Art",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores how the arts can be used as a model to understand the nature of human cognition and behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of an Honours program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 4CN3",
      "title": "Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of cognitive neuroscience, focusing on the psychological, computational, and neuroscientific foundations of perception and cognition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour program; or permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PSYCH 3BN3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 4KK3",
      "title": "Bayesian Inference",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores a sophisticated method for drawing inferences from data, used both for statistical analysis and as a model of human brain function.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 1D06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1LS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 2R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GEOG 3MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HTHSCI 2GG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 3XE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2MB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3J04"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "STATS 3Y03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 4MP3",
      "title": "Neuroscience of Music",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This seminar explores theories on how and why music evolved, and how the perception, development, performance and emotional experience of music are mediated by the brain.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MUSICCOG 2MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 2MP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3H03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Music Cognition program ( B.A. , B.Arts.Sc. , B.Mus. , B.Sc. )"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in an Honours program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2E03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MUSICCOG 4MP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "PSYCH 4R03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Animal Behaviour",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced seminar focusing on selected topics in animal behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PNB 2XC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 2GG3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3F03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PSYCH 3T03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours Biology"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Honours or Combined Honours Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Neuroscience & Behaviour program This course may be repeated"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "RUSSIAN 1BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Russian Language I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed for students with no prior knowledge of Russian.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RUSSIAN 1Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RUSSIAN 2BL3",
      "title": "Beginner Russian Language II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to develop the four basic skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RUSSIAN 1BL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "RUSSIAN 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Department"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "RUSSIAN 1ZZ3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RUSSIAN 2G03",
      "title": "Masterpieces of Russian Literature in Film and TV Series (Taught in",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "English) 3 unit(s) An examination of 19th and 20th century Russian literature through the prism of contemporary film and TV series, with a special focus on interpretations offered by European and Nort",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "RUSSIAN 2H03",
      "title": "Soviet Propaganda in Films and Other Mass Media (Taught in English)",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of Soviet and post-Soviet propaganda in films, news, posters, TV reels, and other mass media.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of any program Spanish Courses in Spanish are administered within the Department of Linguistics and Languages. Togo"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SANSKRIT 2A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Sanskrit I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction to the Sanskrit alphabet and basic grammar.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SANSKRIT 2B03",
      "title": "Introduction to Sanskrit II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will continue the study of Sanskrit grammar.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 2SK3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SANSKRIT 3A03",
      "title": "Readings in Sanskrit",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to selected readings in Sanskrit texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2SB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 3SA3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SANSKRIT 3B03",
      "title": "Advanced Readings in Sanskrit",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Intermediate course with readings in selected Sanskrit texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2SB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 3SB3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 1B03",
      "title": "What on Earth is Religion?",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the academic study of religion and religions focusing on key themes and on how scholars approach religiosity both historically and in contemporary global cultures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 1GL3",
      "title": "The Good Life",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Covering major religious and philosophical traditions from Atheism to Zoroastrianism, this course will survey various efforts to identify how to live a good or meaningful life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 1SC3",
      "title": "The Big Questions: Introduction to Society, Culture & Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on the research of current faculty and senior graduate students in the Religious Studies Department to introduce some of the issues contemporary scholars are grappling with in the",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2AA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Modern Standard Arabic",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the basics of the Arabic language.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2AM3",
      "title": "Abraham in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course looks at the early depictions of the central figure of Abraham, as well as Sarah and Hagar, Isaac and Ishmael, in what scholars often refer to as the three Abrahamic Faiths.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2AP3",
      "title": "Apocalypse, Then and Now",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "How did ancient Jews and Christians portray the end of the world? How do such depictions affect current religious and secular portrayals of the end of the world in modern writing and cinema? Lectures",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2AR3",
      "title": "Introduction to Modern Standard Arabic II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course builds on the fundamentals covered in SCAR 2AA3 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARABIC 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2AA3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ARABIC 2AR3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2BB3",
      "title": "Images of the Divine Feminine",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of some of the ways the divine has been portrayed as feminine in diverse cultures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2BE3",
      "title": "Religion and Ecology",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of how various religious traditions portray humanitys relationship to the earth and other living creatures and how such traditions intersect with modern environmental and ecological thinking and concerns.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2BF3",
      "title": "Buddhism and Film",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of depictions of Buddhism in select films from around the world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2BM3",
      "title": "Magic and the Power of Ritual",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines various reference to magic preserved in the sacred texts and how sacred texts as material objects have been perceived to possess supernatural powers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2BN3",
      "title": "Sex and the City in Buddhism: The Urban Life of Buddhist Nuns in North",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "India 3 unit(s) A survey of sex, celibacy, family, married monks, pregnant nuns, monastic motherhood, entrepreneurial ecclesiastics, and other hopelessly romanticized topics in scholarly portrayals of",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2CH3",
      "title": "What is Christianity?",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An exploration of the question with reference to literary works, films, and visual arts - both ancient (above all the Bible) and contemporary.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2EE3",
      "title": "Prophets, Priests, and Sorcerers",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course analyzes various religious experts that appear in the Biblical texts in their ancient cultural contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2F03",
      "title": "Storytelling in Asian Religions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An in-depth study of selected examples of story literature in China, Japan, India and Tibet with attention to the way religion is represented.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2FF3",
      "title": "Pirates, Pilgrims and Enslaved in the Mediterranean, 1450-1750",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the Mediterranean region as a zone of intense cultural interaction.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HISTORY 2HH3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2GB3",
      "title": "Great Books in Asian Religions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces foundational books of the major religious traditions of Asia, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Confucianism and Shinto, in their historical and cultural contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2GG3",
      "title": "Who was Jesus?",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A study of the Gospels.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2GR3",
      "title": "Evil",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of understandings of reason and evil in ancient Greek, medieval Christian and modern times, and of how these understandings are related to accounts of the nature of God.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2HA3",
      "title": "Religion and Health in Antiquity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines health care in ancient Jewish and Christian texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2HB3",
      "title": "Introduction to the Jewish Scriptures/Old Testament",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the writings of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in their historical setting, to their role as scripture in Jewish and Christian tradition, and to various methodologies used in their",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2HC3",
      "title": "Introduction to Biblical Hebrew I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Hebrew Bible.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2HD3",
      "title": "Introduction to Biblical Hebrew II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to more grammar, syntax and vocabulary of the language of the Hebrew Bible.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HEBREW 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HEBREW 2B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2HI3",
      "title": "Introduction to Hinduism",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the Hindu traditions from pre-classical to contemporary times.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2HW3",
      "title": "History of Writing in Buddhist Asia",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The origins and development of many writing systems in Asia are inextricably linked to the transmission of Buddhism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "None"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2IR3",
      "title": "Bollywood and Indian Religions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of depictions of Indian religious traditions in select South Asian films.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2J03",
      "title": "Introduction to Judaism",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Survey of major facets of Jewish religion and identity from antiquity to the present, including foundational texts, major historical developments and central beliefs and practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2K03",
      "title": "What is Buddhism?",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the developments of the essential concepts, practices, and institutions of the Buddhist religion, emphasizing its role in the history and culture of Asian societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2M03",
      "title": "Death and Dying: Comparative Views",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A comparative survey of the diversity of social and ritual practices, religious beliefs, and emotional responses surrounding death in a variety of non-Western cultural contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2MH3",
      "title": "Motherhood",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A survey of depictions of motherhood in one or more religious tradition.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "None"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2MT3",
      "title": "Asian Meditation Traditions",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the historical traditions and modern transformations of Asian religious practices of meditation and mental cultivation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2MW3",
      "title": "Religion, Magic and Witchcraft",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Selected issues in the study of religion, magic and witchcraft, science and the supernatural.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level I Anthropology and registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 2R03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2N03",
      "title": "Death and Dying: The Western Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Drawing on theoretical perspectives and evidence from anthropology and sociology, this course examines death and dying in Western contexts, focusing on biomedical, social and cultural themes.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2NH3",
      "title": "Gods, Ghosts, and Gandharvas: A Survey of Non-Human Realms in Asian",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Religions 3 unit(s) This course will provide a survey of various non-human realms and their inhabitants in Asian Religions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2NT3",
      "title": "The New Testament",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides an historical introduction to the writings that make up the Christian New Testament.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2Q03",
      "title": "What Is Islam?",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The origins and early history of Islam with an emphasis on the Koran and the early Muslim community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2QQ3",
      "title": "Cults, Conspiracies and Close Encounters",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Why are people often attracted to ‘alternative’ perspectives and religious movements? This course explores the evolution and social impact of cults, conspiracies, and close encounters, including the h",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2RD3",
      "title": "Religion and Diversity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines religious practices and traditions in the context of multicultural, diverse societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2RN3",
      "title": "Science, Religion, and Human Futures",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores historical, contemporary, and speculative encounters between science, technology, and religion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2RS3",
      "title": "Religion and the Stars",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores religious practices and beliefs concerning the stars and planets.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2SA3",
      "title": "Encountering the Sacred",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces ethnographic approaches to the study of Asian religions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2SB3",
      "title": "Introduction to Sanskrit II",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will continue the study of Sanskrit grammar.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2SK3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2SG3",
      "title": "Spirits, Ghosts, and Demons",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines ghosts, demons, and spirits in a range of cultural, contemporary, and historical settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2SK3",
      "title": "Introduction to Sanskrit I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Introduction to the Sanskrit alphabet and basic grammar.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2A03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2SP3",
      "title": "Sport and/as Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of relationships between sport and religion, including ritual aspects of sport, connections between social collectivities and sports teams, and sport as meaning-making activity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2TA3",
      "title": "Islam in North America",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the history and different expressions of North American Islam.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2TT3",
      "title": "Japanese Popular Culture and Religion",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the study of Japanese popular culture in the contemporary period and the religious traditions and world-views that inform it through textual, visual and other multi-media sources, i",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2UD3",
      "title": "Utopias, Dystopias",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Utopias and dystopias have become widespread in modern culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2WW3",
      "title": "Health, Healing and Religion: Western Perspectives",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of the intersection of religious beliefs and practices with concepts of health, wellness, and possibilities for healing in both traditional and contemporary Western contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2WX3",
      "title": "Health, Healing and Religion: Comparative Views",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A comparative survey of the intersection of religious beliefs and practices with concepts of health, wellness, and possibilities for healing in a variety of non-Western cultural contexts, both traditi",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 2YY3",
      "title": "Religion and Film",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the theme of religion in a variety of films.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3AA3",
      "title": "Intermediate Modern Standard Arabic",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intermediate course enhancing skills in modern standard Arabic through reading materials with the goal of improving comprehension in both written and spoken contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARABIC 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCAR 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARABIC 3AA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3AR3",
      "title": "Culture and Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces key theorists and theories, classic and current topics, and issues of methodology and writing in the study of religion and culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 3AR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3BE3",
      "title": "Buddhist Ethics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides an overview of Buddhist ethics with several in-depth studies of Buddhist attitudes towards topics of interest in contemporary ethical debates.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3BW3",
      "title": "Gender in Ancient Eastern Mediterranean",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course analyzes gender roles in Biblical literature and other texts of Ancient Near East and Mediterranean regions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3C03",
      "title": "Islam in the Modern World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The spread of Islam, Islam as a minority community, the role of women in Islam and fundamentalism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3CC3",
      "title": "Religion and Politics",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The relationship between religion and politics is explored by way of readings by Locke, Rousseau and Schmitt, and case studies concerning the place of religion in public life.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 3LA3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3DD3",
      "title": "Jews and Jesus",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of Judaism in the Greco-Roman world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HISTORY 3DD3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3DR3",
      "title": "Research Practicum: Digital Research Methods for Ancient Manuscripts",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will participate in cutting-edge research and acquire skills in digital research methods and tools, including AI, for reading, reconstructing, translating, and analyzing ancient and medieval manuscripts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "None"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3E03",
      "title": "Japanese Film and Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of Japanese religion and culture in a wide variety of visual media, including film, anime, and television.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3EE3",
      "title": "Sacred Journeys",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Formerly RELIGST 3EE3 A study of the significance of travel in various religious traditions, focusing on shrines, pilgrimages, and the inter- relationships between secular and sacred travel.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ANTHROP 3SS3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3EP3",
      "title": "Jewish Ethics and Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores connections between Jewish philosophical traditions, political issues, and ethical questions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3ET3",
      "title": "Between Hope and Despair",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores how ethical value is shaped and contested now in the face of disasters near and far.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3F03",
      "title": "Approaches to the Study of Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of some of the ways religious phenomena are studied.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Six units of Religious Studies or Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Culture and Religion courses above Level I"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3FF3",
      "title": "Topics in Gender and Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of gender in one or more religious traditions.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 3FF3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3GP3",
      "title": "God and Philosophy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of conceptions of religious belief, knowledge, and God in the history of modern thought up to the 20th century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SCAR 2LL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3I03",
      "title": "Independent Study in Society, Culture and Religion",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "To allow flexibility for a student to take a Level II course for Level III credit when a Level II course covers material not covered in any way by our Level III courses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Permission of the Undergraduate Affairs Committee and Department Chair"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3IL3",
      "title": "Islamic Law",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course will trace the origins and development of Islamic law and examine the different schools within the Sunni and Shi’i (Ja’fari) sects.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3MH3",
      "title": "Religion and Mental Health",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the topic of mental health and how it intersects with religion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3R03",
      "title": "Death and the Afterlife in Early Judaism and Christianity",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the variety of ways in which physical death and the afterlife were understood in biblical and post- biblical Judaism as well as in the New Testament and early Christianity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3RC3",
      "title": "Race, Religion, and Coloniality",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "We will read accounts of how notions of race and religion emerged in the modern age of colonial expansion, and contemporary theories of antiracism and decolonization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3RL3",
      "title": "Religion and Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The notion of law has deep roots in religious thought and writing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3S03",
      "title": "The East Asian Religious Tradition",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Readings in East Asian religious texts in translation will concentrate on themes such as culture vs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ARTSSCI 3S03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3SA3",
      "title": "Advanced Readings in Sanskrit",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course introduces students to selected readings in Sanskrit texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2SB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SANSKRIT 3A03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3SB3",
      "title": "Advanced Readings in Sanskrit",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Intermediate course with readings in selected Sanskrit texts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SANSKRIT 2B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCAR 2SB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SANSKRIT 3B03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3ST3",
      "title": "Sacred Things",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on objects, bodies, written words, places, food, and their roles in a range of religious beliefs and practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3U03",
      "title": "The Buddhist Tradition in India",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A study of the origins and early development of Indian Buddhism, largely through readings in Buddhist scripture (pre- Mahayana and Mahayana) in translation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3US3",
      "title": "Uses and Abuses of the Bible",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the ways the Bible has been invoked over the centuries to support or challenge cultural, social and political ideals, goals, and policies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3UU3",
      "title": "Zen Buddhism",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of myth, history, doctrine, monastic culture, and ritual practices in Zen Buddhism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above, and three units from the Asian Religions Field of Study"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3X03",
      "title": "Islamic Mysticism",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of mysticism in Islam.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3Y03",
      "title": "Love",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A discussion of the variety of accounts of love in Western civilization from the time of the ancient Greeks and the rise of Christianity to modernity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 3ZZ3",
      "title": "Judaism in the Modern World",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Jews and Judaism in a century of catastrophe and renewal.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HISTORY 3ZZ3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 4Q03",
      "title": "Advanced Readings in Society, Culture and Religion",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Independent study of special topics in Society, Culture and Religion One term",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Society"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Culture"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Religion program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "RELIGST 4Q03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 4R06",
      "title": "Honours Thesis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students in this course will work closely with a faculty member who will supervise the students research and honours thesis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Society, Culture and Religion program with a minimum C.A. of 9.5; and permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCAR 4SC3",
      "title": "Society, Culture & Religion Seminar",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students read the work of, and engage with, a different faculty member from the department each week.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in level III or above in Society, Culture, and Religion or by permission of the instructor"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCICOMM 2A03",
      "title": "Foundations in Science Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students develop and practice the basics of effective written, visual and oral science communication, creating written reports, summaries, graphics, data visualizations, and short talk",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 1A24",
        "LIFESCI 2AA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SCICOMM 3P03",
      "title": "Communicating Science for Public Audiences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students apply principles of inclusive science communication to engage diverse audiences with science and its applications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCICOMM 2A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LIFESCI 3P03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCICOMM 3PP3",
      "title": "Communicating Science for Professional Audiences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students practice communicating science in different formats for varied professional audiences, such as other scientists, clinicians, investors, regulatory bodies and policymakers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 1A24"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 2AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCICOMM 2A03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of an Honours program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ISCI 2A18",
        "LIFESCI 3PP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SCICOMM 4A03",
      "title": "Independent Project in Science Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students work with an academic supervisor on a research or creative project in science communication.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 3P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "LIFESCI 3PP3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCICOMM 3P03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCICOMM 3PP3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "above of an Honours program and permission of the supervising faculty member and the School of Interdisciplinary Science"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "SIS"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 1A03",
      "title": "Investigating Science: Opportunities & Experiences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Designed to prepare students for their university careers through the introduction to the people, academic programs, resources and attitudes needed during their undergraduate studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in one of Chemical and Physical Sciences Gateway, Environmental and Earth Sciences Gateway, Life Sciences Gateway, or Mathematics and Statistics Gateway This course"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 1IP1",
      "title": "Indigenous Pathways I",
      "terms": [
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "In partnership with Six Nations Polytechnic, senior-level (Grades 11/12) Indigenous high school students interested in STEM participate in ‘TEK-STEM Summer Camp’.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 1SA1",
      "title": "Science Colloquia",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will attend six of any colloquia focused on academic research or Innovation and Entrepreneurship in science curated by the Office of Undergraduate Research in the Faculty of Science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 1SB1",
      "title": "Science Research Volunteer",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course allows undergraduate students to volunteer in the research area of a McMaster University professor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Faculty of Science and permission of the Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Office of Undergraduate Research"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 1SC1",
      "title": "Graduate Student Shadowing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course allows undergraduate students in a Level I program in the Faculty of Science to be mentored by a graduate student for 12 hours during one academic term.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Faculty of Science and permission of the Director, Office of Undergraduate Research, or designate"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2A03",
      "title": "Peer Mentoring in Science",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | This course will engage students in considering the role of mentorship in their science education and developing their own mentoring skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "a GPA of at least 7.0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCIENCE 3A03"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2AR3",
      "title": "Foundations of Science: Equity, Justice and Anti-Racism in Science",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students will be exposed to an interdisciplinary curriculum, which examines the intersections of equity, justice and anti-racism with science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2C00",
      "title": "Skills for Career Success in Science",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Develop foundational career skills and knowledge, essential for gaining meaningful experiential, work-integrated learning and employment opportunities This course is evaluated on a Complete/Fail basis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level I or above of any program in the Faculty of Science Students intending to register in a Co-op program in Level III must complete this course prior to the start of Level III and, therefore, are strongly encouraged to complete this course in Level I or II"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2D00",
      "title": "Skills for Career Success in Biochemistry",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Develop foundational career skills and knowledge, essential for gaining meaningful experiential, work-integrated learning and employment opportunities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of an Honours Biochemistry program or Honours Biology and Pharmacology Co-op program ( B.H.Sc.)"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SCIENCE 2C00"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2DL1",
      "title": "Design Your Science Career",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An interactive career development course designed to help undergraduate students take charge of their future with creativity and confidence.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2EP3",
      "title": "Applied Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any program in the Faculty of Science and permission of the academic supervisor and the Director, Science Careers & Experience Centre or delegate Students with credit or registration in any department- or program-based applied placement, internship or practicum course within the University, who wish to complete more than one opportunity, must demonstrate each experience is substantively different for consideration"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2P03",
      "title": "Impactful Initiatives in Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The IMPACT (Interdisciplinary, Mentorship, Practice, Applied, Community, Transformative) initiative collaboratively engages undergraduate and graduate students from various Faculties, McMaster alumni,",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Grade 12 Biology U"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "BIOLOGY 1P03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Arts & Science program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "the Honours Bachelor of Health Sciences program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "an Honours Biochemistry program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "any program in the Faculty of Science; or permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SCIENCE 1P03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2RI3",
      "title": "Research Innovation in Science (RIS) Startup Development",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course is offered by the Office of Undergraduate Research in collaboration with industry partners and experts from the innovation and entrepreneurship landscape.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCIENCE 1SA1"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in a program in the Faculty of Science and permission of the Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Office of Undergraduate Research"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "designate"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2RP3",
      "title": "Research Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will gain practical research experience, as directed by a faculty member, in a wide range of scientific lab/field settings or as part of a faculty member’s research program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II of any program in the Faculty of Science and permission of the Director, Office of the Undergraduate Research ( OUR) or delegate Not open to students with credit or registration in any Level III or IV department- or program-based applied placement, internship, practicum, thesis or independent study/project course. This course"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2SA1",
      "title": "Scientific Research Skills Workshop",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "12 hours of hands-on experiential learning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in a program in the Faculty of Science and permission of the Director, Office of Undergraduate Research, or designate Priority will be given to students in Level II"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 2SG1",
      "title": "Scientific Group Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Working in small groups composed of a minimum of 5 students, under the supervision of a Professor, students will participate in hands-on experiential research activities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in a program in the Faculty of Science and permission of the Director, Office of Undergraduate Research, or designate. Some modules may have additional prerequisites. Priority will be given to students in Level II. Science 2SG1 may be repeated, if on a different topic"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3C00",
      "title": "Advanced Job Search Skills For Science Co-op Students",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will develop advanced skills in conducting a successful job search and prepare students for their first work term.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3D00",
      "title": "Advanced Job Search Skills For Co-op Students",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will develop advanced skills in conducting a successful job search and prepare students for their first work term.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SCIENCE 2D00"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in B.H.Sc. Biochemistry - Biomedical Research Specialization Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "B.H.Sc. Biology and Pharmacology Co-op Program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SCIENCE 3C00"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3EP3",
      "title": "Applied Science Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a program in the Faculty of Science; and permission of the academic supervisor and the Director"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre or delegate. Students with credit or registration in any department- or program-based applied placement"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "internship or practicum course within the University"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "who wish to complete more than one opportunity"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "must demonstrate each experience is substantively different for consideration"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3EX6",
      "title": "Applied Science Placement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course provides students with the opportunity to explore career options and integrate academics with a community, volunteer or professional experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above of a program in the Faculty of Science; and permission of the academic supervisor and the Director"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre or delegate Students with credit or registration in any department- or program-based applied placement"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "internship or practicum course within the University"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "who wish to complete more than one opportunity"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "must demonstrate each experience is substantively distinct for consideration"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3IE0",
      "title": "Undergraduate Science Internship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid, 4-month internship approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 2C00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "III of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with at least 9 units of course work left to complete; and permission of the Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre Course fee is payable to McMaster University within first month of internship"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3IF0",
      "title": "Undergraduate Science Internship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Extends SCIENCE 3IE0 to an eight month internship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 3IE0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "III of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with at least 9 units of course work left to complete; and permission of the Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre Course fee is payable to McMaster University within first month of internship"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3IG0",
      "title": "Undergraduate Science Internship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Extends SCIENCE 3IE0 to a 12-month internship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 3IF0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "III of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with at least 9 units of course work left to complete; and permission of the Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre Course fee is payable to McMaster University within first month of internship"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3IH0",
      "title": "Undergraduate Science Internship",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Extends SCIENCE 3IE0 to a 16-month internship.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 3IG0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "III of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "with at least 9 units of course work left to complete; and permission of the Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre. Course fee is payable to McMaster University within first month of internship"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3RP3",
      "title": "Research Practicum",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students will conduct research, as directed by a faculty member, in a wide range of scientific lab/field settings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Science; and permission of the academic supervisor and the Director, Office of Undergraduate Research Education or delegate. Students with credit or registration in any department- or program-based independent study or research seminar course within the University, who wish to complete more than one opportunity, must demonstrate each experience is substantively distinct for consideration"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3WT0",
      "title": "Science Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid work experiences, approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 3C00"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of an Honours Co-op program in the Faculty of Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "completion of all mandatory orientation activities"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 3WW0",
      "title": "Science Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid work experiences, approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 3C00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 3D00"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level III of the B.H.Sc. Biochemistry Biomedical Research Specialization Co-op Program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "B.H.Sc. Biology and Pharmacology Co-op Program; and completion of all mandatory orientation activities; and permission of Director"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 4AR6",
      "title": "Inquiry in Equity, Justice and Anti-Racism in Science",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students will build on themes introduced in SCIENCE 2AR3.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 2AR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of instructor ( s )"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 4WT0",
      "title": "Science Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid work experiences, approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 3WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level IV of an Honours Co-op program in the Faculty of Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "completion of all mandatory orientation activities"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 4WW0",
      "title": "Science Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid work experiences, approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 3WW0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level IV of the B.H.Sc. Biochemistry Biomedical Research Specialization Co-op Program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "B.H.Sc. Biology and Pharmacology Co-op Program; and completion of all mandatory orientation activities; and permission of Director"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 5WT0",
      "title": "Science Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid work experiences, approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SCIENCE 4WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level V of an Honours Co-op program in the Faculty of Science"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "completion of all mandatory orientation activities"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of Director"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SCIENCE 5WW0",
      "title": "Science Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, academically relevant, paid work experiences, approved by the Science Careers & Experience Centre.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SCIENCE 4WW0"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in Level V of an Honours Co-op program in the Faculty of Science"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "the B.H.Sc. Biochemistry Biomedical Research Specialization Co-op Program"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "B.H.Sc. Biology and Pharmacology Co-op Program; and completion of all mandatory orientation activities; and permission of Director"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Science Careers & Experience Centre"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 3DM3",
      "title": "Creativity, Innovation and Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is a blend of hands-on and theoretical treatment on the subject of creating new technological product and service value in our society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1DM3",
        "GENTECH 3DM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 3EE3",
      "title": "Engineering Economics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Costing methods for engineering designs and processes; minimum attractive rate of return, return sensitivities, time value of money, internal rates of return, payback period, amortization of equipment",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1EE3",
        "GENTECH 2EE3",
        "GENTECH 3EE3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 3FS3",
      "title": "Financial Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course focuses on departmental budget methodologies, understanding and interpretation of various financial statement components in terms of their relevance to managerial decision making.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 1FS3",
        "GENTECH 1FT3",
        "GENTECH 3FF3",
        "GENTECH 3FS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 3MP3",
      "title": "Management Principles",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The course examines fundamental management principles of planning, organizing, leading and controlling in technology organizations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 2MP3",
        "GENTECH 3OB3",
        "GENTECH 3MP3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4EM3",
      "title": "Legal and Regulatory Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course is an introduction to the legal, ethical, and regulatory frameworks that professional engineers and related professions must observe in the Province of Ontario.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 4EM3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4EN3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Thinking and Innovation",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to the interrelationship of entrepreneurial thinking and innovation at both the industry and firm level.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFGNTECH 3EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GENTECH 2EN3",
        "GENTECH 2ET3",
        "GENTECH 3ET3",
        "GENTECH 4EP3",
        "GENTECH 4ET3",
        "GENTECH 3EN3",
        "GENTECH 4EN3"
      ]
    },
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      "id": "SFGNTECH 4HE3",
      "title": "Human-Centred Engineering Design",
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        "kind": "raw",
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      "antireqs": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4MK3",
      "title": "Fundamentals of Marketing",
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        "Winter",
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        "Summer"
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      "description": "This course introduces the 4Ps of marketing: product, price, promotion, and place with a Business-to-Business focus.",
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        "kind": "raw",
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        "GENTECH 4MK3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4MO3",
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        "Fall"
      ],
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            "kind": "course",
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        "GENTECH 4OM3",
        "MANTECH 4PM3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4PM3",
      "title": "Project Management",
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        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
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      "description": "Introduction to best practice in the management of technical projects including the use of planning, software and the management of people.",
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        "kind": "raw",
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        "GENTECH 3PM3",
        "GENTECH 4PM3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4SE3",
      "title": "Technology Ethics and Sustainability",
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        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
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        "kind": "raw",
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        "CIVTECH 4EI3",
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        "GENTECH 4TE3"
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    },
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      "id": "SFGNTECH 4SF3",
      "title": "Strategic Management",
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        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
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      "description": "This course examines the ‘total’ view of the organization and how it relates and interacts with various factors in its environment to game long-term sustainable advantage.",
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        "GENTECH 3FT3",
        "GENTECH 3SF3",
        "GENTECH 4FT3",
        "GENTECH 4SF3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "SFGNTECH 4ST3",
      "title": "Contemporary Issues in Management",
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      "description": "Students are offered a selection of three to four emerging issues of the day as those issues relate to current and emerging technology and management technology practices.",
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        "Winter"
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      "description": "This course introduces students to the best practices for essential written, spoken, and graphic communications used in technology workplaces.",
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                "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Software Engineering program"
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        "COMPENG 2DI4",
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    },
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level IV"
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            "text": "above of any Mechatronics program"
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    {
      "id": "SFWRENG 3DX4",
      "title": "Dynamic Systems and Control",
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      "description": "Modelling of dynamic continuous physical phenomena in both continuous and discrete time.",
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        "kind": "course",
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    },
    {
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      "title": "Functional Programming",
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      "id": "SFWRENG 3GB3",
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        "kind": "raw",
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    {
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      "description": "Software design process.",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "COMPENG 2SI3"
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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    },
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            "courseId": "SFWRTECH 4DA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4DS3",
      "title": "Data Structures and Algorithms",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Common abstract data types and associated algorithms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3DM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3ET0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3PR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4ES3",
      "title": "Real-Time Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Real Time system characteristics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering Program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4MA3",
      "title": "Numerical Linear Algebra and Numerical Optimization",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "System of linear equations, linear least square systems, eigenvalue problems, nonlinear equations, unconstrained and constrained optimization.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 3MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3MA3"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4NN3",
      "title": "Neural Networks and Deep Learning",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Neural network architectures and training, parallel implementations and implementations using accelerated hardware, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks and deep learning.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4NS3",
      "title": "Advanced Cyber Security",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Information security, penetration testing, vulnerability scanning and assessment, malware, system, network, and web- based attacks, social engineering techniques, ethics and legality of hacking.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3CS3"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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            ]
          },
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            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4SA3",
      "title": "Software Architecture",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Architectural structures and views.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3RQ3"
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
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          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4SS3",
      "title": "Software Security",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Preventing software vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, buffer overflows, and cross-site scripting through secure coding practices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3CS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4VD3",
      "title": "Videogame Development Technology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Applications software: Foundations of Autodesk Maya, Pixar’s Renderman, Mitsuba, Foundry Nuke, Unity Game Engine.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRTECH 4MA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4VE3",
      "title": "Visual Effects and Technology for Animated Production",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Applications software: Autodesk Maya, Pixars Renderman, Mitsuba, Foundry Nuke, Unity Game Engine.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program This course is evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SFWRTECH 4WP3",
      "title": "Advanced Web Programming",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Advanced technologies for web development, apps for mobile, desktop and cloud based systems, client and server side web APIs.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in the Software Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Chair and registration in level 2 in any program in the DeGroote School of Business for students pursuing the Business Technology Management Certificate. Students that do not have a Networking"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SFWRTECH 3IT3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 2DE3",
      "title": "Digital Electronics",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1MT3"
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            "kind": "raw",
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 2IA3",
      "title": "IoT Data Acquisition and Device Control",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course covers advanced sensor and actuator technology, robotics and vision systems, selection and integration of components for autonomous or collaborative smart systems, as well as components th",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PR3"
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          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
          },
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            "kind": "raw",
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SMRTTECH 3CC3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 3CC3",
      "title": "Cloud Computing and Internet of Things",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers advanced sensor and actuator technology, robotics and vision systems, selection and integration of components for autonomous or collaborative smart systems, as well as components th",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PP3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PR3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PA3"
          },
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
          },
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            "kind": "all",
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PROCTECH 2IC3"
              },
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level III"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 3DE3",
      "title": "Digital Electronics",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers the theory and principles of electronic devices and digital circuits.",
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        "kind": "all",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MT3"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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      "antireqs": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 4AI3",
      "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning",
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        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course deals with concepts of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 2MT3"
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            "kind": "course",
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          {
            "kind": "course",
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          {
            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "raw",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "all",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
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                "kind": "raw",
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
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        "ENGTECH 4AI3"
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    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 4ES3",
      "title": "Embedded Systems",
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        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course teaches the design and implementation of embedded hardware and software systems.",
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        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PROCTECH 2EE3"
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          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1CP3"
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PP3"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ENGTECH 1PA3"
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            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SMRTTECH 3DE3"
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                "kind": "all",
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SMRTTECH 2DE3"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "permission from the Department"
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                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 4HM3",
      "title": "Human Monitoring and Smart Health Systems",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This project based course covers human monitoring and health data acquisition, monitoring of respiratory activities and other vital signs, wearable and contactless sensors, multi-sensor platform for c",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SMRTTECH 2DE3"
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          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
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              {
                "kind": "all",
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                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
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                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in level IV of the Biotechnology Co-op program"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 4ID3",
      "title": "IoT Devices and Networks",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course teaches how the Internet of Things IoT works.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SMRTTECH 3CC3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SMRTTECH 2IA3"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SMRTTECH 3DE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SMRTTECH 2DE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program and permission from the Department"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MECHENG 4R03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "IBEHS 4A03"
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              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Mechanical Engineering Program"
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            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SMRTTECH 4SC3",
      "title": "Smart Cities and Communities",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course covers deployment of city and community networks, computation of data extracted from connected devices on the city, and sharing of analyzed data across agencies.",
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        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENGTECH 4EE0"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level IV of the Automation Systems Engineering Technology Co-op program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 1C03",
      "title": "Canadian Society: Social Problems, Social Policy, and the Law",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of Canadian social policy and the law in intimate relationships and families, work, immigration, health, and the criminal justice system.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 1Z03",
      "title": "An Introduction to Sociology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A survey of the areas of research which interest the sociologist.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2BB3",
      "title": "Sociological Approaches to Deviance and Crime",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the sociological study of deviance covering key concepts, ideas, methods and different forms of deviant behaviour.",
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        "kind": "one",
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            "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
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            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2CC3",
      "title": "Social Constructions of Criminal and Deviant Behaviours",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of how individuals and behaviours are defined as deviant and the consequences of these definitional processes.",
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        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
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                "kind": "raw",
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2DD3",
      "title": "Immigration and the Canadian Mosaic",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course overviews contemporary international migration and immigrant integration with emphasis on Canada.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
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                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
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          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2EE3",
      "title": "Decolonizing Canada: Indigenous-Settler Relations",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An overview of Indigenous-settler relations in Canada, including the history of colonization and the sociological aspects of contemporary identities, inequalities, conflicts, and social movements.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
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          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
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            "kind": "raw",
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        ]
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2FF3",
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        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the study of “race” and ethnicity.",
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            "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "raw",
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2GG3",
      "title": "Sociology of Education",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Contract All Courses | An exploration of formal schooling and the broader education system in Western society with an emphasis on application of sociological theory to educational practices.",
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        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
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            "kind": "course",
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            "kind": "all",
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                "kind": "course",
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                "kind": "raw",
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          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2HH3",
      "title": "Sociology of Gender",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to the sociology of gender, including empirical and theoretical dimensions.",
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        "kind": "one",
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            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
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            "kind": "all",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
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                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
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          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2JJ3",
      "title": "Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The sociology of race, class, gender and sexuality examines structural and cultural inequalities through an intersectional lens.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2KK3",
      "title": "Introduction to Classical Sociological Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of theories developed up to the early 20th century (including the ideas of Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and the early theorists of gender or “race”).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "POLICY 1280"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 4L8"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2LL3",
      "title": "Introduction to Contemporary Sociological Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of theories developed from the early 20th century to the present (such as the work of neo-Marxists, symbolic interactionists, feminists, and globalization theorists).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2KK3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in any Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2PP3",
      "title": "Sociology of Families",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to theoretical, historical, contemporary, and comparative perspectives on intimate relationships, households, and families.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2QQ3",
      "title": "Dynamics and Transitions in Intimate Relationships and Families",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An analysis of diversity in intimate relationships and families, including relationship formation and dissolution, caregiving, paid and unpaid labour, and social policy.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2R03",
      "title": "Perspectives on Social Inequality",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will introduce the student to major theories of social inequality, such as the Marxian, Weberian and structural-functionalist perspectives.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2RR3",
      "title": "Case Studies of Social Inequality",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will introduce the student to the empirical literature on social inequality.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2SS3",
      "title": "Sociology of Work and Occupations",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines the nature and meaning of work in relation to labour market, economic, and demographic changes in Canada over the last century.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2T03",
      "title": "Sociology of Sport",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides a detailed theoretical and empirical examination of how sport is culturally organized, experienced and mediated.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "KINESIOL 1H03",
        "KINESIOL 3P03",
        "SOCIOL 3J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2TA3",
      "title": "Islam In North America",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will explore the history and different expressions of North American Islam.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2UU3",
      "title": "Indigenous Ontologies and Ways of Knowing",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine the ways in which Indigenous peoples understand themselves as social beings and societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrollment in Level II or above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2VV3",
      "title": "Law and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course considers theoretical perspectives on the role of law in society and sociological research addressing areas such as criminal law, family law, environmental law, immigration law, and media",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2WW3",
      "title": "Media and Power",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines how the production and content of various media are linked to powerful organizations and challenged by subordinated groups through struggles over media policy or resistance throug",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 2L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 2Z03",
      "title": "Introduction to Sociological Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to develop those skills necessary to pursue and understand research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a Sociology or Social Work program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ANTHROP 2Z03",
        "CMST 2A03",
        "GEO 2HR3",
        "GEOG 2MA3",
        "GERONTOL 2C03",
        "HLTHAGE 2A03",
        "HLTHAGE 2A06",
        "HLTHAGE 3Z06",
        "HEALTHST 2B03",
        "SOCPSY 2K03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3A03",
      "title": "Advanced Analysis of Classical Sociological Theory",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced examination of classical sociological theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2KK3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2LL3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3B03",
      "title": "Selected Topics in the Sociology of Education",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of selected topics in the sociology of education.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2GG3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3D03",
      "title": "Special Topics in the Sociology of the Family",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced course allowing detailed study of selected topics in the sociology of the family.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2PP3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2QQ3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units. Priority will be given to students registered in a Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3DL3",
      "title": "Digital Lives: Technology, Culture, and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines how digital media shapes and reflects society, exploring algorithms, influencers, and online culture through a sociological lens to understand power, identity, inequality, and res",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above Priority will be given to students registered in a Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3FF3",
      "title": "Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces the basic principles of statistics used in sociological research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III of any Honours Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 3H06",
        "STATS 1L03",
        "STATS 2D03",
        "STATS 3U03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3G03",
      "title": "Sociology of Health Care",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Selected issues concerning forms of providing health care.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above Priority will be given to students registered in a Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3K03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Sociological Analysis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Same as SOCIOL 3J03.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "enrollment in Level II"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3KK3",
      "title": "Genocide: Sociological and Political Perspectives",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of genocide and other extreme crimes against humanity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 2C03",
        "POLSCI 3KK3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3MH3",
      "title": "Sociology of Stress and Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will emphasize the unique perspective sociology offers in the larger interdisciplinary discussion of stress and mental health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3HH3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3MM3",
      "title": "Political Sociology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the field of political sociology, including power, the state, policy, and social change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above Enrolment priority will be given to students registered in a Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3NN3",
      "title": "Popular Culture and Inequality",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "How the production, reception, and consumption of art and popular culture are shaped by and reinforce race, class, and gender inequalities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3O03",
      "title": "Qualitative Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will provide a detailed study of selected qualitative methods in Sociology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GERONTOL 3R03",
        "HLTHAGE 3A03",
        "HLTHAGE 3B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3P03",
      "title": "Advanced Analysis of Contemporary Sociological Theory",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An advanced examination of contemporary sociological theory, with a possible focus on schools of theoretical thought like critical theory, symbolic interactionalism, or feminist theory.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2KK3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2LL3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Honours Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 3A06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3QQ3",
      "title": "Employment and Careers after a Sociology Degree",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course draws on sociological analysis of work, occupations, and organizations to prepare students for seeking employment and developing careers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 4HH3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3RI3",
      "title": "Racial Politics and Resistance",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to conceptual and empirical perspectives on racism and racial inequality and draws from Canadian and international experiences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 3Z03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3RR3",
      "title": "Imprisonment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of the history, politics, and consequences of incarceration on individuals and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Sociology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 3RR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3SS3",
      "title": "Sociology of Judgement",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An exploration of sociological perspectives on judgement and connections to inequality, power, and authority.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3U03",
      "title": "Sociology of Sexualities",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of the social aspects of sexuality and consideration of how sexual experiences are shaped by, and interpreted through, historically specific social contexts.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3UU3",
      "title": "Power, Conflict, and the Law",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on sociological analysis emphasizing how the legal system reflects the interests of powerful classes or groups and is the basis for social conflict.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level II"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3VV3",
      "title": "The Indian Act: A Social Problem",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of Indigenous policy in Canada, with a focus on the Indian Act (the earliest race-based legislation in Canada) and its legal and sociopolitical ramifications.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Three units of Level II Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 3VV3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 2EE3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2UU3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3W03",
      "title": "Historical Methods in Sociology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of methods for incorporating historical data and archival sources into sociological argument.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "SOCIOL 2Z03"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 3YY3",
      "title": "Sociology of Globalization",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of globalization using a sociological perspective focusing on issues such as the global economy, migration, transnational families, and global identity formations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1C03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrollment in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any Sociology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4A03",
      "title": "Ethnic/Racial Tensions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course will investigate the processes by which racial and/or ethnic tensions develop in various societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4AA3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in the Sociology of the Family",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An intensive examination of selected problems in the sociology of the family.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4BB3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in the Sociology of Education",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This advanced course offers an intensive examination of selected problems involving the relationship between schooling and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 4J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 4K03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4CM3",
      "title": "Critical Analysis of Media",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines critical theoretical perspectives and research focusing on power, control, inequality, and conflict in relation to media production and media content.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 4TT3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4DD3",
      "title": "Social Movements and Social Change",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar examines sociological understandings of contentious politics, activism, and social change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4EE3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in the Sociology of Culture",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A sociological examination of topics related to the production, dissemination, consumption and/or interpretation of culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Sociology program; enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4FF3",
      "title": "Applications of Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces students to more advanced language and methods of quantitative analyses in the social sciences, including an introduction to a statistical software program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology ( Specialist Option ) program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4G03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in the Sociology of Health and Illness",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An examination of the social bases of illness.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4GG3",
      "title": "Special Topics in the Sociology of Deviance",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An advanced course allowing detailed study of selected topics in the sociology of deviance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4J03",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Sociology I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Topics of contemporary interest to sociologists, with emphasis upon current theory and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4KK3",
      "title": "Sociology through Community Engagement and Service",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Students are offered a reciprocal opportunity to acquire knowledge and develop skills while providing service and assistance to the community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4LL3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in the Sociology of Immigration",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course focuses on a timely sociological topic on immigrants and immigrant children (the second generation), including labour market integration, transnationalism, and gender and migration.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4M03",
      "title": "Directed Research I for Honours Students",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Directed study of a research problem through published materials and/or field inquiry and/or data analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4MM3",
      "title": "Public Social Psychology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines major figures in social psychology who have had an impact on the public and transformed our culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology ( B.A. ) program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 4MM3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4MM6",
      "title": "Directed Research for Honours Students",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Directed study of a research problem through published material and/or field inquiry and/ or data analysis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Sociology ( Specialist Option ) program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4N03",
      "title": "Directed Research II for Honours Students",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Same as SOCIOL 4M03 .",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Instructor"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4NN3",
      "title": "Meeting the Challenge of a Changing Climate",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Climate change is underway.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4QQ3",
      "title": "Women, Sexuality and the Welfare State",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This seminar provides a sociological focus on gender, sexuality, social policy, and the welfare state.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4R03",
      "title": "Individual and Society",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An intensive examination of selected problems involving the relationship of individuals to social structures.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4RD3",
      "title": "The Sociological Indian: What is reconciliation and decolonization and",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "why does it matter? 3 unit(s) This seminar will examine how Indigenous peoples are represented in sociology from the late 19th century to the present and will discuss the ever-changing discourse of In",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program; enrolment in Level IV of the Indigenous Studies program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2EE3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2UU3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4RE3",
      "title": "Hands-On Research Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This capstone course provides a unique opportunity for hands-on research experience.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4RR3",
      "title": "Indigenous Peoples and Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An intensive examination of selected aspects of Indigenous-settler relations in Canada.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Indigenous Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2EE3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4SI3",
      "title": "Social Media, Sex, and Inequality in Intimate Relationships",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar explores how social media and new technologies are transforming intimate relationships, diversity in sexual relationships, and inequalities experienced in intimate relationships and families.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCIOL 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4SR3",
      "title": "Topics in the Sociology of Religion",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will examine sociological perspectives on Islam.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4U03",
      "title": "Special Topics in the Sociology of Women",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An intensive examination of selected problems concerning women.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "to a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4UU3",
      "title": "Global Family and Sexual Politics",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines how globalization affects the ways in which family and sexualities are imagined, regulated and experienced through a sociological lens.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4V03",
      "title": "Work in Flux: The Gig Economy, the Corporate Ladder, and Changing",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Labour Markets 3 unit(s) An advanced course allowing detailed study of one or more topics of special interest.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4W03",
      "title": "Social Problems",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The focus of the course will be theories concerning social problems or an empirical examination of specific issues that have become the object of public debate and discussion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4XX3",
      "title": "Youth in Society: Challenge and Change",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course focuses on the social attributes and surrounding conditions associated with at-risk youth in educational, criminal justice, and mental health care institutions The class may involve an aca",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "enrolment in Level IV of the Honours Social Psychology program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4YY3",
      "title": "Feminism and Social Policy",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The course will examine the historic and more contemporary challenges, but also successes, that women and feminists have faced in transforming public policy in Canada and globally.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 2HH3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCIOL 4ZZ3",
      "title": "Selected Topics in Law and Society",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course addresses particular areas of sociological investigation into the law.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCIOL 3FF3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "enrolment in Level IV of any Honours Sociology program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "for a total of six units"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 1Z03",
      "title": "An Introduction to Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course offers an introduction to social psychology from a social sciences perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2B03",
      "title": "Psychology of Well-Being",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of what social psychological perspectives and research can contribute to the quest for physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "PSYCH 3BA3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2C03",
      "title": "Social Psychology of Popular Culture",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course investigates, through three mediums of popular culture (film, television, music), what popular culture has to offer as a type of social science.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 2V03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2D03",
      "title": "Making and Breaking Rules",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of social psychological perspectives and research in the arenas of law, justice, crime and deviance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2E03",
      "title": "Psychology of Intergroup Relations",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores social psychological theories and research on intergroup attitudes and behaviour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2F03",
      "title": "Psychology of Close Relationships",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores social psychological theories and research on romantic relationships, friendships, and family relations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 1Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2K03",
      "title": "Research Methods in Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course is designed to develop those skills necessary to pursue and understand research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "CMST 2A03",
        "GEOG 2MA3",
        "HLTHAGE 2A03",
        "SOCIOL 2Z03",
        "SCI 2K03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 2YY3",
      "title": "Theories in Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An overview of the history and development of various social psychological perspectives and theories.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SCI 3YY3",
        "SOCPSY 3YY3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3A03",
      "title": "Mental Health",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of social psychological approaches and research to mental health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Social Sciences Priority will be given to students registered in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3B03",
      "title": "Understanding Lived Experiences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of individuals’ experiences of everyday life using the theories and methods of social psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3C03",
      "title": "Regimes of Social Control",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of social psychological approaches and research as they apply to an understanding of the law, the criminal justice system and/or other regimes of social control in society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Social Sciences. Priority will be given to students registered in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3E03",
      "title": "Big Ideas/Great Thinkers in Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of social psychology through the lens of individuals whose work has contributed significantly to our understanding of the relationship between individuals and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCPSY 2L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3F03",
      "title": "Who Am I? Self and Identity",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of one of the central themes in social psychology how we define ourselves.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCPSY 2M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3H03",
      "title": "Industrial/Organizational Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the psychology of work.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 1Z03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3K03",
      "title": "Research Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "The student will work in partnership with a faculty member on a research project relevant to social psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in Honours Social Psychology"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Research Specialist Option"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3L03",
      "title": "Advanced Research Methods",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides hands-on learning where students develop skills in planning and conducting research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 2K03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HLTHAGE 3B03",
        "SOCIOL 3O03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3M03",
      "title": "Counselling & Psychotherapy",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores theoretical and clinical perspectives on couple and family counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, narrative therapy, trauma-informed therapy, and",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PSYCH 1F03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HLTHAGE 1CC3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3OP3",
      "title": "Political Psychology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Political psychology is an inter-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of social psychological concepts to understand political behaviour and dynamics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 1Z03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "POLSCI 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 1AB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above in any Political Science"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "POLSCI 3OP3"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3RR3",
      "title": "Imprisonment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of the history, politics, and consequences of incarceration on individuals and society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCIOL 3RR3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3Y03",
      "title": "Applied Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students engage in experiential learning to explore the areas in which social psychologists apply their methods, theories, principles and research findings, including education, the justice system, th",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 3ZZ3",
      "title": "Small Worlds: Children and Childhood",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "An exploration of children and childhood from a social psychological perspective, including consideration of childhood as a social construction, socialization and experiences of childhood from a globa",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above of an Honours Program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4A03",
      "title": "Advanced Research Experience",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The student will work in partnership with a faculty member on a research project relevant to social psychology.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 3L03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "approval in advance by the Program Director"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4B03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Social Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Topics of contemporary interest to social psychologists, with emphasis on current research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in Level IV of any Faculty of Social Sciences Honours Program. Priority will be given to students registered in Honours Social Psychology. This course can be repeated to a maximum of 6 units, if on a different topic"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4D03",
      "title": "Contemporary Social Issues",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An in-depth look at how social psychological perspectives can illuminate social issues, with foci ranging from sexuality and gender to racism, terrorism and climate change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCPSY 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4E03",
      "title": "Special Topics in Social Psychology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics of contemporary interest to social psychologists, with emphasis on current research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in Level IV of any Faculty of Social Sciences Honours program Priority will be given to students registered in Honours Social Psychology. This course can be repeated to a maximum of 6 units, if on a different topic"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4EY3",
      "title": "Express Yourself: Explorations of Self and Identity in Popular Media",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores self and identity in fables and fairytales, music, film, and television (varies by offering), including theories and typologies of self and identity.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in Level IV of any Faculty of Social Sciences Honours Program. First priority will be given to students registered in Honours Social Psychology and second priority to students registered in an Honours program in Health, Aging & Society"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4F03",
      "title": "Social Psychology of Crime and the Media",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Social psychological perspectives on the influence of media reporting and portrayal of crime in entertainment media on societal perceptions and knowledge of crime, the law, and criminal justice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in Level IV of any Faculty of Social Sciences Honours Program. Priority will be given to students registered in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4G03",
      "title": "Child Clinical Psychology",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores theoretical and clinical perspectives on disorders presenting in childhood, including autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and learning, mood, and anxiety disorders.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in Level IV in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4H03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Close Relationships",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This seminar course explores advanced topics in close relationship research such as relationship interventions and mental health.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV in Honours Social Psychology"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4IS3",
      "title": "Independent Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Directed study under supervision of McMaster faculty member, involving analysis of published materials, field notes and/or other data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Social Psychology and approval of Independent Research Form in advance by Program Director. Priority will be given to B.A. Honours Social Psychology students rather than to Research Specialist students"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4IS6",
      "title": "Independent Research",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Directed study under supervision of McMaster faculty member, involving analysis of published materials, field notes and/or other data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Social Psychology and approval of Independent Research Form in advance by Program Director"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4MM3",
      "title": "Public Social Psychology",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course examines major figures in social psychology who have had an impact on the public and transformed our culture.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "SOCIOL 4MM3"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCPSY 4ZZ6",
      "title": "Social Psychology Research Project",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This capstone course allows students to integrate knowledge and skills in a group research project in their area of interest.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV Honours Social Psychology"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2J03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 2K03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCPSY 2YY3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 1HS3",
      "title": "Pathways into the Social Sciences",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course recognizes a set of specialized, cross-applicable and transferable skills acquired by students in their previous education that facilitate and enhance their transition into a Social Scienc",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Completion of a Specialist High Skills Major ( SHSM) program in Environment, Business, Health and Wellness; Information and Communications Technology; Hospitality and Tourism; Non-Profit; Justice, Community Safety and Emergency Services; Non-Profit, Education, and Childcare; or an approved similar program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 1RM3",
      "title": "How do we Know? Doing Social Sciences Research",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with a glimpse of the diverse types of research methods used within the social sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Social Sciences I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Economics I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Health and Society I and credit"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 1SS3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above in a program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the department"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 1SS3",
      "title": "Inquiry in the Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The systematic investigation of any subject requires a set of widely applicable and transferable skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Social Sciences I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Economics I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Honours Health and Society I"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INQUIRY 1HU3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INQUIRY 1SC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INQUIRY 1SS3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 1T03",
      "title": "Life, the University, and Everything",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "In this course, students will build the core academic abilities and habits that are crucial for success in student life and in the transition into and through university.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Social Sciences I, Economics I or Honours Health and Society I; or registration in Level II Social Sciences General BA with permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2AC3",
      "title": "Financial & Managerial Accounting for Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2BA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Business Analysis for Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Courses for the Disability Management Certificate",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2BU3",
      "title": "Introduction to Business for Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2CP3",
      "title": "Disability Management Capstone Project",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Courses for the Certificate in Leadership and Management in the not-for-Profit Sector",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2EL3",
      "title": "Career Preparation in the Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Students will explore career options and analyze contemporary labour market information relevant to Social Sciences students.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Social Sciences program and 18 units completed"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "HUMAN 2CP2",
        "HUMAN 2CP3",
        "SOCSCI 2EL0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2EN3",
      "title": "Entrepreneurial Training for Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2FD3",
      "title": "Foundations of Disabilities",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2HR3",
      "title": "Human Resources Management for Social Sciences *",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2IS3",
      "title": "Intervention Strategies Working with Disabilities",
      "terms": [
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2J03",
      "title": "Introduction to Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to basic statistical concepts and their application to the analysis of data from the social sciences.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of Honours Bachelor of Kinesiology, Music ( Music Cognition), Cognitive Science of Language or a Social Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "COMMERCE 2QA3",
        "COMMERCE 1DA3",
        "ENVSOCTY 3MB3",
        "LINGUIST 2DD3",
        "STATS 2D03",
        "ECON 2B03",
        "ECON 3E03",
        "ECON 3EE3",
        "HTHSCI 2G03",
        "HTHSCI 2GG3",
        "PNB 2XE3",
        "PNB 3XE3",
        "POLSCI 3NN3",
        "SOCIOL 3FF3",
        "STATS 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2JS1",
      "title": "Co-Op Job Search I",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will focus on the strategic and personal management skills necessary to manage the co-op job search process, including issues particular to first-time applicants.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2EL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCSCI 2EL0"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Social Sciences Co-op program"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2LI3",
      "title": "Legal Implications and Brain Disorders",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2MR3",
      "title": "Introduction to Marketing for Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2PN3",
      "title": "Pharmacology for Non-Medical Health Professionals",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2SS3",
      "title": "Inquiry Thinking and Research Skills",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "The systematic investigation of any subject in the Social Sciences requires fundamental research skills.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Level 2 of a program in the Faculty of Social Sciences or Permission of the department"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 1SS3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2UA3",
      "title": "Principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis I",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2UB3",
      "title": "Principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis 2",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2UE3",
      "title": "Ethical Practice in the Field of Applied Behaviour Analysis",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2UF3",
      "title": "Professional Relationships with Families and Teams",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2UR3",
      "title": "Single Subject Research Design",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2US3",
      "title": "Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "*This course is part of both certificates",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2WF3",
      "title": "Working with Families with Disabilities",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2WT0",
      "title": "Social Sciences Co-Op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, non-credit, paid work opportunities of four months, completed as a part of a Social Sciences Co-op program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2JS1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Social Sciences Co-op program option"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 2XL0",
      "title": "Managing Social Data in Excel",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This zero-unit course will provide students with a working knowledge of key features of Microsoft Excel.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 3DA3",
      "title": "Introduction to Data Analytics for Social Sciences",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students with an introduction to the field of data analytics and data science, using social sciences data.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above. Preference will be given to students in a a program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 3EP3",
      "title": "Social Sciences Experiential Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will apply knowledge and skills from one or more Social Sciences disciplines to an experiential project such as a partnered research project, community-engaged project, or non-employment-base",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of any Honours program. Permission of the Careers & Experiential Education Manager of the Faculty of Social Sciences is required. Africa and Black Diaspora Studies"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 3IF0",
      "title": "Full-Time Internship",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Full-time, non-credit, paid work opportunities of four, eight, twelve, or sixteen months allowing students to explore careers, develop employability skills and make important contacts for both now and after graduation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2EL0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMAN 2CP2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 3IP0",
      "title": "Part-Time Internship",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Part-time, non-credit, paid work opportunities of four, eight, twelve, or sixteen months allowing students to explore careers, develop employability skills and make important contacts for both now and after graduation.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2EL0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMAN 2CP2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 3JS1",
      "title": "Co-Op Job Search II",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will focus on intermediate strategic and personal management skills necessary to manage the co-op job search process, including a focus on applying skills and experience from previous work terms.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2JS1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Co-op program in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 3WT0",
      "title": "Social Sciences Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, non-credit, paid work opportunities of four months, completed as a part of a Social Sciences Co-op program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Co-op program option in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 4JS1",
      "title": "Co-Op Job Search III",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will focus on the strategic and personal management skills necessary to manage the co-op job search process, including an emphasis on consolidating multiple previous experiences and applying",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 3JS1"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 3WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Co-op program option in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 4SD1",
      "title": "Skill Development Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will draw upon previous experience and job search course work to develop an individually-supervised career development project involving skill-building and independent research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 2EL3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 3JS1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCSCI 4JS1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 4SI3",
      "title": "Innovation for Social Impact",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides students from Humanities, Social Sciences, and Business the opportunity to learn and apply social innovation skills in the non-profit sector.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level III"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "COMMERCE 4SI3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "HUMAN 4SI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WILSON 4SI3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCSCI 4WT0",
      "title": "Social Sciences Co-op Work Term",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Full-time, non-credit, paid work opportunities of four months, completed as a part of a Social Sciences Co-op program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCSCI 3WT0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Co-op program option in the Faculty of Social Sciences"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 1AA3",
      "title": "So You Think You Can Help? Introduction to Social Work I",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "A critical exploration of ideas and values influencing “helping” in social work.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 1A06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 1BB3",
      "title": "Re-Imagining Help: Introduction to Social Work II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "A critical exploration of alternative understandings and practices of ‘helping’ in social work rooted in inclusive engagement with service users/communities and respect for their knowledge.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 1A06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 2A06",
      "title": "Theory, Process and Communication Skills for Social Work",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Knowledge, value base and intervention methods of social work practice; basic skill development in interpersonal communication and interviewing.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in a Social Work program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 2C03",
        "SOCWORK 2C06",
        "SOCWORK 2D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 2BB3",
      "title": "Anti-Oppressive Social Work",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "The course provides a grounding in critical theories that underpin anti-oppressive social work practices with individuals, families and communities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrollment in a Social Work program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 2B06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 2CC3",
      "title": "Introduction to Community Practice",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Understanding and analysis of social work practice within a community context that emphasizes the capacity of communities to initiate community action and social change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in a Social Work program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 4O03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3C03",
      "title": "Social Aspects of Health and Illness",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3D06",
      "title": "General Social Work I",
      "terms": [
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "A seminar for critical examination of conceptual and practice issues emerging from the application of contemporary social work knowledge, skills and values in field practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the School of Social Work"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3DD6",
      "title": "Field Practicum I",
      "terms": [
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Field practicum to develop basic intervention and interviewing skills, particularly in the formation of relationships with individuals, families, groups and communities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 2A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 2BB3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 2CC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the School"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3E03",
      "title": "Individual Practice Across the Lifespan",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Examination of theories of social work practice with individuals at various life stages.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in a Social Work program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 3A03",
        "SOCWORK 3N03",
        "SOCWORK 3R03",
        "SOCWORK 4N03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3F03",
      "title": "Social Work with Groups",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will develop effective, ethical group practice skills including assessment from multiple perspectives, facilitation and intervention skills, evaluation, to address the needs of diverse populations.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in a Social Work program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 3A03",
        "SOCWORK 3N03",
        "SOCWORK 3R03",
        "SOCWORK 4N03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3I03",
      "title": "Social Work and Indigenous Peoples",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Examination of structural and cultural variables underlying the complex relationships between Indigenous communities and mainstream society, with particular attention to how they are played out in social work practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Social Work"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Work and Labour Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Indigenous Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in level III"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "above"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1AA3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "INDIGST 1A03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "INDIGST 1B03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "SOCWORK 4I03",
        "SOCWORK 4G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3ID3",
      "title": "Special topics in Indigenous Social Work Research and Practice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Critical examination of current topics indigenous Social Work Research and Practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3O03",
      "title": "Social Work and Sexualities",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCWORK 3S03",
      "title": "Social Work, Disability and Dis/Ableism",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A critical engagement with Social Work and Disability Studies’ understandings of ‘disability’ and ‘dis/ableism’ to explore how they might intersect to inform social work practice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Social Work"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Labour Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "SOCWORK 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1BB3"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 4G03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Disability: Intersections"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Exchanges"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
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      "title": "Community Perspectives on Income Inequality and Housing",
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    },
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      "id": "SOCWORK 4C03",
      "title": "Critical Perspectives on Race, Racialization, Racism and Colonialism in Canadian Society",
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        "kind": "open"
      },
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    },
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      "id": "SOCWORK 4DD6",
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        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
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      "id": "SOCWORK 4R03",
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      ],
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        ]
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      ],
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        "kind": "open"
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    },
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      "id": "SOCWORK 4TR3",
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      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
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      ],
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    {
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      ],
      "description": "Examination and application of family theory and practice models including a critical look at societal definitions of and expectations for families.",
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            "kind": "raw",
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                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 3DD6"
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    },
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      "title": "Critical Issues in Mental Health & Addiction: Mad & Critical Disability Studies Perspectives for",
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      ],
      "description": "SW 3.",
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        "kind": "open"
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      "id": "SOCWORK 4ZZ3",
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            "kind": "raw",
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      ],
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            "kind": "raw",
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    },
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        "Spring",
        "Summer"
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            "kind": "course",
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        ]
      },
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    },
    {
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        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
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    {
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            "kind": "course",
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        "Summer"
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    {
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      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
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        "Summer"
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      "description": "An introduction to short term actuarial models in property and casualty insurance.",
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          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Markov chains"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "discrete and continuous parameter Markov processes"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "branching processes"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "birth and death processes"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ISCI 2A18"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2MC3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2XA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2X03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 2D03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 3Y03",
      "title": "Probability and Statistics for Engineering",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to probability, data analysis, statistical inference, regression, correlation and analysis of variance.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above of a program in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics or Software Engineering"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "STATS 3J04"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4A03",
      "title": "Time Series",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Stationary, auto-regressive and moving-average series, Box-Jenkins methods, trend and seasonal effects, tests for white noise, estimation and forecasting methods, introduction to time series in the frequency domain.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3D03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4C03",
      "title": "Generalized Linear Models",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Normal linear model, exponential family, iteratively-reweighted least squares, logistic regression, Poisson regression and log-linear models, other families of GLM’s, analysis of deviance and model ch",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3D03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 4CI3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "jackknife methods; multi-parameter maximum likelihood; computation in nonlinear likelihood inference; The EM Algorithm; sufficiency"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3D03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "STATS 3CI3",
        "STATS 4D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4G03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Actuarial Science",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Major Topics include: Severity Models, Frequency Models and Aggregate Models in non-life insurance and short term coverages.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3G03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3ST3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4H03",
      "title": "Actuarial Mathematics II",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Multiple life functions, multiple decrement models, valuation theory for pension plans.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "course",
        "courseId": "STATS 3G03"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "STATS 3H03",
        "STATS 4I03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4M03",
      "title": "Multivariate Analysis",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Multivariate distributions: Normal, Wishart, T2 and others; regression; correlation; principal components; general linear hypothesis.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "MATH 2LA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 2R03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 3D03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 3D06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "STATS 4P03"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "STATS 3D03"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4T06",
      "title": "Senior Research Project",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "A project in statistics to be carried out under the supervision of a faculty member from the Department of Mathematics and Statistics.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Registration in Level IV of any Honours Mathematics and Statistics program; and a GPA of at least 9.0; and permission of the Chair of the Department Not open to students with credit"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "MATH 4P06"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PHYSICS 4P06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "PHYSICS 4PQ6"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ISCI 4A12"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 4W03",
      "title": "Reading in Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Directed reading in areas of statistics of interest to the student and the instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "GPA of at least 7.0"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STATS 5GT3",
      "title": "Graduate Level Topics in Statistics",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Undergraduate students may seek permission to enrol in selected graduate level offerings.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Permission of the Department of Mathematics"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "if on a different graduate level topic"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "STEP 1SP0",
      "title": "Summer Transition English Prep",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Manufacturing Technology Courses in Manufacturing Engineering Technology are administered by the Bachelor of Technology Program.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 1S03",
      "title": "Introduction to Sustainability",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An introduction to sustainability from an interdisciplinary perspective which examines the historical and societal lenses through which sustainability is viewed.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 2GS3",
      "title": "Global Questions in Sustainability",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "All questions surrounding sustainability and sustainable development are interdisciplinary in nature.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "INSPIRE 2GS3",
        "INSPIRE 3EL3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 2IS3",
      "title": "Intersectionality and Sustainable Development",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Explore complex dimensions of sustainability through a lens of intersectionality how our individual identities shape our life experiences with a focus on environmental injustices.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 2S03",
      "title": "Evaluating Problems & Sustainable Solutions",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn how to identify problems and evaluate sustainable solutions to societal problems from an interdisciplinary perspective.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 2SD3",
      "title": "Exploring the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Students will learn the breadth of sustainability by engaging with each of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 2SS3",
      "title": "Advocating for Sustainability",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will gain knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively communicate and influence decisions, which they will apply to current sustainability issues within the community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 3HC3",
      "title": "Sustainability and Healthcare",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "By gaining the perspectives of physicians and healthcare leaders, students will learn about healthcare’s relationship to sustainability and how to create a sustainable health system to positively impa",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in level II or above and completed any 3-unit SUSTAIN course"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 3S03",
      "title": "Implementing Sustainable Change",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "Exploring agency, leadership, and strategy effectiveness within the context of sustainability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above and completion of any level II SUSTAIN course"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 3SS3",
      "title": "Community Engagement and Prototyping for Sustainability",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Students will collaborate with each other, community members, and local organizations to develop pilots, prototypes, and engagement initiatives that make cities more sustainable and contribute to the",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level II or above or permission of the Academic Sustainability Programs Office"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "SUSTAIN 4S06",
      "title": "Leadership in Sustainability",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Final-year course where students gain leadership skills and apply them by working in interdisciplinary teams to develop and implement a sustainability-focused project within the community.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV or above or permission of the Academic Sustainability Programs Office Visiting Undergraduate Research"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "VSR 1A00",
      "title": "Visiting Undergraduate Student Research",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course is for domestic and international students who are coming to McMaster to conduct research as part of their degree studies at their home university.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WHMIS 1A00",
      "title": "Introduction to Health and Safety",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Introduction to safety guidelines at McMaster University, acceptable safety conduct and positive safety attitudes and practices in laboratories and Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS).",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "ART 1HS0",
        "ENGINEER 1A00",
        "ENGTECH 1A00",
        "NURSING 1A00",
        "SCIENCE 1A00"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 1A03",
      "title": "Introduction to Leadership and Civic Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course introduces leadership and civic engagement by examining foundational theories and practices of human social organization and civil society.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 1B03",
      "title": "Inquiry and Contemporary Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course will introduce students to the fundamentals of inquiry-based learning, including articulating strong research questions, defining a line of inquiry, cultivating research methods and resour",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrolment in Leadership and Civic Studies I"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 2C03",
      "title": "Leadership, Civic Engagement and Contemporary Communication",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course will examine theories and practices of communication with the aim of engaging diverse publics utilizing multiple modes of address, active listening, collaboration, and persuasion.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrollment in Level II of Combined Honours Leadership & Civic Studies and Another Subject ( B.A.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 2D03",
      "title": "Deconstructing Leadership: Leadership and Diversity",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines theories and practices of leadership from diverse, critical perspectives including Indigeneity, class, gender, race, age, and ability.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrollment in Level II of Combined Honours Leadership & Civic Studies and Another Subject ( B.A.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 3E03",
      "title": "Future of Canada Challenges",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This topics-based course will be structured around a series of guest speakers who will talk to students about pressing issues of contemporary concern to Canadian societies and the world.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above in any program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 3F03",
      "title": "Leadership and Civic Engagement Skills and Methods",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This experiential, project-based course will provide students with training in ethical quantitative and qualitative methods to develop solutions to a specific societal challenge, need or concern.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrollment in Level III of Combined Honours in Leadership and Civic Studies and Another Subject ( B.A.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 4A06",
      "title": "Civic Leadership Placement & Project",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course provides supports, resources, and mentorship to complete a major independent or group project related to civic engagement and leadership.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Enrollment in Level IV of Combined Honours in Leadership and Civic Studies and Another Subject ( B.A.)"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WILSON 4T03",
      "title": "Topics in Leadership and Civic Life",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "How do leadership and civic engagement shape democracy and social change? This course explores evolving issues in civic participation, leadership, and community action, with a focus that varies based on instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of a Humanities or Social Sciences program"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 1A03",
      "title": "An Introduction to Work and Labour in Canada",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course takes a historical approach to introducing students to the field of Labour Studies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 1A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 1E03",
      "title": "Navigating the World of Work",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "Work is central to our quality of life, identities, and well-being.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 1C03",
        "LABRST 1E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2A03",
      "title": "Unions in Action",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "How do unions work? How do they go about representing their members and mobilizing workers in the workplace and beyond? How do they grapple with the main issues facing workers, and renew their movemen",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a Work and Labour Studies program, or registration in any Level II program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2A03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2G03",
      "title": "Labour and Globalization",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Neoliberal globalization is often associated with the rise of transnational corporations, free trade agreements, and the imposition of neoliberal policies on governments through the core international",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any level II program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2H03",
      "title": "Sports, Work and Labour",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "For a number of reasons - including fame and fortune - athletes are not perceived to be workers.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any program Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2J03",
      "title": "Work and Racism",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores individual and systemic racism in the Canadian labour market through the experiences of Aboriginal peoples, immigrants, and racialized, linguistic and cultural minorities.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Level II program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2J03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2K03",
      "title": "Technology and The Future of Work",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the future of work in the face of the advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and other technologies, and considers which jobs are most vulnerable to automation and which might be safest.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "WORKLABR 1D03",
        "LABRST 1D03",
        "LABRST 2K03",
        "ARTSSCI 3BB3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2M03",
      "title": "Pop Culture, Media and Work",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "‘The medium is the message.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any program Level II or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2P03",
      "title": "Working in Healthcare",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course explores the organization of healthcare work including working conditions, divisions of labour and the role of scientific and emotional labour.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "open"
      },
      "antireqs": []
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 2W03",
      "title": "Human Rights and Social Justice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "An introduction to the growing national and international discussion of human rights, exploring the value and limitations of universal rights, equality under the law and social justice.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "GENDRST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACEST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACJUST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "PEACJUST 1VM3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WOMENST 1A03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "WOMENST 1AA3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "IBH 1BD3"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level II"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of a program in Indigenous Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Work and Labour Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Peace Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Global Peace and Social Justice or Justice"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Political Philosophy and Law"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2W03",
        "GENDRST 2A03",
        "PEACJUST 2B03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3A03",
      "title": "Economics of Labour Market Issues",
      "terms": [
        "Fall",
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "This course applies economic analysis to issues of importance in the labour market.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1A06"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in a Work and Labour Studies program; or permission of the Director"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3A03",
        "ECON 2A03",
        "ECON 3D03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3B03",
      "title": "Economics of Trade Unionism and Labour",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics will include the economics of the labour market, the impact of trade unions on the labour market, economic theories of strikes, trade unions and the state.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "all",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ECON 1B03"
          },
          {
            "kind": "one",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "all",
                "clauses": [
                  {
                    "kind": "course",
                    "courseId": "ECON 1BB3"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "registration in a Work"
                  },
                  {
                    "kind": "raw",
                    "text": "Labour Studies program"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "permission of the Director"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3B03",
        "ECON 2T03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3C03",
      "title": "Labour and Employment Law",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "The law plays a major role in shaping almost every aspect of work, from the workers basic duties on the job, through their right to organize, to how and when unions are allowed to bargain and go on strike.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "LABRST 2A03"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in a Work"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "Labour Studies program"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "registration in Level III or above in Honours Political Science Specialization in Public Law and Judicial Studies"
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "permission of the Director"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3C03",
        "COMMERCE 4BF3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3D03",
      "title": "Workers’ Health and Well-Being in a Changing World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "How do pandemics, extreme heat, and artificial intelligence impact workers health and well-being? Have laws and policies kept pace with shifts in hazards facing workers? Have workplace policies and pr",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3D03",
        "HLTHAGE 3DD3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3E03",
      "title": "Gender, Sexuality and Work",
      "terms": [
        "Spring",
        "Summer"
      ],
      "description": "An examination of the historical and contemporary relations between women and work, and women and unionism.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a Work and Labour Studies program, or registration in any Level III program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3E03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3K03",
      "title": "On the Move: Workers in a Global World",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "More than ever, people are moving across local, regional, national, and various borders for work.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any level 3 program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3K03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3L03",
      "title": "Labour Policy and Advocacy",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course explores the way that governments shape and regulate the labour market, the workplace and the lives of workers, and the ways that workers organize collectively to advocate for policy change.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in any Level III program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3L03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3M03",
      "title": "Big Ideas in Work and Labour Studies",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines the political, economic and sociological approaches to understanding work and labour in capitalist societies.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in a Labour Studies program or any Level III program or above"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 2C03",
        "LABRST 3M03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3Q03",
      "title": "Connecting Knowledge, Policy, and Advocacy for Worker Justice",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "How do we learn about our social world? How do we know if our ideas about the world are true? How do we find answers to important questions about our social world? How can our research address pressin",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level III or IV of a Work and Labour Studies program or Level III or IV of a Community Engaged program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3H03",
        "LABRST 3Q03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 3T03",
      "title": "Poverty and Homelessness",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "This course will critically examine social work practices and policies in response to poverty and homelessness including causes, lived experiences, service provision, policy options and activist responses.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in a Social Work program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "all",
            "clauses": [
              {
                "kind": "course",
                "courseId": "SOCWORK 1A06"
              },
              {
                "kind": "raw",
                "text": "registration in Level III"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "above of any program"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 3T03",
        "SOCWORK 3T03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 4A03",
      "title": "Work and Labour Studies Practicum",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course gives students experience outside of the classroom by placing them with an organization that deals with labour issues - a union, a community group, or a government agency.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Work and Labour Studies program or Permission of the Director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "WORKLABR 4A06",
        "LABRST 4A06"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 4C03",
      "title": "Public Sector Collective Bargaining",
      "terms": [
        "Fall"
      ],
      "description": "This course examines unionization and collective bargaining for employees in the public, and para-public sectors.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Work and Labour Studies program"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 4C03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 4F03",
      "title": "Work and the Environment",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Who bears the cost of environmental degradation? How does our current economic system shape possibilities for environmental justice? Is there such a thing as working-class environmentalism? And how do",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "one",
        "clauses": [
          {
            "kind": "raw",
            "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Work and Labour Studies program"
          },
          {
            "kind": "course",
            "courseId": "ENVSOCTY 4LW3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "GEOG 4LW3",
        "LABRST 4F03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 4G03",
      "title": "Advanced Topics in Work and Labour Studies",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Topics of current interest to students in Work and Labour Studies, with emphasis on current theory and research.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Work and Labour Studies program or permission of the Director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 4G03",
        "WRKLAB 4G03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 4H03",
      "title": "Working Precariously: Labour Strategies, Labour Renewal",
      "terms": [
        "Winter"
      ],
      "description": "Precarious work is rising.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Work and Labour Studies program or permission of the Director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 4H03"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "WORKLABR 4J03",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "terms": [],
      "description": "Independent study of a research problem to be arranged between student and instructor.",
      "prereqs": {
        "kind": "raw",
        "text": "Registration in Level IV of an Honours Work and Labour Studies program and permission of the Director"
      },
      "antireqs": [
        "LABRST 4J03"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
